生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297
• 研究报告:植物多样性 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2019-09-23
接受日期:
2019-11-29
出版日期:
2020-02-20
发布日期:
2020-04-02
通讯作者:
刘旻霞
基金资助:
Liu Minxia(),Li Quandi,Jiang Xiaoxuan,Xia Sujuan,Nan Xiaoning,Zhang Yaya,Li Bowen
Received:
2019-09-23
Accepted:
2019-11-29
Online:
2020-02-20
Published:
2020-04-02
Contact:
Liu Minxia
摘要:
稀有种不仅影响群落的物种多度分布格局, 同时也是α多样性的重要贡献者。本研究主要通过加性分配和Fortran软件的RAD程序包拟合的方法, 研究了甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向物种多样性及多度分布格局的变化, 分析了物种多度分布格局及其α多样性的变化特征, 确定了稀有种在物种多度分布格局中的相对贡献。结果表明: (1)在南坡到北坡的变化中, 环境因子差异比较明显, 其中, 土壤全磷、有机碳、速效磷、碳氮比及含水量呈递增趋势; 土壤氮磷比和pH值呈递减趋势; 土壤全氮在西坡显著低于其他坡向, 而速效氮在所有坡向上差异不显著。(2)稀有种对群落物种多样性的影响在南-北坡向梯度上依次增大, 去除稀有种的影响在各坡向均高于去除非稀有种, 可见, 稀有种在甘南亚高寒草甸物种多样性中的相对贡献高于非稀有种。(3)各坡向的稀有种资源获取模式以随机分配占领模式(random fraction模型)为主, 而非稀有种则以生态位优先占领模式(geometric series模型)为主。由于稀有种有较大的扩散率, 在物种多样性较高的生态系统中, 物种之间的生态位重叠会更加明显, 从而抑制物种多样性的增加, 因此能达到维持原有物种多样性的目的。
刘旻霞,李全弟,蒋晓轩,夏素娟,南笑宁,张娅娅,李博文 (2020) 甘南亚高寒草甸稀有种对物种多样性和物种多度分布格局的贡献. 生物多样性, 28, 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297.
Liu Minxia,Li Quandi,Jiang Xiaoxuan,Xia Sujuan,Nan Xiaoning,Zhang Yaya,Li Bowen (2020) Contribution of rare species to species diversity and species abundance distribution pattern in the Gannan subalpine meadow. Biodiversity Science, 28, 107-116. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019297.
坡向 Aspect | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
南坡 South (S) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 28.5 ± 1.7a | 3,001 |
西南坡 Southwest (SW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.0 ± 2.1a | 3,009 |
西坡 West (W) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.5 ± 2.1b | 3,006 |
西北坡 Northwest (NW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 22 ± 2.9c | 3,001 |
北坡 North (N) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 27.5 ± 3.3c | 3,000 |
表1 实验样地概况
Table 1 Overview of the experimental sample area
坡向 Aspect | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
南坡 South (S) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 28.5 ± 1.7a | 3,001 |
西南坡 Southwest (SW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.0 ± 2.1a | 3,009 |
西坡 West (W) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 29.5 ± 2.1b | 3,006 |
西北坡 Northwest (NW) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 22 ± 2.9c | 3,001 |
北坡 North (N) | 34°58° N | 102°51° E | 27.5 ± 3.3c | 3,000 |
图1 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向土壤环境因子的变化(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。不同小写字母代表有显著性差异。
Fig. 1 Soil environmental factors at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences.
图2 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向物种多样性指数的变化(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。不同小写字母代表有显著性差异。
Fig. 2 Species diversity indices at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences.
图3 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向稀有种和非稀有种对物种多样性的影响(平均值 ± 标准差)。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。
Fig. 3 Effects of rare species and non-rare species on species diversity at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow (mean ± SD). S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North.
坡向 Aspect | 拟合结果 Test result | 非稀有种 Non-rare species | 稀有种 Rare species | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | |||
南坡 South | R | 12.76 | 1.82 | 3.15 | - | 12.76 | 8.16 | 2.05 | 12.25 | - | 4.09 | |
Oc | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.15 | - | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 2.48 | - | 1.00 | ||
CL | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.80 | - | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.80 | - | 0.98 | ||
西南坡 Southwest | R | 54.85 | 10.89 | 5.85 | 6.07 | 91.27 | 44.10 | 220.37 | 26.85 | 28.96 | 41.14 | |
Oc | 4.66 | 0.12 | 5.62 | 2.81 | 6.22 | 11.64 | 6.64 | 7.67 | 11.51 | 11.64 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.875 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
西坡 West | R | 18.14 | 389.42 | 53.30 | 43.98 | 20.34 | 13.31 | 380.92 | 421.50 | 747.82 | 248.02 | |
Oc | 1.74 | 38.34 | 16.05 | 20.39 | 1.74 | 14.28 | 161.91 | 106.40 | 359.64 | 550.49 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.085 | ||
西北坡 Northwest | R | 42.42 | 156.01 | 32.16 | 36.91 | 45.74 | 154.73 | 154.72 | 106.31 | 235.95 | 22.59 | |
Oc | 4.30 | 17.57 | 15.14 | 14.29 | 4.39 | 60.32 | 34.02 | 34.03 | 106.63 | 4.00 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
北坡 North | R | 39.88 | 303.2 | 72.83 | 75.73 | 49.43 | 27.50 | 161.06 | 161.62 | 246.23 | 6.33 | |
Oc | 11.37 | 37.36 | 23.43 | 17.12 | 11.37 | 8.47 | 60.69 | 60.69 | 19.75 | 4.23 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
表2 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向稀有种和非稀有种的模型拟合
Table 2 Model fitting of rare species and non-rare species at different slope aspect in the Gannan subalpine meadow
坡向 Aspect | 拟合结果 Test result | 非稀有种 Non-rare species | 稀有种 Rare species | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | geo. | lser. | bro. | over. | rane. | |||
南坡 South | R | 12.76 | 1.82 | 3.15 | - | 12.76 | 8.16 | 2.05 | 12.25 | - | 4.09 | |
Oc | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.15 | - | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 2.48 | - | 1.00 | ||
CL | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.80 | - | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.80 | - | 0.98 | ||
西南坡 Southwest | R | 54.85 | 10.89 | 5.85 | 6.07 | 91.27 | 44.10 | 220.37 | 26.85 | 28.96 | 41.14 | |
Oc | 4.66 | 0.12 | 5.62 | 2.81 | 6.22 | 11.64 | 6.64 | 7.67 | 11.51 | 11.64 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.875 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
西坡 West | R | 18.14 | 389.42 | 53.30 | 43.98 | 20.34 | 13.31 | 380.92 | 421.50 | 747.82 | 248.02 | |
Oc | 1.74 | 38.34 | 16.05 | 20.39 | 1.74 | 14.28 | 161.91 | 106.40 | 359.64 | 550.49 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.085 | ||
西北坡 Northwest | R | 42.42 | 156.01 | 32.16 | 36.91 | 45.74 | 154.73 | 154.72 | 106.31 | 235.95 | 22.59 | |
Oc | 4.30 | 17.57 | 15.14 | 14.29 | 4.39 | 60.32 | 34.02 | 34.03 | 106.63 | 4.00 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
北坡 North | R | 39.88 | 303.2 | 72.83 | 75.73 | 49.43 | 27.50 | 161.06 | 161.62 | 246.23 | 6.33 | |
Oc | 11.37 | 37.36 | 23.43 | 17.12 | 11.37 | 8.47 | 60.69 | 60.69 | 19.75 | 4.23 | ||
CL | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
图4 甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向基于几何级数模型分别对稀有种(a)和非稀有种(b)的拟合。S: 南坡; SW: 西南坡; W: 西坡; NW: 西北坡; N: 北坡。
Fig. 4 Comparison of rare species (a) and non-rare species (b) based on geometric series fitting values at different slope aspects in the Gannan subalpine meadow. S, South; SW, Southwest; W, West; NW, Northwest; N, North.
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