哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的多样性与空间分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2014224

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 332-340. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014224

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的多样性与空间分布

袁春明^1,², 刘文耀^3,^*(), 杨国平³

1 (云南省林业科学院, 昆明 650204)
2 (国家林业局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室, 云南省森林植物培育与开发利用重点实验室, 昆明 650204)
3 (中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明 650223);

收稿日期:2014-10-21 接受日期:2015-01-22 出版日期:2015-06-08 发布日期:2015-06-12
通讯作者: 刘文耀
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U1133605, 31160136);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-066-03)

Diversity and spatial distribution of lianas in a mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, SW China

^1,², Wenyao Liu^3,^*, ³

1 Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650204
2 Key Laboratory for Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants in Yunnan of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Forest Plant, Kunming 650204
3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223

Received:2014-10-21 Accepted:2015-01-22 Online:2015-06-08 Published:2015-06-12
Contact: Liu Wenyao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质藤本植物是热带、亚热带山地森林重要的组分之一, 在森林动态、生态系统过程和森林生物多样性形成与维持等方面具有重要作用。本文调查了哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的多样性及其在垂直和水平空间上的分布规律。在20个20 m × 50 m的样地中共调查到DBH≥0.2 cm的木质藤本植物1,145株, 隶属于19科25属29种, 其中物种最丰富的科为菝葜科(4种)和蔷薇科(3种), 但多度最高的科为葡萄科(363株, 占总株数的31.7%)。研究发现林下木质藤本(通常DBH < 1 cm)拥有较高的物种丰富度和多度, 对木质藤本植物多样性具有较大的贡献。有55.7%的个体分布在林下层, 林冠层占28.8%, 亚冠层只有15.5%。木质藤本的垂直空间分布在不同径级、不同攀援类型之间具有明显的差异。从水平空间分布来看, 地形是影响木质藤本的一个重要因素: 沟谷木质藤本的物种丰富度、多度和基面积分别是坡面的171%, 420%和606%; 有12个物种只分布在沟谷生境。这表明哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物对生境具有偏好性。

关键词: 木质藤本, 多样性, 多度, 攀援类型, 空间分布, 亚热带

Abstract

Lianas are an important component of tropical and subtropical forests, and influence forest dynamics, ecosystem processes, and the formation and maintenance of forest biodiversity. In the present study, liana diversity and their vertical and horizontal spatial distribution were investigated in a mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, SW China. A total of 1,145 individuals of 29 liana species (DBH≥0.2 cm) were recorded in twenty 20 m × 50 m plots. In the forest the most species-rich families were the Smilacaceae (4 species) and Rosaceae (3 species). Vitaceae was the most abundant family represented by 363 individuals (31.7% of total individuals). The understory lianas (usually DBH < 1 cm) had greater species richness and abundance than subcanopy and canopy lianas. The majority of lianas individuals (55.7%) were found in the understory, 28.8% were in the canopy, and only 15.5% were in the subcanopy. The vertical distribution of lianas showed obvious differences among stem diameter-classes and climbing mechanisms. In terms of the horizontal spatial distribution, topography was an important factor governing the diversity and distribution of lianas. The species richness, abundance and basal area in the valley were 171%, 420% and 606% greater, respectively, than hillslope sites. A total of 12 species grew exclusively in valley sites. These results suggest that lianas have habitat preferences in the mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forests of the Ailao Mountains.

Key words: liana, diversity, abundance, climbing type, spatial distribution, subtropical

袁春明, 刘文耀, 杨国平 (2015) 哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的多样性与空间分布. 生物多样性, 23, 332-340. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014224.

, Wenyao Liu, (2015) Diversity and spatial distribution of lianas in a mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, SW China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 332-340. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014224.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014224

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I3/332

图/表 5

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种 Species	科 Family	攀援类型 Climbing type	DBH (cm)
种 Species	科 Family	攀援类型 Climbing type	< 1	1-2	≥2.0	合计 Total
三叶爬山虎 Parthenocissus himalayana	葡萄科 Vitaceae	根攀援 RC	234	13	48	295
毛狭叶崖爬藤 Tetrastigma obtectum	葡萄科 Vitaceae	卷须攀援 TC	66	2	0	68
华肖菝葜 Heterosmilax chinensis	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	95	0	0	95
短柱肖菝葜 H. yunnanensis	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	38	4	0	42
肖菝葜 H. japonica	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	30	0	0	30
粗糙菝葜 Smilax lebrunii	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	7	1	0	8
常绿蔷薇 Rosa longicuspis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	21	1	80	102
园锥悬钩子 Rubus paniculatus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	31	6	28	65
红毛悬钩子 R. pinfaensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	1	2	0	3
石宝茶藤 Euonymus vagans	卫矛科 Celastraceae	根攀援 RC	28	13	9	50
南蛇藤 Celastrus angulatus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	茎缠绕 ST	7	0	37	44
川西尾叶素馨 Jasminum urophyllum	木犀科 Oleaceae	茎缠绕 ST	61	1	0	62
丛林素馨 J. fuchsiaefolicnn	木犀科 Oleaceae	茎缠绕 ST	5	0	1	6
山羊桃 Actinidia callosa	猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	8	7	44	59
五风藤 Holboellia latifolia	木通科 Lardizabalaceae	茎缠绕 ST	23	0	25	48
柳叶蓬莱葛 Gardneria lanceolata	马钱科 Loganiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	29	2	0	31
冷饭团 Kadsura coccinea	五味子科 Schisandraceae	茎缠绕 ST	3	1	21	25
翼梗五味子 Schisandra henryi	五味子科 Schisandraceae	茎缠绕 ST	3	0	0	3
冠盖绣球 Hydrangea anomala	虎耳草科 Hydrangeaceae	根攀援 RC	15	6	2	23
钻地风 Schizophragma integrifolium	虎耳草科 Hydrangeaceae	根攀援 RC	4	0	1	5
高山花椒 Zanthoxylum alpinum	芸香科 Rutaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	7	9	7	23
香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana	蝶形花科 Papilionaceae	茎缠绕 ST	9	0	10	19
云南清风藤 Sabia yunnanensis	清风藤科 Sabiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	4	2	7	13
密花胡颓子 Elaeagnus conferta	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	2	1	5	8
葡萄酸藤子 Embelia procumbens	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	茎缠绕 ST	7	0	0	7
园头牛奶菜 Marsdenia tsaiana	萝摩科 Asclepiadaceae	茎缠绕 ST	0	0	5	5
昆明马兜铃 Aristolochia kunmingsis	马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	4	0	0	4
合苞铁线莲 Clematis mapanlensis	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	卷须攀援 TC	1	0	0	1
云南旌节花 Stachyurus yunnanensis	旌节花科 Stachyuraceae	依附攀援 S	0	1	0	1
合计 Total			743	72	330	1,145

种 Species	科 Family	攀援类型 Climbing type	DBH (cm)
种 Species	科 Family	攀援类型 Climbing type	< 1	1-2	≥2.0	合计 Total
三叶爬山虎 Parthenocissus himalayana	葡萄科 Vitaceae	根攀援 RC	234	13	48	295
毛狭叶崖爬藤 Tetrastigma obtectum	葡萄科 Vitaceae	卷须攀援 TC	66	2	0	68
华肖菝葜 Heterosmilax chinensis	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	95	0	0	95
短柱肖菝葜 H. yunnanensis	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	38	4	0	42
肖菝葜 H. japonica	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	30	0	0	30
粗糙菝葜 Smilax lebrunii	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	卷须攀援 TC	7	1	0	8
常绿蔷薇 Rosa longicuspis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	21	1	80	102
园锥悬钩子 Rubus paniculatus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	31	6	28	65
红毛悬钩子 R. pinfaensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	1	2	0	3
石宝茶藤 Euonymus vagans	卫矛科 Celastraceae	根攀援 RC	28	13	9	50
南蛇藤 Celastrus angulatus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	茎缠绕 ST	7	0	37	44
川西尾叶素馨 Jasminum urophyllum	木犀科 Oleaceae	茎缠绕 ST	61	1	0	62
丛林素馨 J. fuchsiaefolicnn	木犀科 Oleaceae	茎缠绕 ST	5	0	1	6
山羊桃 Actinidia callosa	猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	8	7	44	59
五风藤 Holboellia latifolia	木通科 Lardizabalaceae	茎缠绕 ST	23	0	25	48
柳叶蓬莱葛 Gardneria lanceolata	马钱科 Loganiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	29	2	0	31
冷饭团 Kadsura coccinea	五味子科 Schisandraceae	茎缠绕 ST	3	1	21	25
翼梗五味子 Schisandra henryi	五味子科 Schisandraceae	茎缠绕 ST	3	0	0	3
冠盖绣球 Hydrangea anomala	虎耳草科 Hydrangeaceae	根攀援 RC	15	6	2	23
钻地风 Schizophragma integrifolium	虎耳草科 Hydrangeaceae	根攀援 RC	4	0	1	5
高山花椒 Zanthoxylum alpinum	芸香科 Rutaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	7	9	7	23
香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana	蝶形花科 Papilionaceae	茎缠绕 ST	9	0	10	19
云南清风藤 Sabia yunnanensis	清风藤科 Sabiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	4	2	7	13
密花胡颓子 Elaeagnus conferta	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	钩刺攀援 HC	2	1	5	8
葡萄酸藤子 Embelia procumbens	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	茎缠绕 ST	7	0	0	7
园头牛奶菜 Marsdenia tsaiana	萝摩科 Asclepiadaceae	茎缠绕 ST	0	0	5	5
昆明马兜铃 Aristolochia kunmingsis	马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	茎缠绕 ST	4	0	0	4
合苞铁线莲 Clematis mapanlensis	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	卷须攀援 TC	1	0	0	1
云南旌节花 Stachyurus yunnanensis	旌节花科 Stachyuraceae	依附攀援 S	0	1	0	1
合计 Total			743	72	330	1,145

垂直层次 Vertical layer	个体数 Number of Individuals (%)	物种数 Number of species	多样性指数(平均数±标准差) Diversity index (Mean ± SD)
垂直层次 Vertical layer	个体数 Number of Individuals (%)	物种数 Number of species	物种丰富度 Species richness	Simpson index	Shannon- Wiener index	Pielou evenness index
冠层 Canopy	330 (28.8%)	15	4.35 ± 3.08^a	0.41 ± 0.26^ab	1.06 ± 0.66^ab	0.73 ± 0.33^a
亚冠层 Subcanopy	177 (15.5%)	20	2.85 ± 2.43^a	0.49 ± 0.35^a	0.69 ± 0.64^a	0.53 ± 0.42^a
林下 Understory	638 (55.7%)	27	7.30 ± 3.59^b	0.29 ± 0.21^b	1.46 ± 0.61^b	0.73 ± 0.28^a
合计 Total	1,145 (100%)	29

垂直层次 Vertical layer	个体数 Number of Individuals (%)	物种数 Number of species	多样性指数(平均数±标准差) Diversity index (Mean ± SD)
垂直层次 Vertical layer	个体数 Number of Individuals (%)	物种数 Number of species	物种丰富度 Species richness	Simpson index	Shannon- Wiener index	Pielou evenness index
冠层 Canopy	330 (28.8%)	15	4.35 ± 3.08^a	0.41 ± 0.26^ab	1.06 ± 0.66^ab	0.73 ± 0.33^a
亚冠层 Subcanopy	177 (15.5%)	20	2.85 ± 2.43^a	0.49 ± 0.35^a	0.69 ± 0.64^a	0.53 ± 0.42^a
林下 Understory	638 (55.7%)	27	7.30 ± 3.59^b	0.29 ± 0.21^b	1.46 ± 0.61^b	0.73 ± 0.28^a
合计 Total	1,145 (100%)	29

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哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的多样性与空间分布

Diversity and spatial distribution of lianas in a mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, SW China

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