中国东部沿海互花米草种群生活史特征的纬度变异与可塑性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)于20世纪70年代被引入中国, 目前已在东部沿海盐沼湿地中广泛分布, 成为海岸带盐沼中危害严重的入侵植物之一。为了研究互花米草在中国入侵区中的适应机制,揭示遗传分化和表型可塑性在该物种成功入侵中的作用,本研究沿纬度梯度在南起广东(22°N)、北至天津(39°N)的沿海样带上采集了10个种群的样本, 通过同质园实验比较了不同纬度来源的种群在生活史和生长特征方面是否存在遗传分化, 并平行设置高低两个水位处理以比较互花米草对水位变化(不同高程生境条件)的可塑性反应。结果表明, 在所研究的互花米草17个性状中有12个存在显著的种群间差异。其中, 平均开花日期和相对生长率(植株高度)表现出显著的纬度梯度变异: 随着纬度的升高, 开花时间提前,相对生长速率(植株高度)趋于增加。同时17个性状中有9个在不同水位处理之间存在显著差异。这些结果表明, 遗传分化可能是互花米草能够快速占据广阔分布区的重要原因之一, 而表型可塑性可能对互花米草在小尺度上占据不同高程环境的过程有重要作用。

关键词: Spartina alterniflora, 表型可塑性, 入侵种, 水位, 遗传分化

Abstract

Spartina alterniflora, native to North America, is invasive in salt marshes worldwide. Its geographic distribution in China has expanded to include most eastern coastal areas since it was introduced in 1970s. Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity are two major strategies in adaptation to varying environments. To investigate the mechanisms of the range expansion of S. alterniflora in China, we collected samples from ten populations on the east coast of China along a latitudinal gradient from Guangdong (22°N) to Tianjin (39°N). We grew plants singly in pots placed in an outdoor garden under either low or high water levels to explore plastic responses to varying elevation in the field. Twelve of 17 traits measured demonstrated considerable variation among populations. In particular, mean date of blossoms and the relative growth rate of height (RGR_H) showed clinal variation with latitude. Our results suggested that Chinese populations of S. alterniflora might have experienced genetic differentiation. Furthermore, 9 of 17 traits showed remarkable plasticity in response to different water levels. S. alterniflora at high water level was more prolific and produced its first ramet earlier. Therefore, the successful invasion of S. alterniflora in China might have resulted from both genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity. The former might have facilitated its rapid range expansion on a regional scale, and the latter might have played an important role in local adaptations to habitats along an elevational gradient.

Key words: phenotypic plasticity, Spartina alterniflora, water level, genetic differentiation

张亦默, 王卿, 卢蒙, 贾昕, 耿宇鹏, 李博 (2008) 中国东部沿海互花米草种群生活史特征的纬度变异与可塑性. 生物多样性, 16, 462-469. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08108.

Yimo Zhang, Qing Wang, Meng Lu, Xin Jia, Yupeng Geng, Bo Li (2008) Variation and phenotypic plasticity in life history traits of Spartina alterniflora along the east coast of China. Biodiversity Science, 16, 462-469. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08108.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08108

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I5/462

图/表 5

表1 10个互花米草种群的地理位置

Table 1 Localities of 10 Spartina alterniflora populations

种群代码 Population code	采样地点 Locality	地理坐标 Location
1 ZH	广东珠海 Zhuhai, Guangdong	22°26′N, 113°39′E
2 XM	福建厦门 Xiamen, Fujian	24°28′N, 117°58′E
3 ND	福建宁德 Ningde, Fujian	26°37′N, 119°37′E
4 WL	浙江台州 Taizhou, Zhejiang	28°21′N, 121°37′E
5 NH	上海南汇 Nanhui, Shanghai	30°51′N, 121°51′E
6 CM	上海崇明 Chongming, Shanghai	31°31′N, 121°58′E
7 DF	江苏盐城 Yancheng, Jiangsu	33°16′N, 120°45′E
8 GY	江苏连云港 Lianyungang, Jiangsu	34°47′N, 119°13′E
9 LZ	山东莱州 Laizhou, Shandong	37°13′N, 119°51′E
10 TJ	天津塘沽 Tanggu, Tianjin	39°00′N, 117°43′E

图1 10个互花米草种群的地理分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of 10 Spartina alterniflora populations sampled in China

表2 纬度和水位对互花米草生活史和生长性状影响的双因子方差分析结果

Table 2 Summary of two-way ANOVA for testing interclonal variation, effects of water level, and their interactions on 17 traits of Spartina alterniflora

图2 10个互花米草种群开花时间(a)及不同水位条件下(○高水位;●低水位)相对生长率(植株高度)(b)随纬度的变化

Fig. 2 Effects of latitude on days to blooming of S. alterniflora populations (a), and relative growth rate (RGRH) at high (open circles) and low (filled circles) water levels (b)

图3 水位对10个互花米草种群9个生活史性状(平均值±标准误)的影响种群代码 Population codes: (●) 1ZH; (○) 2XM; (▼) 3ND; (△) 4WL; (■) 5NH; (□) 6CM; (◆) 7DF; (◇) 8GY; (▲) 9LZ; (▽) 10TJ

Fig. 3 The effects of water levels on the means (six replicates) of nine life history traits of Spartina alterniflora. Vertical bars represent the standard errors of the means across six replicates.

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