长江河口湿地鱼类的种类组成及多样性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08140

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1): 76-81. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08140

长江河口湿地鱼类的种类组成及多样性分析

张衡¹^,⁴, 朱国平²^,³, 陆健健⁴^,^*()

1 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所渔业资源遥感信息技术重点开放实验室, 上海 200090
2 大洋生物资源开发和利用上海高校重点实验室, 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306
3 上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306
4 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2008-06-17 接受日期:2008-10-17 出版日期:2009-01-20 发布日期:2009-01-20
通讯作者: 陆健健
作者简介:* E-mail: jjlu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
上海市科委重大科技攻关项目(06DZ12301);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD09A05);大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室开放基金(KF200802)

Fish species composition and diversity of Yangtze River estuarine wetlands

Heng Zhang¹^,⁴, Guoping Zhu²^,³, Jianjian Lu⁴^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Fisheries Resources Remote Sensing and Information Technology Resources, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090
2 Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Oceanic Fisheries Resources Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306
3 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306
4 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062

Received:2008-06-17 Accepted:2008-10-17 Online:2009-01-20 Published:2009-01-20
Contact: Jianjian Lu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解长江河口湿地鱼类种类组成的现状及变化趋势, 作者于2004-2007年间在长江河口湿地设置了33个采样站点, 采用多种调查网具对该水域的鱼类资源状况进行了较为系统的调查。共调查到鱼类123种, 隶属1纲18目46科。结合文献记录, 本地区共有鱼类208种, 隶属2纲22目67科。海鲢(Elops saurus)和印度小公鱼(Sardinella sindensis)为本地区的新记录种。鱼类组成以鲤形目和鲈形目为主; 生态型以淡水鱼类最多。长江南支、北支和口门区水域的种类组成存在一定的差异, 南支常见种以鲤形目鱼类为主, 而北支和口门区以鲈形目鱼类为主。与1990年以前的调查资料相比, 长江河口湿地鱼类物种数有所减少, 其中软骨鱼类和鲀科鱼类下降相对较多。一些重要经济种逐渐变为偶见种, 甚至成为濒危物种, 如鲥(Tenualosa reevesii)、前颌间银鱼(Hemisalanx prognathus)和暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)等。导致河口湿地鱼类物种多样性下降的主要原因可能是过度捕捞、水域污染和栖息地丧失等。

关键词: 长江河口湿地, 物种多样性, 生态型, 出现频率

Abstract

To explore the status and dynamics of fish species composition, we surveyed fish at 33 sampling stations using several net types in wetlands of the Yangtze River estuary between 2004 and 2007. A total of 123 fish species were collected, belonging to 46 families, 18 orders and 1 class. A historical dataset showed 208 fish species in 67 families, 22 orders and 2 classes. Elops saurus and Sardinella sindensis were two newly-recorded species in the area. The fish fauna was mainly comprised of Cypriniformes and Perciformes, and freshwater ecological guilds. Species composition varied among the southern branch, northern branch and the estuarine mouth. The dominant species in the southern branch belonged to Cypriniformes, while those in the northern branch and the estuarine mouth both belonged to Perciformes. Compared to the pre-1990 survey, we found that diversity of fish species in the study area deceased to some extent, especially species in Cartilaginous or Tetraodontidae families. Some important commercial fishes, such as Tenualosa reevesii, Hemisalanx prognathus, and Takifugu obscurus, had become uncommon or rare species. Reasons for such decrease may lay on overfishing, water pollution and habitat loss, etc.

Key words: Yangtze River estuarine wetlands, species diversity, species composition, occurrence

张衡, 朱国平, 陆健健 (2009) 长江河口湿地鱼类的种类组成及多样性分析. 生物多样性, 17, 76-81. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08140.

Heng Zhang, Guoping Zhu, Jianjian Lu (2009) Fish species composition and diversity of Yangtze River estuarine wetlands. Biodiversity Science, 17, 76-81. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08140.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08140

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I1/76

图/表 3

参考文献 30

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水域 Watersheds	目 No. of order	科 No. of family	属 No. of genus	种 No. of species	盐度 Salinity
长江口南支 South branch of Yangtze estuary	14	28	70	80	0-1
长江口北支 North branch of Yangtze estuary	13	28	50	57	1-30
口门区 Mouth shed of Yangtze estuary	13	32	61	70	3-30

水域 Watersheds	目 No. of order	科 No. of family	属 No. of genus	种 No. of species	盐度 Salinity
长江口南支 South branch of Yangtze estuary	14	28	70	80	0-1
长江口北支 North branch of Yangtze estuary	13	28	50	57	1-30
口门区 Mouth shed of Yangtze estuary	13	32	61	70	3-30

长江河口湿地鱼类的种类组成及多样性分析

Fish species composition and diversity of Yangtze River estuarine wetlands

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物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	本研究 This paper			出现频率 Occurrence					生态类型 Ecological guilds
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	SB	NB	MSE		SB		NB	MSE	生态类型 Ecological guilds
西湖银鮈 S. sihuensis**	○		■			0.5					A
铜鱼 Coreius heterodon**	○	●	■			0.1					A
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva**	○	●	■	■	■	22.4			2.6	4.2	A
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis**	○	●	■			13.7					A
花鱼骨 Hemibarbus maculates**	○	●	■			0.5					A
长蛇鮈 Saurogobio dumerili**	○	●	■	■	■	34.1			13.1	18.6	A
蛇鮈 S. dabryi**	○		■			<0.1					A
光唇蛇鮈 S. gymnocheilus**	○		■			<0.1					A
越南鱊 Acheilognathus tonkinensis*	○										A
大鳍鱊 A. macropterus**	○	●	■			3.4					A
兴凯鱊 A. chankaensis**	○	●	■			6.8					A
中华鳑鲏 Rhodeus sinensis**	○	●	■			2.4					A
高体鳑鲏 R. ocellatus**	○	●	■			1.0					A
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix**	○	●	■	■	■	3.4			2.6	1.4	A
鳙 Aristichthys nobilis**	○	●	■	■		1.5			1.1		A
鲤 Cyprinus carpio**	○	●	■			1.0					A
鲫 Carassius auratus**	○	●	■	■	■	23.9			3.9	4.3	A
宜昌鳅鮀 Gobiobotia ichangensis	○										A
鳅科 Cobitidae
中华花鳅 Cobitis sinensis	○										A
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus**	○		■			1.0					A
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus**	○	●	■			1.5					A
鲇形目 Siluriformes
鲿科 Bagridae
长吻鮠 Leiocassis longirostris**	○	●	■	■	■	2.4			2.0	1.4	A/B
黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco**	○	●	■			0.5					A
长须黄颡鱼 P. eupogon**	○		■			0.5					A
光泽黄颡鱼 P. nitidus**	○	●	■			45.8					A
圆尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus tenuis**	○	●	■			<0.1					A
大鳍鱯 Hemibagrus macropterus	○										A
海鲇科 Ariidae
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis**	○	●	■	■	■	1.3			7.9	5.8	C
鲇科 Siluridae
鲇 Silurus asotus**	○	●	■			0.5					A
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes
胎鳉科 Poeciliidae
食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis** ^a	○	●	■	■		1.5			2.6		A
青鳉科 Oryziatidae
青鳉 Oryzias latipes	○										A
银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes
银汉鱼科 Atherinidae
白氏银汉鱼 Allanetta bleekeri	○										F
颌针鱼目 Beloniformes
颌针鱼科 Belonidae
尖嘴扁颌针鱼 Ablennes anastomella	○	●									F
鱵科 Hemirhamphidae
乔氏鱵 Hyporhamphus georgii	○										F
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	本研究 This paper			出现频率 Occurrence					生态类型 Ecological guilds
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	SB	NB	MSE		SB		NB	MSE	生态类型 Ecological guilds
沙氏下鱵 H. sajori	○	●									F
间下鱵 H. intermedius**	○	●	■		■	3.4				2.6	B/C
刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes
海龙科 Syngnathidae
日本海马 Hippocampus japonicus		●									F
尖海龙 Syngnathns acus*	○	●		■	■				2.6	1.4	F
刺冠海龙 Corythoichthys crenulatus	○										F
笔状副海龙 Parasyngnathus penicillus*		●									F
鲻形目 Mugiliformes
鲻科 Mugilidae
鲻 Mugil cephalus**	○	●	■	■	■	34.1			63.5	31.4	B
鮻 Liza haematocheila**	○	●	■	■		1.5			2.6		B
棱鮻 L. affinis**	○	●	■		■	6.3				10.0	B
马鲅科 Polynemidae
四指马鲅 Eleutheronema tetradactylum**	○	●		■	■				10.5	21.4	C
六指马鲅 Polynemus sextarius		●									F
合鳃目 Synbranchiformes
合鳃科 Synbranchidae
黄鳝 Monopterus albus**	○	●	■			3.4					A
鲈形目 Perciformes
鮨科 Serranidae
中国花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus**	○	●	■	■	■	11.7			7.9	11.4	C
鳜 Siniperca chuatsi**	○	●	■			6.9					A
大眼鲷科 Priacanthidae
短尾大眼鲷 Priacanthus macrocanthus	○	●		■	■				2.6	7.1	C
天竺鲷科 Apogonidae
细条天竺鲷 Apogonichthys lineatus	○	●									F
鱚科 Sillaginidae
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama**	○	●		■					2.6		F
少鳞鱚 S. japonica*		●									F
鲹科 Carangidae
六带鲹 Caranx sexfasciatus**	○	●	■			0.4					F
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae
黄姑鱼 Nibea albiflora	○	●									F
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengeri*	○	●									C
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus**	○	●		■	■				1.0	7.2	C
大头白姑鱼 A. macrocephalus**	○				■					1.4	F
黑姑鱼 Atrobucca nibe	○				■					1.4	F
小黄鱼 Pseudosciaena polyactis**	○	●		■	■				21.7	5.7	C
大黄鱼 P. crocea*	○	●									F
鮸 Miichthys miiuy**	○	●		■	■				7.9	4.2	C
黑鳃梅童 Collichthys niveatus	○										F
棘头梅童 C. lucidus**	○	●		■	■				68.4	35.8	C
鰏科 Leiognathidae
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius	○										F
鲷科 Sparidae
黑鲷 Sparus macrocephalus**	○	●		■	■				2.6	2.8	F
松鲷科 Lobotidae
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	本研究 This paper			出现频率 Occurrence					生态类型 Ecological guilds
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	SB	NB	MSE			SB	NB	MSE	生态类型 Ecological guilds
松鲷 Lobotes surinamensis*	○				■					1.4	F
鯻科 Theraponidae
细鳞鯻 Therapon jarbua**	○	●			■					2.8	F
金钱鱼科 Scatophagidae
金钱鱼 Scatophagus argus**	○	●			■					1.4	F
笛鲷科 Lutjanida
勒氏笛鲷 Lucjanus russell		●									F
石鲈科 Pomadasyida
断斑石鲈 Pomadasys kaakan		●									F
石雕科 Oplegnathus
斑石鲷 Oplegnathus punctatus*		●									F
鳄齿鱼科 Champsodontidae
短鳄齿鱼 Champsodon snyderi	○	●		■	■				2.6	5.2	F
绵鳚科 Zoarcidae
绵鳚 Enchelyopus elongatus	○	●									F
鱼衔科 Callionymidae
香鱼衔 Callionymus olidus**	○	●	■		■	15.6				7.1	B
绯鱼衔 C. beniteguri	○										F
塘鳢科 Eleotridae
沙塘鳢 Odontobutis obscura*	○	●									A
锯塘鳢 Prionobutis koilomatodon	○										F
尖头塘鳢 Eleotris oxycephala**	○	●	■			3.9					A
黄鱼幼 Hypseleotris swinhonis**	○	●	■			4.8					A
虾虎鱼科 Gobiidae
竿虾虎鱼 Luciogobius guttatus	○										F
髭虾虎鱼 Triaenopogen barbatus**	○	●	■	■	■	1.5			2.6	1.2	B/C
舌虾虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris**	○		■			1.0					B
斑纹舌虾虎鱼 G. olivaceus*		●									B
矛尾虾虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias**	○	●		■	■				5.2	2.8	B
六丝矛尾虾虎鱼 C. hexanema*	○	●									F
深虾虎鱼 Bathygobius fuscus*		●
中华钝牙虾虎鱼 Apocryptichthys sericus*	○	●									B
阿部鲻虾虎鱼 Mugilogobius abei		●									B
粘皮鲻虾虎鱼 M. myxodermus*	○	●									A
多鳞鲻虾虎鱼 M. polylepis*		●									A
爪哇鲻虾虎鱼 M. javanicus*		●									B
蝌蚪虾虎鱼 Lophiogobius ocellicauda**	○	●	■	■	■	8.8			5.3	15.7	B
双带缟虾虎鱼 Tridentiger bifasciatus*		●
纹缟虾虎鱼 T. trigonocephalus**	○	●	■	■		16.9			7.9		B
长体刺虾虎鱼 Acanthogobius elongate**	○	●	■	■		13.5			7.9		B
斑尾刺虾虎鱼 A. ommaturus**	○	●	■	■	■	42.9			47.4	31.1	B
黄鳍刺虾虎鱼 A. flavimanus*		●									B
棕刺虾虎鱼 A. luridus**	○	●		■					5.3		B
普氏栉虾虎鱼 Ctenogobius pflaumi*		●									B
子陵栉虾虎鱼 C. giurinus**	○	●	■		■	15.6				1.4	B
波氏栉虾虎鱼 C. cliffordpopei*	○										B
鳗虾虎鱼科 Taenioididae
红狼牙虾虎鱼 Odontamblyopus rubicundus**	○	●	■	■	■	1.5			65.9	41.4	B
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	本研究 This paper			出现频率 Occurrence					生态类型 Ecological guilds
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	SB	NB	MSE		SB		NB	MSE	生态类型 Ecological guilds
孔虾虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina**	○	●		■	■				2.6	10.0	B
须鳗虾虎鱼 Taenioides cirratus*	○	●									B
弹涂鱼科 Periophthalmidae
弹涂鱼 Periophthalmus cantonensis**	○	●	■	■	■	24.3			47.3	11.4	B
大鳍弹涂鱼 P. magnuspinnatus*		●									B
大弹涂鱼 Boleophthalmus pectinirostris**	○	●	■	■	■	24.1			45.1	10.8	B
青弹涂鱼 Scartelaos viridis*	○	●									B
大青弹涂鱼 S. gigas*		●									B
带鱼科 Trichiuridae
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus	○	●		■	■				2.6	2.8	F
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus	○	●			■					2.8	F
鲳科 Stromateidae
银鲳 Pampus argenteus	○	●		■	■				2.6	8.6	C
灰鲳 P. cinerus	○	●									F
鲭科 Scombridae
日本鲭 Scomber japonicus*	○	●									F
朝鲜马鲛 Scomberomorus koreanus	○				■					2.8	F
蓝点马鲛 S. niphonius	○	●			■					1.4	F
斗鱼科 Belontiidae
圆尾斗鱼 Macropodus chinensis**	○		■			5.4					A
鳢科 Channidae
乌鳢 Channa arga**	○	●	■	■		3.4			2.5		A
刺鳅科 Mastacembelidae
刺鳅 Mastacembelus mastacembelus*	○	●									A
鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes
毒鲉科 Synanceiidae
鬼鲉 Inimicus japonicus	○										F
鲬科 Platycephalidae
鳄鲬 Cociella crocodilus**	○	●	■			0.6					F
鲬 Platycephalus indicus*	○	●									F
杜父鱼科 Cottidae
淞江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatus**	○		■			<0.1					E
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes
鲽科 Pleuronectidae
木叶鲽 Pleuronichthys cornutus	○										F
石鲽 Kareius bicoloratus*	○										F
舌鳎科 Cynoglossidae
日本须鳎 Paraplagusia japonica	○	●									F
半滑舌鳎 Cynoglossus semilaevis*	○	●			■					1.4	F
窄体舌鳎 C. gracilis**	○	●	■	■	■	28.1			13.2	14.3	B
宽体舌鳎 C. robustus	○	●		■	■				2.6	1.9	F
三线舌鳎 C. trigrammus	○	●									B
焦氏舌鳎 C. joyneri**	○	●	■	■	■	1.5			23.7	15.7	C
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes
单角鲀科 Monacanthidae
绿鳍马面鲀 Thomnaconus septentrionalis	○	●		■					2.6		F
革鲀 Alutera monoceros	○	●									F
鲀科 Tetraodontidae
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	本研究 This paper			出现频率 Occurrence					生态类型 Ecological guilds
物种 Fish species	1990年以前 Before 1990	1991-2008年 Between 1991 and 2008	SB	NB	MSE		SB		NB	MSE	生态类型 Ecological guilds
格代腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus gloveri	○										F
弓斑东方鲀 Takifugu ocellatus**	○	●	■			1.0					C/F
暗纹东方鲀 T. obscurus*	○	●									D
黄鳍东方鲀 T. xanthopterus	○	●									F
红旗东方鲀 T. rubripes		●									F
菊黄东方鲀 T. flavidus	○										C
虫纹东方鲀 T. vermicularis	○	●									C
星点东方鲀 T. niphobles	○				■					1.2	F
铅点东方鲀 T. alboplumbeus	○										F
双斑东方鲀 T. bimaculatus*	○			■					2.5		F
晕环东方鲀 T. coronoidus	○										A/B
假晴东方鲀 T. pseudommus	○	●									F

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