生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 470-481. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12233
收稿日期:
2011-12-16
接受日期:
2012-04-25
出版日期:
2012-07-20
发布日期:
2012-09-12
通讯作者:
金光泽
作者简介:
*E-mail: taxus@126.com基金资助:
Received:
2011-12-16
Accepted:
2012-04-25
Online:
2012-07-20
Published:
2012-09-12
Contact:
Guangze Jin
摘要:
阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林是我国东北东部山区的地带性顶极植被, 按其群落特征和物种组成可分为南部红松林、典型红松林和北部红松林。依照BCI(Barro Colorado Island)50 ha样地的技术规范, 作者于2005年在典型红松林分布的黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区建立了一块9 ha的固定监测样地, 并于2010年对样地内胸径 ≥ 1 cm的木本植物进行了全面调查。结果表明, 样地内的木本植物共有48种, 独立个体数为21,355株(包括分枝数为34,021棵), 隶属于20科34属。绝大部分种类属于长白山区系小兴安岭亚系, 同时混生有一些亚热带成分。样地内所有个体的径级分布呈倒“J”型, 群落自我更新良好。林冠层、亚冠层和中间层的径级分布均呈倒“J”型, 林下层呈“L”型。主要树种大青杨(Populus ussuriensis)、红松、枫桦(Betula costata)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)等的径级结构可分为近似于“正态”型、倒“J”型和“L”型3种类型。主要树种在样地的空间分布大多呈聚集分布, 但大部分物种随着径级的增加聚集程度变小。树种分布与地形紧密关联, 不同物种在不同径级表现出对生境有不同的偏好; 红松和紫椴(Tilia amurensis)各径级的分布均与地形显著相关(P < 0.05), 而冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)、花楷槭(Acer ukurunduense)、裂叶榆(Ulmus laciniata)、色木槭(Acer mono)的径级I(DBH < 10 cm)、II(10 cm≤ DBH < 30 cm)和枫桦、青楷槭(Acer tegmentosum)的径级I的分布与地形显著相关(P < 0.05), 且随着径级的增加, 地形因子对其分布的影响显著减小。
徐丽娜, 金光泽 (2012) 小兴安岭凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构. 生物多样性, 20, 470-481. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12233.
Lina Xu, Guangze Jin (2012) Species composition and community structure of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 470-481. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12233.
树种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 最大胸径 Max. DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Importance value (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
毛榛子 Corylus mandshurica | 4,617(11,195)* | 2.10(1.86) | 6.70 | 0.38147 | 10.50(14.24) |
色木槭 Acer mono | 2,142(2,362) | 7.73(7.27) | 59.00 | 2.43008 | 8.25(7.23) |
刺五加 Acanthopanax senticosus | 1,937(3,328) | 1.57(1.52) | 5.00 | 0.07297 | 5.07(5.31) |
瘤枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus | 1,279(1,730) | 1.85(1.78) | 7.40 | 0.05428 | 4.14(3.84) |
花楷槭 Acer ukurunduense | 1,262(2,573) | 4.26(3.50) | 30.40 | 0.43052 | 4.38(4.93) |
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 1,200(1,219) | 42.81(42.40) | 108.10 | 24.15018 | 23.33(22.65) |
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 988(1,416) | 5.10(5.55) | 26.80 | 0.49454 | 3.58(3.43) |
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata | 971(1,166) | 7.73(6.88) | 64.60 | 1.47732 | 4.65(4.27) |
冷杉 Abies nephrolepis | 905(911) | 16.17(16.08) | 48.30 | 3.00860 | 5.77(5.25) |
东北山梅花 Philadelphus schrenkii | 800(1,103) | 1.70(1.66) | 4.00 | 0.02938 | 2.96(2.80) |
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 728(1,017) | 13.35(11.34) | 94.40 | 3.00901 | 5.13(4.99) |
枫桦 Betula costata | 601(634) | 13.02(12.66) | 83.20 | 2.04383 | 3.73(3.41) |
暴马丁香 Syringa reticulate var. mandshurica | 598(898) | 4.78(4.13) | 32.00 | 0.23008 | 2.42(2.37) |
光萼溲疏 Deutzia gladata | 446(683) | 1.35(1.33) | 2.60 | 0.01099 | 1.73(1.71) |
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 407(423) | 12.54(12.27) | 68.70 | 1.26995 | 2.61(2.39) |
稠李 Prunus padus | 402(741) | 3.71(3.33) | 14.70 | 0.11077 | 1.28(1.38) |
春榆 Ulmus japonica | 392(447) | 5.11(4.79) | 81.50 | 0.29190 | 1.42(1.24) |
黄花忍冬 Lonicera chrysantha | 379(534) | 1.56(1.56) | 4.90 | 0.01266 | 1.52(1.45) |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 220(323) | 7.18(5.95) | 64.30 | 0.25451 | 0.85(0.82) |
龙牙楤木 Aralia elata | 196(235) | 3.08(2.97) | 12.70 | 0.02442 | 0.71(0.63) |
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis | 126(127) | 20.51(20.35) | 81.00 | 0.82988 | 1.30(1.23) |
花楸 Sorbus pohuashanensis | 91(110) | 6.65(6.14) | 30.20 | 0.06735 | 0.50(0.47) |
早花忍冬 Lonicera praeflorens | 87(123) | 1.66(1.64) | 3.30 | 0.00313 | 0.36(0.35) |
大青杨 Populus ussuriensis | 77(78) | 19.73(19.49) | 133.00 | 0.89629 | 0.97(0.93) |
暖木条荚蒾 Viburnum burejaeticum | 69(133) | 1.62(1.58) | 3.00 | 0.00311 | 0.32(0.35) |
山槐 Maackia amurensis | 61(71) | 6.03(5.70) | 14.70 | 0.02984 | 0.26(0.23) |
鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis | 58(59) | 15.70(15.46) | 63.00 | 0.22544 | 0.49(0.46) |
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica | 42(48) | 13.02(12.17) | 55.50 | 0.14238 | 0.33(0.31) |
东北茶藨子 Ribes mandschuricum | 41(68) | 1.42(1.45) | 3.10 | 0.00135 | 0.21(0.21) |
黄菠萝 Phellodendron amurense | 29(32) | 14.84(14.13) | 33.10 | 0.07537 | 0.21(0.20) |
大黄柳 Salix raddeana | 29(32) | 13.34(12.68) | 24.70 | 0.04971 | 0.16(0.14) |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 28(28) | 14.63(14.63) | 31.00 | 0.06837 | 0.19(0.17) |
毛赤杨 Alnus sibirica | 26(33) | 12.79(12.47) | 31.7 | 0.05828 | 0.15(0.14) |
鸡树条荚蒾 Viburnum sargenti | 24(25) | 1.83(1.85) | 3.50 | 0.00084 | 0.12(0.10) |
狗枣猕猴桃 Actinidia kolomikta | 16(20) | 2.03(1.91) | 4.00 | 0.00073 | 0.09(0.09) |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 15(15) | 13.59(13.59) | 22.20 | 0.02730 | 0.09(0.08) |
大叶小檗 Berberis poiretii | 12(16) | 1.33(1.35) | 1.80 | 0.00026 | 0.06(0.06) |
鼠李 Rhamnus davarica | 11(11) | 4.24(4.24) | 15.30 | 0.00333 | 0.06(0.05) |
香杨 Populus koreana | 11(11) | 10.41(10.41) | 18.00 | 0.01152 | 0.05(0.04) |
接骨木 Sambucus williamsii | 8(14) | 2.10(2.18) | 4.20 | 0.00069 | 0.05(0.05) |
山桃稠李 Prunus maackii | 6(7) | 10.77(10.41) | 19.00 | 0.00837 | 0.04(0.04) |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 4(4) | 10.73(10.73) | 26.70 | 0.00731 | 0.03(0.03) |
刺玫果 Rosa acicularis | 3(6) | 1.17(1.15) | 1.50 | 0.00007 | 0.02(0.02) |
蒿柳 Salix viminalis | 3(3) | 8.63(8.63) | 12.20 | 0.00214 | 0.02(0.02) |
谷柳 Salix starkeana var. livida | 3(3) | 7.80(7.80) | 9.80 | 0.00165 | 0.02(0.02) |
五味子 Schisandra chinensis | 3(3) | 2.80(2.80) | 3.70 | 0.00022 | 0.01(0.01) |
伪粉枝柳 Salix rorida var. roridaeformis | 1(2) | 1.20(1.20) | 1.20 | 0.00003 | 0.01(0.01) |
珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia | 1(1) | 1.00(1.00) | 1.00 | 0.00001 | 0.01(0.01) |
总计 Total | 21,355(34,021) | 7.41(5.43) | 42.30241 |
表1 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地的物种组成
Table 1 Species composition of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
树种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 最大胸径 Max. DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Importance value (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
毛榛子 Corylus mandshurica | 4,617(11,195)* | 2.10(1.86) | 6.70 | 0.38147 | 10.50(14.24) |
色木槭 Acer mono | 2,142(2,362) | 7.73(7.27) | 59.00 | 2.43008 | 8.25(7.23) |
刺五加 Acanthopanax senticosus | 1,937(3,328) | 1.57(1.52) | 5.00 | 0.07297 | 5.07(5.31) |
瘤枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus | 1,279(1,730) | 1.85(1.78) | 7.40 | 0.05428 | 4.14(3.84) |
花楷槭 Acer ukurunduense | 1,262(2,573) | 4.26(3.50) | 30.40 | 0.43052 | 4.38(4.93) |
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 1,200(1,219) | 42.81(42.40) | 108.10 | 24.15018 | 23.33(22.65) |
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 988(1,416) | 5.10(5.55) | 26.80 | 0.49454 | 3.58(3.43) |
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata | 971(1,166) | 7.73(6.88) | 64.60 | 1.47732 | 4.65(4.27) |
冷杉 Abies nephrolepis | 905(911) | 16.17(16.08) | 48.30 | 3.00860 | 5.77(5.25) |
东北山梅花 Philadelphus schrenkii | 800(1,103) | 1.70(1.66) | 4.00 | 0.02938 | 2.96(2.80) |
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 728(1,017) | 13.35(11.34) | 94.40 | 3.00901 | 5.13(4.99) |
枫桦 Betula costata | 601(634) | 13.02(12.66) | 83.20 | 2.04383 | 3.73(3.41) |
暴马丁香 Syringa reticulate var. mandshurica | 598(898) | 4.78(4.13) | 32.00 | 0.23008 | 2.42(2.37) |
光萼溲疏 Deutzia gladata | 446(683) | 1.35(1.33) | 2.60 | 0.01099 | 1.73(1.71) |
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 407(423) | 12.54(12.27) | 68.70 | 1.26995 | 2.61(2.39) |
稠李 Prunus padus | 402(741) | 3.71(3.33) | 14.70 | 0.11077 | 1.28(1.38) |
春榆 Ulmus japonica | 392(447) | 5.11(4.79) | 81.50 | 0.29190 | 1.42(1.24) |
黄花忍冬 Lonicera chrysantha | 379(534) | 1.56(1.56) | 4.90 | 0.01266 | 1.52(1.45) |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 220(323) | 7.18(5.95) | 64.30 | 0.25451 | 0.85(0.82) |
龙牙楤木 Aralia elata | 196(235) | 3.08(2.97) | 12.70 | 0.02442 | 0.71(0.63) |
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis | 126(127) | 20.51(20.35) | 81.00 | 0.82988 | 1.30(1.23) |
花楸 Sorbus pohuashanensis | 91(110) | 6.65(6.14) | 30.20 | 0.06735 | 0.50(0.47) |
早花忍冬 Lonicera praeflorens | 87(123) | 1.66(1.64) | 3.30 | 0.00313 | 0.36(0.35) |
大青杨 Populus ussuriensis | 77(78) | 19.73(19.49) | 133.00 | 0.89629 | 0.97(0.93) |
暖木条荚蒾 Viburnum burejaeticum | 69(133) | 1.62(1.58) | 3.00 | 0.00311 | 0.32(0.35) |
山槐 Maackia amurensis | 61(71) | 6.03(5.70) | 14.70 | 0.02984 | 0.26(0.23) |
鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis | 58(59) | 15.70(15.46) | 63.00 | 0.22544 | 0.49(0.46) |
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica | 42(48) | 13.02(12.17) | 55.50 | 0.14238 | 0.33(0.31) |
东北茶藨子 Ribes mandschuricum | 41(68) | 1.42(1.45) | 3.10 | 0.00135 | 0.21(0.21) |
黄菠萝 Phellodendron amurense | 29(32) | 14.84(14.13) | 33.10 | 0.07537 | 0.21(0.20) |
大黄柳 Salix raddeana | 29(32) | 13.34(12.68) | 24.70 | 0.04971 | 0.16(0.14) |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 28(28) | 14.63(14.63) | 31.00 | 0.06837 | 0.19(0.17) |
毛赤杨 Alnus sibirica | 26(33) | 12.79(12.47) | 31.7 | 0.05828 | 0.15(0.14) |
鸡树条荚蒾 Viburnum sargenti | 24(25) | 1.83(1.85) | 3.50 | 0.00084 | 0.12(0.10) |
狗枣猕猴桃 Actinidia kolomikta | 16(20) | 2.03(1.91) | 4.00 | 0.00073 | 0.09(0.09) |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 15(15) | 13.59(13.59) | 22.20 | 0.02730 | 0.09(0.08) |
大叶小檗 Berberis poiretii | 12(16) | 1.33(1.35) | 1.80 | 0.00026 | 0.06(0.06) |
鼠李 Rhamnus davarica | 11(11) | 4.24(4.24) | 15.30 | 0.00333 | 0.06(0.05) |
香杨 Populus koreana | 11(11) | 10.41(10.41) | 18.00 | 0.01152 | 0.05(0.04) |
接骨木 Sambucus williamsii | 8(14) | 2.10(2.18) | 4.20 | 0.00069 | 0.05(0.05) |
山桃稠李 Prunus maackii | 6(7) | 10.77(10.41) | 19.00 | 0.00837 | 0.04(0.04) |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 4(4) | 10.73(10.73) | 26.70 | 0.00731 | 0.03(0.03) |
刺玫果 Rosa acicularis | 3(6) | 1.17(1.15) | 1.50 | 0.00007 | 0.02(0.02) |
蒿柳 Salix viminalis | 3(3) | 8.63(8.63) | 12.20 | 0.00214 | 0.02(0.02) |
谷柳 Salix starkeana var. livida | 3(3) | 7.80(7.80) | 9.80 | 0.00165 | 0.02(0.02) |
五味子 Schisandra chinensis | 3(3) | 2.80(2.80) | 3.70 | 0.00022 | 0.01(0.01) |
伪粉枝柳 Salix rorida var. roridaeformis | 1(2) | 1.20(1.20) | 1.20 | 0.00003 | 0.01(0.01) |
珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia | 1(1) | 1.00(1.00) | 1.00 | 0.00001 | 0.01(0.01) |
总计 Total | 21,355(34,021) | 7.41(5.43) | 42.30241 |
图2 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地种-面积曲线和个体数-面积曲线
Fig. 2 Species-area curve and individual-area curve of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
图3 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地木本植物径级分布
Fig. 3 Distributional patterns of DBH class of woody species of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
图4 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地4个林层物种的径级结构
Fig. 4 Size-class distribution of four vertical layers of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
图5 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地9个主要物种的径级结构
Fig. 5 Size-class distribution of nine major species of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
图6 凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地8个主要乔木树种在3个不同径级的空间分布
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of eight major tree species at three DBH classes of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve
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