生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022419
收稿日期:
2022-07-22
接受日期:
2022-09-24
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-11-24
通讯作者:
朱彦鹏
作者简介:
E-mail: zhuyp@craes.org.cn基金资助:
Le Qin, Yanpeng Zhu(), Yueheng Ren, Boyan Li, Mengdi Fu, Junsheng Li
Received:
2022-07-22
Accepted:
2022-09-24
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-11-24
Contact:
Yanpeng Zhu
摘要:
青藏高原是我国重要的生态屏障。自然保护区能有效地保护生态安全和生物多样性, 评估自然保护区管理能力对保护成效的影响有利于自然保护区的科学保护与管理。本研究分析了青藏高原54处国家级自然保护区管理机构类型、资金、人员配置等管理能力方面的差异, 并利用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)研究不同自然保护区的保护成效, 揭示青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力与保护成效的关系, 为提升青藏高原自然保护区保护和管理成效提供依据。结果表明: (1)青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理机构行政级别差异较大, 包括厅局级(1处)、县处级(36处)、乡科级(16处)和股级(1处) 4个级别, 其中独立管理机构42处, 与其他机构合署办公的非独立管理机构12处, 行政级别和独立性影响保护成效, 行政级别较高、独立的管理机构的自然保护区保护成效较好。(2)青藏高原国家级自然保护区在单位管理资金、人均管理面积与巡护面积等方面与全国平均水平差异较大, 且专业人才普遍缺乏。建议重点关注青藏高原地区自然保护区保护管理的特殊性, 规范管理机构建设, 加强资金保障, 推动更多高水平专业人才从事保护工作, 进一步加大生态管护岗位设置与培训, 切实提高青藏高原地区自然保护区管理能力和保护成效。
秦乐, 朱彦鹏, 任月恒, 李博炎, 付梦娣, 李俊生 (2022) 青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力差异及其对保护成效的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 22419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022419.
Le Qin, Yanpeng Zhu, Yueheng Ren, Boyan Li, Mengdi Fu, Junsheng Li (2022) Differences in management capacity of national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the impact on conservation effectiveness. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022419.
级别 Level | 独立 Independent | 非独立 Non-independent | 总计 Sum | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Quantity | 占比 Ratio | 数量 Quantity | 占比 Ratio | ||
厅局级 Bureau level | 1 | 1.85% | 0 | 0 | 1 |
县处级 Division level | 32 | 59.26% | 4 | 7.41% | 36 |
乡科级 Section level | 9 | 16.67% | 7 | 12.96% | 16 |
股级 Unit level | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.85% | 1 |
总计 Sum | 42 | 77.78% | 12 | 22.22% | 54 |
表1 青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理机构级别与数量
Table 1 Level and number of management institutions of national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
级别 Level | 独立 Independent | 非独立 Non-independent | 总计 Sum | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Quantity | 占比 Ratio | 数量 Quantity | 占比 Ratio | ||
厅局级 Bureau level | 1 | 1.85% | 0 | 0 | 1 |
县处级 Division level | 32 | 59.26% | 4 | 7.41% | 36 |
乡科级 Section level | 9 | 16.67% | 7 | 12.96% | 16 |
股级 Unit level | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.85% | 1 |
总计 Sum | 42 | 77.78% | 12 | 22.22% | 54 |
图2 不同属性管理机构的自然保护区NDVI差异。CD: 县处级及以上且独立的管理机构; CN: 县处级及以上且不独立的管理机构; KD: 乡科级及以下且独立的管理机构; KN: 乡科级及以下且不独立的管理机构; D: 独立的管理机构; N: 非独立的管理机构; C: 县处级及以上的管理机构; K: 乡科级及以下的管理机构。
Fig. 2 NDVI differences in nature reserves with different attribute management institutions. CD, Division level or above and independent; CN, Division level and above and non-independent; KD, Section level or below and independent; KN: Section level or below and non-independent; D, Independent management institutions; N, Non-independent management institutions; C, Division level or above management institutions; K: Section level or below management institutions.
[1] | Beck PSA, Goetz SJ (2011) Satellite observations of high northern latitude vegetation productivity changes between 1982 and 2008: Ecological variability and regional differences. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 049501. |
[2] | Dähler NB, Holderegger R, Bergamini A (2019) Effectiveness of Swiss protected areas in maintaining populations of rare vascular plants. Journal for Nature Conservation, 52, 125749. |
[3] | Ervin J (2003) Protected area assessments in perspective. BioScience, 53, 819-822. |
[4] | Fu BJ, Ouyang ZY, Shi P, Fan J, Wang XD, Zheng H, Zhao WW, Wu F (2021) Current condition and protection strategies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological security barrier. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 36, 1298-1306. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[傅伯杰, 欧阳志云, 施鹏, 樊杰, 王小丹, 郑华, 赵文武, 吴飞 (2021) 青藏高原生态安全屏障状况与保护对策. 中国科学院院刊, 36, 1298-1306.] | |
[5] | Geldmann J, Barnes M, Coad L, Craigie ID, Hockings M, Burgess ND (2013) Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines. Biological Conservation, 161, 230-238. |
[6] | Gillespie TW, Ostermann-Kelm S, Dong CY, Willis KS, Okin GS, MacDonald GM (2018) Monitoring changes of NDVI in protected areas of southern California. Ecological Indicators, 88, 485-494. |
[7] | Gillingham PK, Bradbury RB, Roy DB, Anderson BJ, Baxter JM, Bourn NAD, Crick HQP, Findon RA, Fox R, Franco A, Hill JK, Hodgson JA, Holt AR, Morecroft MD, O’Hanlon NJ, Oliver TH, Pearce-Higgins JW, Procter DA, Thomas JA, Walker KJ, Walmsley CA, Wilson RJ, Thomas CD (2015) The effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of species with changing geographical ranges. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 707-717. |
[8] | Goodman PS (2003) Assessing management effectiveness and setting priorities in protected areas in KwaZulu-Natal. BioScience, 53, 843-850. |
[9] | Green JMH, Burgess ND, Green RE, Madoffe SS, Munishi PKT, Nashanda E, Turner RK, Balmford A (2012) Estimating management costs of protected areas: A novel approach from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Biological Conservation, 150, 5-14. |
[10] | Guo ZL, Zhu W, Lei YR, Ning Y, Wang YF (2020) Assessment methods for the protected area management effectiveness. World Forestry Research, 33(03), 13-19. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[郭子良, 祝伟, 雷茵茹, 宁宇, 王义飞 (2020) 自然保护地管理有效性评估方法综述. 世界林业研究, 33(03), 13-19.] | |
[11] | Hockings M (2000) Evaluating protected area management: A review of systems for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. School of Natural & Rural Systems. Occasional Paper Series, 7, 1-56. |
[12] | Hockings M, Stolton S, Leverington F, Dudley N, Courrau J (2006) Evaluating Effectiveness: A framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas, 2nd edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. |
[13] |
Huang L, Shao QQ, Liu JY (2019) Assessing the conservation effects of nature reserve networks under climate variability over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Ecological Indicators, 96, 163-173.
DOI |
[14] | Jiang WG, Yuan LH, Wang WJ, Cao R, Zhang YF, Shen WM (2015) Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation variation in the Yellow River Basin. Ecological Indicators, 51, 117-126. |
[15] | Julien Y, Sobrino JA (2021) Introducing the Time Series Change Visualization and Interpretation (TSCVI) method for the interpretation of global NDVI changes. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 96, 102268. |
[16] | Larson AM, Soto F (2008) Decentralization of natural resource governance regimes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33, 213-239. |
[17] | Lin JL, Liu XM, Lai TH, He BY (2020) Establishment and application of an evaluation system for the effectiveness of coastal wetland nature reserves management in Guangxi. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40, 1825-1833. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[林金兰, 刘昕明, 赖廷和, 何斌源 (2020) 广西滨海湿地类自然保护区管理成效评估体系构建及应用. 生态学报, 40, 1825-1833.] | |
[18] | Liu WJ, Bai J, Ma J, Song WM, Xu JL, Li Z (2011) Current status of management capability of nature reserves in China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 33(S2), 49-53. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[刘文敬, 白洁, 马静, 宋维明, 徐基良, 李忠 (2011) 中国自然保护区管理能力现状调查与分析. 北京林业大学学报, 33(S2), 49-53.] | |
[19] |
Ma KP (2016) On key issues and possible solutions related to nature reserve management in China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 249-251. (in Chinese)
DOI |
[马克平 (2016) 当前我国自然保护区管理中存在的问题与对策思考. 生物多样性, 24, 249-251.]
DOI |
|
[20] | Matas-Granados L, Pizarro M, Cayuela L, Domingo D, Gómez D, García MB (2022) Long-term monitoring of NDVI changes by remote sensing to assess the vulnerability of threatened plants. Biological Conservation, 265, 109428. |
[21] | Muñoz Brenes CL, Jones KW, Schlesinger P, Robalino J, Vierling L (2018) The impact of protected area governance and management capacity on ecosystem function in Central America. PLoS ONE, 13, e0205964. |
[22] | Naidoo R, Balmford A, Ferraro PJ, Polasky S, Ricketts TH, Rouget M (2006) Integrating economic costs into conservation planning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21, 681-687. |
[23] | Piao SL, Fang JY (2001) Dynamic vegetation cover change over the last 18 years in China. Quaternary Sciences, 21, 294-302. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[朴世龙, 方精云 (2001) 最近18年来中国植被覆盖的动态变化. 第四纪研究, 21, 294-302.] | |
[24] | Qiu C, Hu JM, Yang FL (2020) Analysis of conservation effectiveness of nature reserves based on NDVI in Yunnan Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40, 7312-7322. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[邱成, 胡金明, 杨飞龄 (2020) 基于NDVI的云南省自然保护区保护成效分析. 生态学报, 40, 7312-7322.] | |
[25] |
Quan J, Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Miao H (2009) Management effectiveness of China nature reserves: Status quo assessment and countermeasures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 1739-1746. (in Chinese with English abstract)
PMID |
[权佳, 欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 苗鸿 (2009) 中国自然保护区管理有效性的现状评价与对策. 应用生态学报, 20, 1739-1746.]
PMID |
|
[26] |
Quan J, Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Miao H (2010) Comparison and applications of methodologies for management effectiveness assessment of protected areas. Biodiversity Science, 18, 90-99. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[权佳, 欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 苗鸿 (2010) 自然保护区管理有效性评价方法的比较与应用. 生物多样性, 18, 90-99.]
DOI |
|
[27] |
Sun HL, Zheng D, Yao TD, Zhang YL (2012) Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 67, 3-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋, 张镱锂 (2012) 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设. 地理学报, 67, 3-12.]
DOI |
|
[28] | Sun XH, Cao YC, He XB, Wang RX, Zeng P, Li YP, Huang ZP, Xiao W (2022) Administrative level may be the key factor to improve protection effectiveness of nature reserves in China. Sustainability, 14, 4853. |
[29] | Supples C, Schulz T, Ervin J, Pague C, Sochi K (2006) Measuring the Potential Management Effectiveness of Conserved Areas in Colorado. The Nature Conservancy, Colorado. |
[30] | Wang CH (2019) Research progress and prospect of ecological protection and development in nature reserves. Forestry economics, 41(10), 3-9, 31. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[王昌海 (2019) 自然保护区生态保护与发展研究进展与展望. 林业经济, 41(10), 3-9, 31] | |
[31] |
Wang W, Xin LJ, Du JH, Chen B, Liu FZ, Zhang LB, Li JS (2016) Evaluating conservation effectiveness of protected areas: Advances and new perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1177-1188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[王伟, 辛利娟, 杜金鸿, 陈冰, 刘方正, 张立博, 李俊生 (2016) 自然保护地保护成效评估: 进展与展望. 生物多样性, 24, 1177-1188.]
DOI |
|
[32] | Wang XX, Wu J (2017) The level of financial input in nature reserves of China. Environmental Protection, 45(11), 53-57. (in Chinese) |
[王晓霞, 吴健 (2017) 中国自然保护区财政资金投入水平分析. 环境保护, 45(11), 53-57.] | |
[33] | Xia X, Wang Z, Xu WG, Zhang HN, Zhou DQ, Jiang MK (2016) Problems in construction of management system of nature reserves in China and countermeasures. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 32, 30-34. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[夏欣, 王智, 徐网谷, 张昊楠, 周大庆, 蒋明康 (2016) 中国自然保护区管理机构建设面临的问题与对策探讨. 生态与农村环境学报, 32, 30-34.] | |
[34] | Xu WH, Xiao Y, Zhang JJ, Yang W, Zhang L, Hull V, Wang Z, Zheng H, Liu JG, Polasky S, Jiang L, Xiao Y, Shi XW, Rao EM, Lu F, Wang XK, Daily GC, Ouyang ZY (2017) Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 114, 1601-1606. |
[35] | Yang HT, Xu HQ (2020) Assessing fractional vegetation cover changes and ecological quality of the Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve based on remote sensing spatial information. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 533-542. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[杨绘婷, 徐涵秋 (2020) 基于遥感空间信息的武夷山国家级自然保护区植被覆盖度变化与生态质量评估. 应用生态学报, 31, 533-542.]
DOI |
|
[36] | Yang Z, Wu J (2019) Conservation cost of China's nature reserves and its regional distribution. Journal of Natural Resources, 34, 839-852. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[杨喆, 吴健 (2019) 中国自然保护区的保护成本及其区域分布. 自然资源学报, 34, 839-852.] | |
[37] | Zhang XY, Li SS, Yu H (2022) Analysis on the ecosystem service protection effect of national nature reserve in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from weight perspective. Ecological Indicators, 142, 109225. |
[38] | Zhang YL, Wu X, Qi W, Li SC, Bai WQ (2015) Characteristics and protection effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Resources Science, 37, 1455-1464. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[张镱锂, 吴雪, 祁威, 李士成, 摆万奇 (2015) 青藏高原自然保护区特征与保护成效简析. 资源科学, 37, 1455-1464.] | |
[39] | Zhao SQ, Zhao X, Zhao JC, Liu NJ, Sun MM, Mu BH, Sun N, Guo YK (2022) Grassland conservation effectiveness of national nature reserves in Northern China. Remote Sensing, 14, 1760. |
[40] |
Zhao X, Zhu ZY, Lu Z, Xiao LY, Mei S, Wang H (2018) An observation to the new initiative of community conservation guard posts in the pilot Three-River-Source National Park. Biodiversity Science, 26, 210-216. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[赵翔, 朱子云, 吕植, 肖凌云, 梅索南措, 王昊 (2018) 社区为主体的保护: 对三江源国家公园生态管护公益岗位的思考. 生物多样性, 26, 210-216.]
DOI |
[1] | 金彦君 赵龙辉 覃远玉 汪继超. 海南国家公园霸王岭片区无尾两栖类鸣声多样性: 基于自动录音技术[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(1): 22360-. |
[2] | 胡远芳, 李斌强, 梁丹, 李兴权, 刘兰香, 杨家伟, 罗旭. 人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(8): 21484-. |
[3] | 王健铭, 曲梦君, 王寅, 冯益明, 吴波, 卢琦, 何念鹏, 李景文. 青藏高原北部戈壁植物群落物种、功能与系统发育β多样性分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(6): 21503-. |
[4] | 赵仁生, 许诗嘉, 宋鹏飞, 周翔, 张亚洲, 袁燕. 青藏高原药用植物分布格局及保护优先区[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 21385-. |
[5] | 沈国平, 韩睿, 缪增强, 邢江娃, 李永臻, 王嵘, 朱德锐. 青藏高原4类典型水化学特征湖泊的细菌多样性差异及影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 21420-. |
[6] | 李海萍, 徐竹青, 龙志航. 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物保护空缺分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(2): 21294-. |
[7] | 王伟, 周越, 田瑜, 李俊生. 自然保护地生物多样性保护研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(10): 22459-. |
[8] | 邢诗晨, 唐录艳, 戴尊, 涂淑雯, 陈星, 张建行, 李宏庆, 彭涛, 王健. 安徽石台县与青阳县苔藓植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(1): 21186-. |
[9] | 梁聪, 刘衎, 王小东, 黎树, 吴波, 向朋, 宋昭彬. 四川诺水河珍稀水生动物国家级自然保护区鱼类资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(7): 938-949. |
[10] | 张丛林, 褚梦真, 张慧智, 乔海娟, 黄宝荣. 青藏高原国家公园群游憩可持续性管理评估指标体系[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(6): 780-789. |
[11] | 姬云瑞, 陶义, 李昌林, 李迪强, 赵定, 刘芳. 利用红外相机调查四川雪宝顶国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(6): 805-810. |
[12] | 郭朝丹, 朱金方, 柳晓燕, 赵彩云, 李俊生. 贵州典型自然保护区内外外来入侵草本植物的比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(5): 596-604. |
[13] | 易祖盛, 黄元骏, 易晖, 张新旺, 李文俊. 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区大型底栖动物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(5): 680-687. |
[14] | 黄凯, 万雅琼, 李佳琦, 朱宇静, 孙治宇, 夏万才, 黎大勇, 任宝平. 四川白河国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(4): 554-559. |
[15] | 冯斌, 李迪强, 张于光, 薛亚东. 基于爱知生物多样性目标11的我国自然保护地管理有效性评估进展与分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 150-159. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
备案号:京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编:100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn