黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10011

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 460-469. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10011 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2012.10011

黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构

阮咏梅¹^,², 张金菊³, 姚小洪¹, 叶其刚¹^,^*()

1 中国科学院武汉植物园种质创新与特色农业重点实验室, 武汉 430074
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049
3 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022

收稿日期:2012-01-12 接受日期:2012-04-18 出版日期:2012-07-20 发布日期:2012-09-12
通讯作者: 叶其刚
作者简介:*E-mail: qigangye@wbgcas.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31100396);国家自然科学基金(30870241);中国科学院方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-Z-0941)

Genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of different life- history stages in a small, isolated population of Sinojackia huangmeiensis (Styracaceae)

Yongmei Ruan¹^,², Jinju Zhang³, Xiaohong Yao¹, Qigang Ye¹^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022

Received:2012-01-12 Accepted:2012-04-18 Online:2012-07-20 Published:2012-09-12
Contact: Qigang Ye

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究濒危植物片断化孤立居群不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性和小尺度空间遗传结构有助于认识残存居群动态和制订保育策略。本研究选取黄梅秤锤树(Sinojackia huangmeiensis)的一个片断化孤立居群(面积160 m × 80 m)为研究对象, 对居群内60株成年个体、175株幼树和198株幼苗全部定位, 采用8个微卫星位点检测了居群内不同生活史阶段植株的遗传多样性、空间遗传结构, 并分析了花粉和种子传播距离和式样。结果表明, 黄梅秤锤树居群3种不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性之间无显著差异; 居群出现显著的杂合子缺失, 可能是由近交造成的; 在10 m以内成年个体、幼树和幼苗植株均呈现出显著的空间遗传结构, 说明种子扩散限制于成年母树周边; 种子和花粉传播的平均距离分别为9.07 ± 13.38和23.81 ± 23.60 m, 且花粉和种子传播式样均呈“L”型分布; 种子雨重叠少、有限的基因流、自疏以及近亲繁殖是造成各年龄阶段出现空间遗传结构的主要原因。本研究结果启示, 在采集秤锤树迁地保护材料时个体间距离应超过10 m, 以降低采样个体的遗传相似性; 同时在就地保护过程中需要人为促进基因流和加强幼苗管理, 以降低近交风险。

关键词: Sinojackia huangmeiensis, 生境片断化, 遗传多样性, 空间遗传结构, 年龄阶段, 保护

Abstract

Knowledge of genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) at different age stages of small isolated populations is important for understanding population dynamics and developing effective conservation measures for fragmented populations. In this study, we used a small, isolated population of Sinojackia huangmeiensi as a case study to investigate the change in the levels of genetic diversity and SGS at different age stages. We mapped and genotyped 60 adults,175 saplings, 198 seedlings using eight microsatellite markers to detect the genetic diversity, SGS and pollen and seed dispersal patterns in a 80 m × 160 m transect located in an original secondary forest surrounded by farmlands. No significant differences in genetic diversity were found among the three life stages, and a significant heterozygote deficiency in the population may result from substantial biparental inbreeding. We found significant fine-scale spatial structure at different age stages within 10 m, suggesting that seed dispersal mainly occurred near a mother tree. Seed dispersal distance and pollen dispersal distance were 9.07±13.38 and 23.81±23.60 m, respectively, and ‘L’ shaped curves were observed in both pollen dispersal and seed dispersal patterns. The spatial distribution of the different age stages is most likely the result of little overlap in seed rain, self-thinning, biparental inbreeding and limited gene flow. Our results have important implications for conservation of extant population of S. huangmeiensis. Measures for promoting pollen flow and increasing survival rate of seedlings should be considered for in situ conservation. The presence of SGS in this fragmented population implies that seeds for ex situ conservation should be collected from trees at least 10 m apart to reduce genetic similarity between neighboring individuals.

Key words: Sinojackia huangmeiensis, habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, age stages, conservation

阮咏梅, 张金菊, 姚小洪, 叶其刚 (2012) 黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构. 生物多样性, 20, 460-469. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10011.

Yongmei Ruan, Jinju Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Qigang Ye (2012) Genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of different life- history stages in a small, isolated population of Sinojackia huangmeiensis (Styracaceae). Biodiversity Science, 20, 460-469. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10011.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10011

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I4/460

图/表 5

图1 黄梅秤锤树居群(湖北省境内)植株空间分布图。不同形状分别代表3个树龄级别: 成年个体(○), 幼树(△)和幼苗(×)

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of Sinojackia huangmeiensis in Huangmei, Hubei Province. Different shapes represent three age classes, (○)Adults; (△)Saplings; (×)Seedlings.

表1 黄梅秤锤树孤立居群不同年龄阶段群体的遗传多样性和空间遗传结构

Table 1 Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure statistics for different age classes of the isolated population of Sinojackia huangmeiensis

年龄阶段 Age stage	N	H_O	H_E	F_IS	F₍₁₎	b_F	S_p
成年个体 Adult	60	0.670	0.778	0.143^*	0.120	-0.0345	0.0392
幼树 Sapling	175	0.642	0.775	0.174^*	0.084	-0.0277	0.0302
幼苗 Seedling	198	0.638	0.768	0.169^*	0.117	-0.0367	0.0416
总体 All individuals	433	0.644	0.772	0.168^*	0.105	-0.0319	0.0357

图2 成年个体、幼树、幼苗和总体的相关系数图。虚线代表95%置信区间上下限, Fij值的标准误通过对所有位点自检获得。

Fig. 2 Correlograms of Kinship coefficients for adults, saplings, seedlings and all individuals. The dashed lines indicate upper and lower 95% confidence range of the null hypothesis. Standard errors (SE) around each Fij value were obtained through a jackknife procedure over loci.

表2 黄梅秤锤树孤立居群中成年个体的8个微卫星位点特征

Table 2 Characteristics of 8 microsatellite loci from adult individuals in the studied transect of the population of Sinojackia huangmeiensis

位点 Locus	N	K	F_IS	H_O	H_E	PIC	Pr(Ex₁)	Pr(Ex₂)
Sx11	60	9	0.122	0.700	0.797	0.768	0.437	0.617
Sx15	60	7	0.149	0.500	0.588	0.560	0.205	0.389
Sx40	59	10	0.062	0.831	0.885	0.865	0.600	0.752
Sx74	60	7	0.189	0.467	0.575	0.545	0.192	0.374
Sx101	60	7	0.240	0.583	0.767	0.727	0.376	0.556
Sx112	59	17	0.140	0.797	0.926	0.911	0.714	0.833
Sx116	60	14	0.205	0.700	0.880	0.859	0.594	0.746
Sx154	60	9	0.034	0.783	0.811	0.783	0.457	0.634
平均 Mean		10		0.670	0.778	0.753	-	-
合计 Total		80	0.146	-	-	-	0.994	0.999

图3 0-100 m范围内观察和预期种子及花粉扩散距离频率分布

Fig. 3 Comparison of the observed (black bars) and potential (white bars) seed dispersal distance frequency distribution, observed (gray bars) and potential (stripe bars) pollen dispersal distance frequency distribution within 0-100 m of the isolated population

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黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构

Genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of different life- history stages in a small, isolated population of Sinojackia huangmeiensis (Styracaceae)

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