青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力差异及其对保护成效的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2022419

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原是我国重要的生态屏障。自然保护区能有效地保护生态安全和生物多样性, 评估自然保护区管理能力对保护成效的影响有利于自然保护区的科学保护与管理。本研究分析了青藏高原54处国家级自然保护区管理机构类型、资金、人员配置等管理能力方面的差异, 并利用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)研究不同自然保护区的保护成效, 揭示青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力与保护成效的关系, 为提升青藏高原自然保护区保护和管理成效提供依据。结果表明: (1)青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理机构行政级别差异较大, 包括厅局级(1处)、县处级(36处)、乡科级(16处)和股级(1处) 4个级别, 其中独立管理机构42处, 与其他机构合署办公的非独立管理机构12处, 行政级别和独立性影响保护成效, 行政级别较高、独立的管理机构的自然保护区保护成效较好。(2)青藏高原国家级自然保护区在单位管理资金、人均管理面积与巡护面积等方面与全国平均水平差异较大, 且专业人才普遍缺乏。建议重点关注青藏高原地区自然保护区保护管理的特殊性, 规范管理机构建设, 加强资金保障, 推动更多高水平专业人才从事保护工作, 进一步加大生态管护岗位设置与培训, 切实提高青藏高原地区自然保护区管理能力和保护成效。

关键词: 自然保护区, 管理机构, 管理有效性, NDVI, 青藏高原

Abstract

Aims: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological barrier in China. Setting nature reserves in this area can effectively protect ecological security and biodiversity. Assessing the impact of nature reserve management capacity on conservation effectiveness may facilitate scientific conservation and management of nature reserves.

Methods:This study analyzed the differences in management capacity, funding and staffing of 54 national nature reserves in the Tibetan Plateau. We studied the conservation effectiveness of different nature reserves using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which revealed the relationship between management capacity and conservation effectiveness of national nature reserves. This provided a basis for optimizing the conservation and management of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau.

Results: (1) The management institutions responsible for the national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau varied greatly on the administrative level. In general, these institutions covered four hierarchies: bureau level, division level, section level and unit level. Among these institutions, 42 were independent management and 12 were non-independent management that were co-located with other institutions. The administrative level of the institution and whether it was an independent property affect the conservation effectiveness, and the higher administrative level and independent management institutions had better conservation effectiveness. (2) Nature reserves differed greatly from the national average in terms of unit management funds, per capita management area and patrol area, and there was a general lack of professional talents among staff.

Conclusion: We recommend focusing on the special characteristics of nature reserve protection and management in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, standardizing the construction of management institutions, and strengthening financial security. We also suggest promoting more high-level professionals to engage in conservation work, further increasing the capacity of ecological management positions, and effectively improving the management capacity and conservation effectiveness of nature reserves in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: nature reserves, management institutions, management effectiveness, NDVI, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

秦乐, 朱彦鹏, 任月恒, 李博炎, 付梦娣, 李俊生 (2022) 青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力差异及其对保护成效的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 22419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022419.

Le Qin, Yanpeng Zhu, Yueheng Ren, Boyan Li, Mengdi Fu, Junsheng Li (2022) Differences in management capacity of national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the impact on conservation effectiveness. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022419.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022419

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I11/22419

图/表 4

图1 青藏高原国家级自然保护区面积、数量逐年变化图

Fig. 1 Annual changes in area and quantity of national nature reserves in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

表1 青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理机构级别与数量

Table 1 Level and number of management institutions of national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

级别 Level	独立 Independent		非独立 Non-independent		总计 Sum
级别 Level	数量 Quantity	占比 Ratio	数量 Quantity	占比 Ratio	总计 Sum
厅局级 Bureau level	1	1.85%	0	0	1
县处级 Division level	32	59.26%	4	7.41%	36
乡科级 Section level	9	16.67%	7	12.96%	16
股级 Unit level	0	0	1	1.85%	1
总计 Sum	42	77.78%	12	22.22%	54

图2 不同属性管理机构的自然保护区NDVI差异。CD: 县处级及以上且独立的管理机构; CN: 县处级及以上且不独立的管理机构; KD: 乡科级及以下且独立的管理机构; KN: 乡科级及以下且不独立的管理机构; D: 独立的管理机构; N: 非独立的管理机构; C: 县处级及以上的管理机构; K: 乡科级及以下的管理机构。

Fig. 2 NDVI differences in nature reserves with different attribute management institutions. CD, Division level or above and independent; CN, Division level and above and non-independent; KD, Section level or below and independent; KN: Section level or below and non-independent; D, Independent management institutions; N, Non-independent management institutions; C, Division level or above management institutions; K: Section level or below management institutions.

图3 国家级自然保护区管理机构在管理现状上的差异

Fig. 3 Differences in the status of management institutions of national nature reserves

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