生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 638-646. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017060
周秋杰1, 蔡亚城1, 黄伟伦1, 吴伟1, 代色平2, 王峰3, 周仁超1,*()
收稿日期:
2017-02-27
接受日期:
2017-04-12
出版日期:
2017-06-20
发布日期:
2017-07-10
通讯作者:
周仁超
基金资助:
Qiujie Zhou1, Yacheng Cai1, Wei Lun Ng1, Wei Wu1, Seping Dai2, Feng Wang3, Renchao Zhou1,*()
Received:
2017-02-27
Accepted:
2017-04-12
Online:
2017-06-20
Published:
2017-07-10
Contact:
Zhou Renchao
摘要:
自然杂交既可以在物种形成、遗传交换和适应性进化方面发挥重要作用, 也可以造成稀有种的下降甚至灭绝以及超级入侵种的产生。涉及到稀有种的自然杂交研究可以为稀有种的保护提供重要的信息。紫毛野牡丹(Melastoma penicillatum)和枝毛野牡丹(M. dendrisetosum)是野牡丹属的两个海南特有种, 其中枝毛野牡丹已处于濒危状态。我们的野外调查和形态观察发现, 海南吊罗山存在紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹(M. candidum)以及枝毛野牡丹和毛菍(M. sanguineum)的嫌疑杂种个体。本研究测定并分析了这些嫌疑杂种及其嫌疑亲本的4个核基因和5个叶绿体基因间隔区序列, 发现嫌疑杂种个体在嫌疑亲本物种的固定替换位点上均为嫌疑亲本物种碱基的杂合状态, 单倍型网络分析表明所有嫌疑杂种个体在每个核基因上均具有来自两个嫌疑亲本的等位基因, 证实了紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹, 以及枝毛野牡丹和毛菍之间确实存在自然杂交。另外, 相对于其他野牡丹属物种, 枝毛野牡丹具有极低的遗传多样性。因为紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹、枝毛野牡丹和毛菍之间均存在很强的生态隔离, 所以因公路修建而造成的生境干扰可能造成了这两个杂交事件的发生。因此避免生境干扰是保护这两个海南特有种最关键的手段。除此之外, 在实验室条件下进行种子萌发或枝条扦插繁殖, 然后将幼苗种植到合适生境中是扩大种群的另一个可行方法。
周秋杰, 蔡亚城, 黄伟伦, 吴伟, 代色平, 王峰, 周仁超 (2017) 野牡丹属两个海南特有种与同属广布种自然杂交的分子证据. 生物多样性, 25, 638-646. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017060.
Qiujie Zhou, Yacheng Cai, Wei Lun Ng, Wei Wu, Seping Dai, Feng Wang, Renchao Zhou (2017) Molecular evidence for natural hybridization between two Melastoma species endemic to Hainan and their widespread congeners. Biodiversity Science, 25, 638-646. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017060.
图1 紫毛野牡丹、野牡丹及其嫌疑杂种的部分形态学特征。A: 紫毛野牡丹; B: 紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种; C: 野牡丹; D、E、F分别为紫毛野牡丹、嫌疑杂种和野牡丹的果。
Fig. 1 Morphological comparison between Melastoma penicillatum, M. candidum and their putative hybrid. (A) M. penicillatum, (B) putative hybrid, (C) M. candidum. Fruits of M. penicillatum (D), putative hybrid (E) and M. candidum (F).
图2 枝毛野牡丹、毛菍及其嫌疑杂种的部分形态学特征。A、B、C分别为枝毛野牡丹、嫌疑杂种和毛菍的果。D、E从左到右分别为枝毛野牡丹(左)、嫌疑杂种(中)和毛菍(右)的叶和幼枝。
Fig. 2 Morphological comparison between Melastoma dendrisetosum, M. sanguineum and their putative hybrid. Fruits of M. dendrisetosum (A), putative hybrid (B) and M. sanguineum (C). D, Leaves of M. dendrisetosum (left), putative hybrid (middle) and M. sanguineum (right). E, Young twigs of M. dendrisetosum (left), putative hybrid (middle) and M. sanguineum (right).
类群 Taxon | 采样地点 Location | 个体数量 Sample size |
---|---|---|
野牡丹 M. candidum (Cf) | 福建龙海 Longhai, Fujian | 19 |
野牡丹 M. candidum (Ch) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
毛菍 M. sanguineum (S) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
紫毛野牡丹 M. penicillatum (P) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
枝毛野牡丹 M. dendrisetosum (D) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
紫毛野牡丹与野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between P and C | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 1 |
枝毛野牡丹与毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between D and S | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 4 |
表1 4个野牡丹属物种和2个嫌疑杂种的采样信息
Table 1 Sampling details of four species of Melastoma and two putative hybrids used in this study
类群 Taxon | 采样地点 Location | 个体数量 Sample size |
---|---|---|
野牡丹 M. candidum (Cf) | 福建龙海 Longhai, Fujian | 19 |
野牡丹 M. candidum (Ch) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
毛菍 M. sanguineum (S) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
紫毛野牡丹 M. penicillatum (P) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
枝毛野牡丹 M. dendrisetosum (D) | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 20 |
紫毛野牡丹与野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between P and C | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 1 |
枝毛野牡丹与毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between D and S | 海南吊罗山 Diaoluoshan, Hainan | 4 |
类群 Taxon | cam | tpi | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
292 | 244 | 204 | 225 | 258 | 272 | 315 | 340 | 568 | |
野牡丹 Melastoma candidum (C) | A | G | T | T | T | G | A | T | C |
紫毛野牡丹 M. penicillatum (P) | G | A | A | C | C | A | G | C | T |
紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between P and C | R | R | W | Y | Y | R | R | Y | Y |
表2 紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹在cam和tpi基因上的固定变异位点及其嫌疑杂种在这些位点上的碱基组成(R = A + G; Y = C + T; W = T + A)
Table 2 The base composition of the differentially fixed sites at the cam and tpi genes between Melastoma penicillatum and M. candidum in their putative hybrid (R = A + G; Y = C + T; W = T + A)
类群 Taxon | cam | tpi | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
292 | 244 | 204 | 225 | 258 | 272 | 315 | 340 | 568 | |
野牡丹 Melastoma candidum (C) | A | G | T | T | T | G | A | T | C |
紫毛野牡丹 M. penicillatum (P) | G | A | A | C | C | A | G | C | T |
紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between P and C | R | R | W | Y | Y | R | R | Y | Y |
类群 Taxon | cam | chi | gbss | tpi | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
190 | 329 | 661 | 79 | 258 | 315 | 414 | 80 | 240 | 286 | |
毛菍 M. sanguineum (S) | T | C | G | C | A | G | G | G | T | A |
枝毛野牡丹 M. dendrisetosum (D) | C | T | A | T | C | A | C | A | C | T |
枝毛野牡丹和毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between D and S | Y | Y | R | Y | M | R | S | R | Y | W |
表3 枝毛野牡丹和毛菍在4个基因上的固定变异位点及其嫌疑杂种在这些位点上的碱基组成(R = A + G; Y = C + T; W = T + A; M = A + C; S = C + G)
Table 3 The base composition of the differentially fixed sites at the four nuclear genes between Melastoma dendrisetosum and M. sanguineum in their putative hybrid (R = A + G; Y = C + T; W = T + A; M = A + C; S = C + G)
类群 Taxon | cam | chi | gbss | tpi | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
190 | 329 | 661 | 79 | 258 | 315 | 414 | 80 | 240 | 286 | |
毛菍 M. sanguineum (S) | T | C | G | C | A | G | G | G | T | A |
枝毛野牡丹 M. dendrisetosum (D) | C | T | A | T | C | A | C | A | C | T |
枝毛野牡丹和毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid between D and S | Y | Y | R | Y | M | R | S | R | Y | W |
图3 4个野牡丹属物种及2个嫌疑杂种在4个核基因上的单倍型网络图。A、B、C、D分别为tpi、gbss、chi和cam基因的单倍型网络图。两个单倍型之间的连线上的数字代表突变步骤, 未标出数字的均表示一个突变步骤。黑色小圆圈代表未取样到的单倍型或假设的单倍型。
Fig. 3 Median-joining networks of tpi (A), gbss (B), chi (C) and cam (D) genes of the four Melastoma species and the two putative hybrids. The numbers around the connecting lines between haplotypes represent the number of mutational steps between them, while those without numbers represent only one mutational step. Small black circles represent hypothetical or unsampled haplotypes.
类群 Taxon | 个体编号 Sample ID | tpi | cam | chi | gbss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid (PC) | PC | PC1PC2 | PC1PC2 | PC1PC2 | PC1 PC2 |
枝毛野牡丹和毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid (DS) | DS_1 | DS1DS2 | DS1DS4 | DS1 DS2 | DS1DS2 |
DS_2 | DS1DS3 | DS2DS4 | DS1DS3 | DS3DS4 | |
DS_3 | DS1DS4 | DS3DS5 | DS3DS4 | DS1DS2 | |
DS_4 | DS1DS5 | DS2DS4 | DS1DS3 | DS1DS5 |
表4 野牡丹属2个嫌疑杂种个体在4个核基因上的基因型。PC为紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种个体; DS_1-DS_4为枝毛野牡丹和毛菍的4个嫌疑杂种个体。单下划线、双下划线、波浪线和虚线分别代表与野牡丹、紫毛野牡丹、毛菍和枝毛野牡丹共享该单倍型。单倍型命名同图3。
Table 4 Genotypes of two putative hybrids of Melastoma at four nuclear genes (tpi, cam, chi and gbss). Haplotypes with single, double, wavy, or dotted underlines have identical sequences with those of M. candidum, M. penicillatum, M. sanguineum, and M. dendrisetosum, respectively. Haplotypes without underline are unique to the putative hybrids.
类群 Taxon | 个体编号 Sample ID | tpi | cam | chi | gbss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫毛野牡丹和野牡丹的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid (PC) | PC | PC1PC2 | PC1PC2 | PC1PC2 | PC1 PC2 |
枝毛野牡丹和毛菍的嫌疑杂种 Putative hybrid (DS) | DS_1 | DS1DS2 | DS1DS4 | DS1 DS2 | DS1DS2 |
DS_2 | DS1DS3 | DS2DS4 | DS1DS3 | DS3DS4 | |
DS_3 | DS1DS4 | DS3DS5 | DS3DS4 | DS1DS2 | |
DS_4 | DS1DS5 | DS2DS4 | DS1DS3 | DS1DS5 |
[1] | Abbott R, Albach D, Ansell S, Arntzen JW, Baird SJE, Bierne N, Boughman J, Brelsford A, Buerkle CA, Buggs R, Dieckmann U, Eroukhmanoff F, Grill A, Cahan SH, Hermansen JS, Hewitt G, Hudson AG, Jiggins C, Jones J, Keller B, Marczewski T, Mallet J, Martinez-Rodriguez P, Möst M, Mullen S, Nichols R, Nolte AW, Parisod C, Pfennig K, Rice AM, Ritchie MG, Seifert B, Smadja CM, Stelkens R, Szymura JM, Väinölä R, Wolf JBW, Zinner D, Butlin RK (2013) Hybridization and speciation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 26, 229-246. |
[2] | Arnold ML (1997) xNatural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford. |
[3] | Arnold ML (2006) Evolution Through Genetic Exchange. Oxford University Press, Oxford. |
[4] | Arnold ML, Martin NH (2009) Adaptation by introgression. Journal of Biology, 8, 82. |
[5] | Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16, 37-48. |
[6] | Chao LF, Chen YY, Wang SQ, Liu T, Wu W, Dai SP, Wang F, Fan Q, Shi SH, Zhou RC (2014) One species or two? Multilocus analysis of nucleotide variation of Melastoma penicillatum and Melastoma sanguineum (Melastomataceae) in Hainan, China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 55, 275-282. |
[7] | Chen J, Renner SS (2007) Melastomataceae. In: Flora of China (ed. Editorial Committee of Flora of China), Vol. 13, pp. 360-399. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis. |
[8] | Chen J (1983) A study of Melastoma (Melastomataceae) in China. Journal of South China Agricultural College, 4(1), 31-36. |
(in Chinese) [陈介 (1983) 中国野牡丹科野牡丹属植物的研究. 华南农学院学报, 4(1), 31-36.] | |
[9] | Chen J (1984) Melastomataceae. In: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (ed. Editorial Committee of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Tomus, 53(1), pp. 152-161. Science Press, Beijing. |
(in Chinese) [陈介 (1984) 野牡丹科. 见: 中国植物志 (中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编), 53(1), 152-161. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[10] | Dai SP, Wu W, Zhang RS, Liu T, Chen YY, Shi SH, Zhou RC (2012) Molecular evidence for hybrid origin of Melastoma intermedium. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 41, 136-141. |
[11] | Doyle JJ (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19, 11-15. |
[12] | Grant PR, Grant BR (2014) Speciation undone. Nature, 507, 178-179. |
[13] | Gross CL (1993) The breeding system and pollinators of Melastoma affine (Melastomataceae): a pioneer shrub in tropical Australia. Biotropica, 25, 468-474. |
[14] | Huxel GR (1999) Rapid displacement of native species by invasive species: effects of hybridization. Biological Conservation, 89, 143-152. |
[15] | Librado P, Rozas J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25, 1451-1452. |
[16] | Liu T, Chen YY, Chao LF, Wang SQ, Wu W, Dai SP, Wang F, Fan Q, Zhou RC (2014) Extensive hybridization and introgression between Melastoma candidum and M. sanguineum. PLoS ONE, 9, e96680. |
[17] | Lu GH, Wu WH, Wang RZ, Li XL, Wang YQ (2009) Division of labor of heteromorphic stamens in Melastoma malabathricum. Biodiversity Science, 17, 174-181. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[路国辉, 武文华, 王瑞珍, 李新亮, 王英强 (2009) 野牡丹异型雄蕊的功能分化. 生物多样性, 17, 174-181.] | |
[18] | Luo ZL, Zhang DX (2005) A review of heteranthery in flowering plants. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 13, 536-542. |
[19] | Luo ZL, Zhang DX, Renner SS (2008) Why two kinds of stamens in buzz-pollinated flowers? Experimental support for Darwin’s division-of-labour hypothesis. Functional Ecology, 22, 794-800. |
[20] | Luo ZL, Gu L, Zhang DX (2009) Intrafloral differentiation of stamens in heterantherous flowers. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47, 43-56. |
[21] | Mallet J (2005) Hybridization as an invasion of the genome. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 229-237. |
[22] | Meyer K (2001) Revision of the Southeast Asian genus Melastoma. Blumea, 46, 351-398. |
[23] | Moody ML, Les DH (2002) Evidence of hybridity in invasive watermilfoil (Myriophyllum) populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 99, 14867-14871. |
[24] | Peng DH, Lan SR, Wu SS (2014) Pollination biology and breeding system of Melastoma dendrisetosum. Forest Research, 27(1), 11-16. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[彭东辉, 兰思仁, 吴沙沙 (2014) 中国特有种枝毛野牡丹传粉生物学及繁育系统研究. 林业科学研究, 27(1), 11-16.] | |
[25] | Renner SS, Meyer K (2001) Melastomeae come full circle: biogeographic reconstruction and molecular clock dating. Evolution, 55, 1315-1324. |
[26] | Rhymer JM, Simberloff D (1996) Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27, 83-109. |
[27] | Rieseberg LH (1997) Hybrid origins of plant species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 359-389. |
[28] | Strand AE, Leebens-Mack J, Milligan BG (1997) Nuclear DNA-based markers for plant evolutionary biology. Molecular Ecology, 6, 113-118. |
[29] | Taberlet P, Gielly L, Pautou G, Bouvet J (1991) Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Molecular Biology, 17, 1105-1109. |
[30] | Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 4876-4882. |
[31] | Todesco M, Pascual MA, Owens GL, Ostevik KL, Moyers BT, Hübner S, Heredia SM, Hahn MA, Caseys C, Bock DG, Rieseberg LH (2016) Hybridization and extinction. Evolutionary Applications, 9, 892-908. |
[32] | Wolf DE, Takebayashi N, Rieseberg LH (2001) Predicting the risk of extinction through hybridization. Conservation Biology, 15, 1039-1053. |
[1] | 钟超, 廖亚琴, 刘伟杰, 隋昊志, 陈清华. 广东沿海海草床的现状、面临的威胁与保护建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23201-. |
[2] | 所翟, 俞渃茜, 李媛辉, 徐基良. 基于实证分析的中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23287-. |
[3] | 杜宇晨, 刘蓓萌, 陈俊峰, 王浩, 谢屹. 基于结构方程模型的农户保护意愿影响因素分析:以东北虎豹国家公园珲春片区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23155-. |
[4] | 刘彩莲, 张雄, 樊恩源, 王松林, 姜艳, 林柏岸, 房璐, 李玉强, 刘乐彬, 刘敏. 中国海域海马的物种多样性、生态特征及保护建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23282-. |
[5] | 韩丽霞, 王永健, 刘宣. 外来物种入侵与本土物种分布区扩张的异同[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23396-. |
[6] | 任海, 何拓, 文世峰, 董晖. 中国特色、世界一流国家植物园的主要特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23192-. |
[7] | 文世峰, 周志华, 何拓, 董晖, 袁良琛, 卢泽洋, 王泳腾, 郭琳, 舒江平, 李开凡. 《国家植物园体系布局方案》编制背景、程序、思路和重点考虑[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23193-. |
[8] | 冯晨, 张洁, 黄宏文. 统筹植物就地保护与迁地保护的解决方案: 植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23184-. |
[9] | 崔国发. 关于自然保护地整合优化工作中几个关键问题的讨论与建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 22447-. |
[10] | 朱建国, 王林, 任国鹏. 《国家重点保护野生动物名录》调整的评估方法探讨[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23045-. |
[11] | 钟欣艺, 赵凡, 姚雪, 吴雨茹, 许银, 鱼舜尧, 林静芸, 郝建锋. 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23169-. |
[12] | 杜红. “物种”与“个体”: 究竟谁是生物多样性保护的恰当对象?[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23140-. |
[13] | 廖美哲, 张宗文, 白可喻. 中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23017-. |
[14] | 邢超, 林依, 周智强, 赵联军, 蒋仕伟, 林蓁蓁, 徐基良, 詹祥江. 基于DNA条形码技术构建王朗国家级自然保护区陆生脊椎动物遗传资源数据库及物种鉴定[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 22661-. |
[15] | 苏荣菲, 陈睿山, 郭晓娜. 城市社区更新中生物多样性的保护策略: 以上海市长宁区生境花园为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23118-. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
备案号:京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编:100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn