三江源国家公园功能分区与目标管理

doi:10.17520/biods.2016098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

功能分区是国家公园总体规划和科学管理的重要环节。本研究以三江源国家公园黄河源园区为研究对象, 在综合分析区域生态环境基本特征的基础上, 选择生态系统服务、重要物种潜在生境、生态敏感性、生态压力4大类13项评价指标, 构建了国家公园功能分区评价指标体系, 运用层次分析法(AHP)和专家打分法, 结合管控目标需求, 将黄河源园区划分为核心保育区、生态保育修复区、传统利用区、居住和游憩服务区4个功能区, 保护程度依次降低, 利用程度及公众可进入性依次增强。该功能分区不仅可为三江源国家公园合理规划打下理论基础, 同时也对同类型的国家公园具有可借鉴性。

关键词: 国家公园, 三江源, 功能分区, 指标体系, 管控措施

Abstract

Functional zones are the key link for the master planning and scientific management of national parks. We established an evaluation index system to comprehensively analyze regional ecological and environmental features in our study area, the source region of the Yellow River in the Sanjiangyuan National Park. The evaluation index system contains 13 evaluation indices, which include ecosystem services, potential habitat for key species, ecological sensitivity, and ecological pressure classes. By using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and experts marking methods and combining the requirements of management and control measures, the study area was divided into four primary functional zones, including a core reserve area, ecological restoration area, traditional utilization area, and residential and recreational service area. The protection gradation for each zone is reduced in turn, and the gradation of utilization and public accessibility is enhanced. This functional zones method laid a solid foundation for the effective planning of Sanjiangyuan National Park, while at the same time, our study provides new insight into the functional zones of national parks.

Key words: national park, Sanjiangyuan, functional zone, index system, control measures

付梦娣, 田俊量, 朱彦鹏, 田瑜, 赵志平, 李俊生 (2017) 三江源国家公园功能分区与目标管理. 生物多样性, 25, 71-79. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016098.

Mengdi Fu, Junliang Tian, Yanpeng Zhu, Yu Tian, Zhiping Zhao, Junsheng Li (2017) Identification of functional zones and methods of target management in Sanjiangyuan National Park. Biodiversity Science, 25, 71-79. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016098.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016098

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I1/71

图/表 5

参考文献 28

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指标类 Category	权重 Weight	指标项 Indicator	权重 Weight
生态系统服务 Ecosystem services	0.35	固碳 Carbon sequestration	0.18
		水源涵养 Water conservation	0.51
		土壤保持 Soil conservation	0.31
重要物种潜在生境 Potential habitat of important species	0.30	有蹄类潜在分布 Potential distribution of ungulates	0.47
		鸟类潜在分布 Potential distribution of birds	0.37
		鱼类潜在分布 Potential distribution of fish	0.16
生态敏感性 Ecological sensitivity	0.20	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage	0.36
		河流湖泊 Rivers and lakes	0.29
		地形地貌 Topography	0.14
		土壤侵蚀强度 Soil erosion intensity	0.12
		气候变化指数 Climatic change index	0.09
生态压力 Ecological pressure	0.15	人口密度 Population density	0.50
生态压力 Ecological pressure	0.15	牲畜密度 Livestock density	0.50

指标类 Category	权重 Weight	指标项 Indicator	权重 Weight
生态系统服务 Ecosystem services	0.35	固碳 Carbon sequestration	0.18
		水源涵养 Water conservation	0.51
		土壤保持 Soil conservation	0.31
重要物种潜在生境 Potential habitat of important species	0.30	有蹄类潜在分布 Potential distribution of ungulates	0.47
		鸟类潜在分布 Potential distribution of birds	0.37
		鱼类潜在分布 Potential distribution of fish	0.16
生态敏感性 Ecological sensitivity	0.20	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage	0.36
		河流湖泊 Rivers and lakes	0.29
		地形地貌 Topography	0.14
		土壤侵蚀强度 Soil erosion intensity	0.12
		气候变化指数 Climatic change index	0.09
生态压力 Ecological pressure	0.15	人口密度 Population density	0.50
生态压力 Ecological pressure	0.15	牲畜密度 Livestock density	0.50

指标项 Indicator	一般 General	较重要 Relatively important	重要 Important	极重要 Very important
固碳 Carbon sequestration (g_C/m²)	<60	60-120	120-180	>180
水源涵养 Water conservation (mm)	<200	200-300	300-400	>400
土壤保持 Soil conservation (t/ha)	0-50	50-200	200-400	>400
有蹄类潜在分布 Potential distribution of ungulates	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
鸟类潜在分布 Potential distribution of birds	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
鱼类潜在分布 Potential distribution of fish	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	<30	30-45	45-60	>60
河流湖泊 Rivers and lakes	其他区域 Other regions	河流100 m缓冲区 River 100 m buffer	河流50 m缓冲区 River 50 m buffer	河流、湖泊、湿地 Rivers, lakes and wetlands
地形地貌 Topography	–	冲湖积平原 Alluvial lacustrine plain	–	高原极高山 Plateau and extremely high mountains
土壤侵蚀强度 Soil erosion intensity	微度侵蚀 Mired erosion	轻度侵蚀 Mild erosion	中度侵蚀 Medium erosion	强烈侵蚀 Strong erosion
气候变化指数 Climatic change index	<2.5	2.5-3.0	3.0-3.5	>3.5
人口密度 Population density (人/km²)	0-0.25	0.25-0.5	0.5-0.75	0.75-1.0
牲畜密度 Livestock density (头/km²)	0-15	15-30	30-45	45-60
分级赋值 Classification assignment	1	2	3	4

指标项 Indicator	一般 General	较重要 Relatively important	重要 Important	极重要 Very important
固碳 Carbon sequestration (g_C/m²)	<60	60-120	120-180	>180
水源涵养 Water conservation (mm)	<200	200-300	300-400	>400
土壤保持 Soil conservation (t/ha)	0-50	50-200	200-400	>400
有蹄类潜在分布 Potential distribution of ungulates	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
鸟类潜在分布 Potential distribution of birds	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
鱼类潜在分布 Potential distribution of fish	不适宜 Unsuitable	较不适宜 Less suitable	适宜 Suitable	最适宜 Most suitable
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	<30	30-45	45-60	>60
河流湖泊 Rivers and lakes	其他区域 Other regions	河流100 m缓冲区 River 100 m buffer	河流50 m缓冲区 River 50 m buffer	河流、湖泊、湿地 Rivers, lakes and wetlands
地形地貌 Topography	–	冲湖积平原 Alluvial lacustrine plain	–	高原极高山 Plateau and extremely high mountains
土壤侵蚀强度 Soil erosion intensity	微度侵蚀 Mired erosion	轻度侵蚀 Mild erosion	中度侵蚀 Medium erosion	强烈侵蚀 Strong erosion
气候变化指数 Climatic change index	<2.5	2.5-3.0	3.0-3.5	>3.5
人口密度 Population density (人/km²)	0-0.25	0.25-0.5	0.5-0.75	0.75-1.0
牲畜密度 Livestock density (头/km²)	0-15	15-30	30-45	45-60
分级赋值 Classification assignment	1	2	3	4

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