全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量

doi:10.17520/biods.2022400

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 22400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022400

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量

陈嘉珈¹, 蒲真¹, 黄中鸿¹, 于凤琴², 张建军³, 许东华⁴, 徐俊泉⁴, 尚鹏⁴, 地里木拉提∙帕尔哈提⁴, 李耀江⁵, Jigme Tshering⁶, 郭玉民¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083, 中国
2.北京绿野方舟团队, 北京 100013, 中国
3.云南会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区管护局, 云南曲靖 654200, 中国
4.新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局, 新疆库尔勒 841000, 中国
5.新疆且末县中昆仑自然保护区管理局, 新疆且末 841900, 中国
6.Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Thimphu 325, Bhutan

收稿日期:2022-07-13 接受日期:2023-03-05 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-16
通讯作者: * E-mail: guoyumin@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
基于BDS/GPS-GSM跟踪定位的黑颈鹤栖息地选择及空间利用研究(31770573);日喀则市国家重点野生动物植物保护补助黑颈鹤及其伴生鸟类野外调查研究(ZXDRKZ-HW-2021007);黑颈鹤繁殖生态学持续调查监测项目(QHPZCS2021-014-02)

Global distribution and number of overwintering black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis)

Jiajia Chen¹, Zhen Pu¹, Zhonghong Huang¹, Fengqin Yu², Jianjun Zhang³, Donghua Xu⁴, Junquan Xu⁴, Peng Shang⁴, Dilimulati·Parhati⁴, Yaojiang Li⁵, Jigme Tshering⁶, Yumin Guo¹^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Wildlife Ark Green Cross, Beijing 100013, China
3. Yunnan Huize Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve Administration, Qujing, Yunnan 654200, China
4. Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
5. Central Kunlun Nature Reserve Administration, Qiemo County, Xinjiang 841900, China
6. Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Thimphu 325, Bhutan

Received:2022-07-13 Accepted:2023-03-05 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-16
Contact: * E-mail: guoyumin@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是我国国家一级重点保护野生动物, 被IUCN列为近危(NT)物种。黑颈鹤越冬种群主要分布在中国云南省东北部和西北部、贵州省西北部以及西藏自治区中南部, 还有少部分分布于不丹。对黑颈鹤这一高原鹤类的越冬分布与数量展开调查, 有助于了解该物种的种群数量变化趋势。为掌握全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量现状, 我们于2022年1月至3月初在中国新疆、西藏、云南、贵州以及不丹, 基于历史分布位点与当地居民观测记录, 采用直接计数法对黑颈鹤越冬分布及种群数量开展调查。结果表明: (1)青藏高原黑颈鹤越冬种群数量为11,812-11,895只, 云贵高原为5,577-5,715只, 综上目前全球黑颈鹤总数约为17,389-17,610只, 较2020年中国同步调查数据与不丹调查数据的总和增加了11.81%-13.23%; (2)新疆且末县吐拉牧场为新发现的黑颈鹤越冬地, 这一发现将黑颈鹤越冬地的北限从30° N拓展至37° N。基于本次调查及以往文献, 我们建议将黑颈鹤西藏越冬种群划分为日喀则越冬种群、拉萨-山南越冬种群和林芝越冬种群。

关键词: 黑颈鹤, 越冬, 种群分布, 种群数量, 青藏高原, 云贵高原

Abstract

Aims: Due to low densities and secretive breeding behavior on mating grounds, bird surveys in winter are important for assessing population trends. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) was downgraded from Vulnerable (VU) to the Near Threatened (NT) conservation status in 2020, yet the latest version of its population survey was in 2014, which may vary from the current population size. This study aims to investigate the black-necked crane’s population size and overwintering sites to provide important information for conservation.

Methods: Using the direct count method we surveyed the overwintering black-necked crane’s population size and location from January to March 2022 in Bhutan as well as in 4 provinces of China, namely Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou. In roost sites, we used drone imagery to count densely distributed populations. The location of observation sites and the survey routes were recorded by 2bulu (v7.1.9-1217). Both the distribution map of the overwintering black-necked crane and the roadmap of the survey were drawn in QGIS (v3.22.2).

Results: A total of 17,389-17,610 black-necked cranes were recorded in this survey, including 11,812-11,895 individuals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 5,577-5,715 in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A new overwintering site was found in Xinjiang.

Conclusion: This study provides the latest record of the black-necked crane’s population and overwinter distribution. We also put forward suggestions on dividing overwintering populations in Tibet into the Xigazê overwintering population, the Lhasa-Lhoka overwintering population, and the Nyingchi overwintering population. The results may provide basic data for further conservation and ecological research on the black-necked crane.

Key words: black-necked crane, wintering birds, population distribution, population number, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

陈嘉珈, 蒲真, 黄中鸿, 于凤琴, 张建军, 许东华, 徐俊泉, 尚鹏, 地里木拉提∙帕尔哈提, 李耀江, Jigme Tshering, 郭玉民 (2023) 全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量. 生物多样性, 31, 22400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022400.

Jiajia Chen, Zhen Pu, Zhonghong Huang, Fengqin Yu, Jianjun Zhang, Donghua Xu, Junquan Xu, Peng Shang, Dilimulati·Parhati, Yaojiang Li, Jigme Tshering, Yumin Guo (2023) Global distribution and number of overwintering black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). Biodiversity Science, 31, 22400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022400.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022400

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I6/22400

图/表 3

图1 中国黑颈鹤越冬分布调查路线图。(A)调查省份缩略图; (B)新疆且末县吐拉牧场调查路线; (C)云南及贵州调查路线; (D)西藏日喀则地区、拉萨地区及山南地区调查路线; (E)西藏林芝地区调查路线。

Fig. 1 Survey routes of distribution of the overwintering black-necked crane in China. (A) Provinces investigated in China; (B) Survey routes in Tula Ranch, Qiemo County, Xinjiang; (C) Survey routes in Yunnan and Guizhou; (D) Survey routes in Xigazê, Lhasa and Lhoka, Tibet; (E) Survey routes in Nyingchi, Tibet.

表1 2022年黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量调查记录表

Table 1 Record of the black-necked crane’s population and distribution in wintering grounds in 2022

行政区划 Administrative divisions	地点 Location	调查日期 Date of survey	数量 Number
中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	且末县吐拉牧场 Tula Ranch, Qiemo County	2022.1.4-2022.1.5	44
中国西藏 Tibet, China	日喀则市桑珠孜区 Samzhubze District, Xigazê	2022.1.14, 2022.1.16	1,120
	日喀则市南木林县 Namling County, Xigazê	2022.1.14-2022.1.15	2,301
	日喀则市谢通门县 Xaitongmoin County, Xigazê	2022.1.16-2022.1.17	243
	日喀则市萨迦县 Sa’gya County, Xigazê	2022.1.17	139
	日喀则市拉孜县 Lhazê County, Xigazê	2022.1.17-2022.1.20	2,386
	日喀则市昂仁县 Ngamring County, Xigazê	2022.1.18	379
	日喀则市聂拉木县 Nyalam County, Xigazê	2022.1.21	9
	日喀则市定日县 Dinggyê County, Xigazê	2022.1.21	462
	拉萨市达孜区 Dagzê District, Lhasa	2022.1.8, 2022.1.12	26
	拉萨市林周县 Lhünzhub County, Lhasa	2022.1.9-2022.1.12	2,938
	拉萨市墨竹工卡县 Maizhokunggar County, Lhasa	2022.1.12	406
	拉萨市曲水县 Qüxü County, Lhasa	2022.1.25	5
	山南市贡嘎县 Gonggar County, Lhoka	2022.1.25-2022.1.26	121
	山南市扎囊县 Zhanang County, Lhoka	2022.1.25-2022.1.26	42
	林芝市米林县 Mainling County, Nyingchi	2022.3.3-2022.3.9	107-190
	林芝市波密县 Bomi County, Nyingchi	2022.3.3-2022.3.6	65
	林芝市巴宜区 Bayi District, Nyingchi	2022.3.7-2022.3.9	277
	林芝市工布江达县 Gongbo’gyamda County, Nyingchi	2022.3.9-2022.3.11	143
中国贵州 Guizhou, China	威宁草海 Caohai Lake, Weining County	2022.2.12-2022.2.16	2,210-2,230
中国云南 Yunnan, China	昭通大山包 Dashanbao, Zhaotong	2022.2.16-2022.2.18	1,664-1,732
	永善茂林 Maolin, Yongshan County	2022.2.18-2022.2.19	221
	会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区 The Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve of Huize	2022.2.19-2022.2.25	1,006-1,056
	寻甸 Xundian County	2022.2.26	85
	纳帕海、普达措 Napa Lake and Podatso	2022.2.27	391
不丹旺度波德朗宗 Wangduephodrang, Bhutan	富吉-岗提格窝 Phobji-Gangtey	2022.1.1-2022.3.1	511
不丹旺度波德朗宗 Wangduephodrang, Bhutan	克特卡格窝 Khotokha		6
不丹布姆唐宗 Bumthang, Bhutan	楚美格窝 Chumey		7
不丹布姆唐宗 Bumthang, Bhutan	唐格窝 Tang		4
不丹扎西扬宗 Trashiyangtse, Bhutan	邦德林格窝 Bumdeling		70
不丹伦齐宗 Lhuentse, Bhutan	东嘎格窝 Dungkar		1

表1 2022年黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量调查记录表

Table 1 Record of the black-necked crane’s population and distribution in wintering grounds in 2022

行政区划 Administrative divisions	地点 Location	调查日期 Date of survey	数量 Number
中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	且末县吐拉牧场 Tula Ranch, Qiemo County	2022.1.4-2022.1.5	44
中国西藏 Tibet, China	日喀则市桑珠孜区 Samzhubze District, Xigazê	2022.1.14, 2022.1.16	1,120
	日喀则市南木林县 Namling County, Xigazê	2022.1.14-2022.1.15	2,301
	日喀则市谢通门县 Xaitongmoin County, Xigazê	2022.1.16-2022.1.17	243
	日喀则市萨迦县 Sa’gya County, Xigazê	2022.1.17	139
	日喀则市拉孜县 Lhazê County, Xigazê	2022.1.17-2022.1.20	2,386
	日喀则市昂仁县 Ngamring County, Xigazê	2022.1.18	379
	日喀则市聂拉木县 Nyalam County, Xigazê	2022.1.21	9
	日喀则市定日县 Dinggyê County, Xigazê	2022.1.21	462
	拉萨市达孜区 Dagzê District, Lhasa	2022.1.8, 2022.1.12	26
	拉萨市林周县 Lhünzhub County, Lhasa	2022.1.9-2022.1.12	2,938
	拉萨市墨竹工卡县 Maizhokunggar County, Lhasa	2022.1.12	406
	拉萨市曲水县 Qüxü County, Lhasa	2022.1.25	5
	山南市贡嘎县 Gonggar County, Lhoka	2022.1.25-2022.1.26	121
	山南市扎囊县 Zhanang County, Lhoka	2022.1.25-2022.1.26	42
	林芝市米林县 Mainling County, Nyingchi	2022.3.3-2022.3.9	107-190
	林芝市波密县 Bomi County, Nyingchi	2022.3.3-2022.3.6	65
	林芝市巴宜区 Bayi District, Nyingchi	2022.3.7-2022.3.9	277
	林芝市工布江达县 Gongbo’gyamda County, Nyingchi	2022.3.9-2022.3.11	143
中国贵州 Guizhou, China	威宁草海 Caohai Lake, Weining County	2022.2.12-2022.2.16	2,210-2,230
中国云南 Yunnan, China	昭通大山包 Dashanbao, Zhaotong	2022.2.16-2022.2.18	1,664-1,732
	永善茂林 Maolin, Yongshan County	2022.2.18-2022.2.19	221
	会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区 The Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve of Huize	2022.2.19-2022.2.25	1,006-1,056
	寻甸 Xundian County	2022.2.26	85
	纳帕海、普达措 Napa Lake and Podatso	2022.2.27	391
不丹旺度波德朗宗 Wangduephodrang, Bhutan	富吉-岗提格窝 Phobji-Gangtey	2022.1.1-2022.3.1	511
不丹旺度波德朗宗 Wangduephodrang, Bhutan	克特卡格窝 Khotokha		6
不丹布姆唐宗 Bumthang, Bhutan	楚美格窝 Chumey		7
不丹布姆唐宗 Bumthang, Bhutan	唐格窝 Tang		4
不丹扎西扬宗 Trashiyangtse, Bhutan	邦德林格窝 Bumdeling		70
不丹伦齐宗 Lhuentse, Bhutan	东嘎格窝 Dungkar		1

图2 中国黑颈鹤越冬分布图。(A)日喀则越冬种群分布图: 1: 昂仁县; 2: 谢通门县; 3: 南木林县; 4: 聂拉木县; 5: 定日县; 6: 萨迦县; 7: 拉孜县; 8: 桑珠孜区; (B)拉萨-山南越冬种群分布图: 9: 林周县; 10: 墨竹工卡县; 11: 达孜区; 12: 曲水县; 13: 贡嘎县; 14: 扎囊县; (C)林芝越冬种群分布图: 15: 工布江达县; 16: 波密县; 17: 巴宜区; 18: 米林县; (D)新疆越冬种群分布图: 且末县吐拉牧场; (E)云贵高原越冬种群分布图: 19: 香格里拉市; 20: 永善县; 21: 昭阳区; 22: 鲁甸县; 23: 巧家县; 24: 威宁彝族回族苗族自治县; 25: 会泽县; 26: 寻甸回族彝族自治县。

Fig. 2 Distribution of overwintering black-necked crane in China. (A) Distribution of Xigazê overwintering population: 1, Ngamring County; 2, Xaitongmoin County; 3, Namling County; 4, Nyalam County; 5, Dinggyê County; 6, Sa’gya County; 7, Lhazê County; 8, Samzhubze County; (B) Distribution of Lhasa-Lhoka overwintering population: 9, Lhünzhub County; 10, Maizhokunggar County; 11, Dagzê District; 12, Qüxü County; 13, Gonggar County; 14, Zhanang County; (C) Distribution of Nyingchi overwintering population: 15, Gongbo’gyamda County; 16, Bomi County; 17, Bayi District; 18, Mainling County; (D) Distribution of overwintering population in Tula Ranch, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; (E) Distribution of overwintering population in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: 19, Shangri-La City; 20, Yongshan County; 21, Zhaoyang District; 22, Ludian County; 23, Qiaojia County; 24, Weining Yi Hui and Miao Autonomous County; 25, Huize County; 26, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County.

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全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量

Global distribution and number of overwintering black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis)

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