贵州省典型汞铊矿区周边农田土壤跳虫群落特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2022265

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大量的采矿活动导致矿区周边土壤重金属污染, 严重危害土壤生物安全。汞、铊等重金属元素毒性强, 相关污染的土壤生态风险鲜有研究。跳虫作为土壤环境变化指示生物, 能很好地反映土壤质量的健康状况。本研究以贵州省某汞铊矿区周边的农田土壤为研究对象, 按离矿区距离和作物类型设置4个采样区, 每个采样区种植2种作物, 每种作物农田设置3个样方。研究土壤跳虫群落结构和多样性及其影响因子。结果表明, 调查区内跳虫平均密度为12,000 ind./m²; 采样区距离矿区越近, 土壤重金属污染程度越大, 综合污染指数越高, 跳虫种数、密度、多样性和丰富度指数均呈先增加再降低的趋势; 环境因子分析表明重金属显著影响跳虫群落结构: Folsomides americanus、Isotomiella minor和Protaphorura encarpatus数量与汞、铊和砷含量呈负相关。高有机质含量能缓解重金属对土壤跳虫的影响, 但作物类型(玉米与薏仁)对土壤跳虫群落结构的影响无显著差异。本研究结果表明土壤有机质或能反向调节重金属污染对土壤跳虫群落的影响。

关键词: 重金属污染, 跳虫, 指示物种, 群落多样性, 土壤动物

Abstract

Aims: Many mining activities can lead to heavy metal pollution in soils near mining areas, leading to negative consequences to the native soil biota. In particular, mercury, thallium, and other heavy metals are highly toxic, but the related ecological risks are rarely studied. As an indicator of soil environmental change, collembola species can be used to assess soil quality.
Method: The study was conducted in an agricultural field near a mercury-thallium mining area in Guizhou Province. Four sampling areas were established according to different pollution levels and crop types, with two crops in each area and three sampling plots for each crop, in order to study the community structure and diversity of soil collembola and its influencing factors.
Results: The mean density of collembola across sampling areas was 12,000 ind./m². The closer a sampling area was to the mining area, the higher level of soil heavy metal pollution and the higher comprehensive pollution index. Generally, collembola species richness, density, and the diversity and richness index initially increased, but then decreased thereafter. Analysis of environmental factors showed that mercury, thallium, and arsenic had a significant negative effect on the community structure of collembola species: Folsomides americanus, Isotomiella minor and Protaphorura encarpatus.
Conclusion: High organic matter content could mitigate the effects of heavy metals on soil collembola. However, in this study there was no significant difference between maize and coix seed on soil collembola community structure. The results of this study indicate that soil organic matter could mitigate the effects of heavy metal pollution on the soil collembola community.

Key words: heavy metal pollution, collembola, indicator species, community diversity, soil fauna

刘厶瑶, 李柱, 柯欣, 孙丽娜, 吴龙华, 赵杰杰 (2022) 贵州省典型汞铊矿区周边农田土壤跳虫群落特征. 生物多样性, 30, 22265. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022265.

Siyao Liu, Zhu Li, Xin Ke, Lina Sun, Longhua Wu, Jiejie Zhao (2022) Community characteristics of soil collembola around a typical mercury-thallium mining area in Guizhou Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22265. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022265.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22265

图/表 9

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	自由度 df	pH	砷 As	铊 Tl	汞 Hg	有效氮 Available-N	有机质 Organic matter	沙粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	粘粒 Clay
作物类型 Crop type	1	0.22	46.1^***	12.1^**	3.77	4.53^*	2.62	1.89	0.24	7.47^**
采样区 Sample area	3	0.80	141^***	90.8^***	115^***	4.96^**	29.8^***	31.4^***	4.10^**	61.6^***
作物类型 × 采样区 Crop type × Sample area	3	0.31	6.45^**	2.47	0.46	0.95	1.28	1.31	2.13	1.71

	自由度 df	pH	砷 As	铊 Tl	汞 Hg	有效氮 Available-N	有机质 Organic matter	沙粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	粘粒 Clay
作物类型 Crop type	1	0.22	46.1^***	12.1^**	3.77	4.53^*	2.62	1.89	0.24	7.47^**
采样区 Sample area	3	0.80	141^***	90.8^***	115^***	4.96^**	29.8^***	31.4^***	4.10^**	61.6^***
作物类型 × 采样区 Crop type × Sample area	3	0.31	6.45^**	2.47	0.46	0.95	1.28	1.31	2.13	1.71

采样区 Sample area		铊 Tl (mg/kg)	砷 As (mg/kg)	汞 Hg (mg/kg)	内梅罗综合污染指数 Nemerow composite pollution index	污染程度 Pollution level
玉米地 Corn area	A	2.19 ± 0.33^g	12.60 ± 2.90^f	0.16 ± 0.01^f	2.84	中度污染 Medium pollution
	B	19.80 ± 0.34^e	106.00 ± 3.82^d	37.70 ± 7.95^e	147	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	C	47.60 ± 2.66^c	326.00 ± 23.60^b	150.00 ± 17.20^c	582	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	D	75.50 ± 6.17^a	386.00 ± 21.60^a	209.00 ± 27.70^a	811	重度污染 Heavy pollution
薏仁地 Coix area	A	2.03 ± 0.71^g	14.00 ± 2.47^f	0.19 ± 0.02^f	2.76	中度污染 Medium pollution
	B	11.20 ± 1.20^f	27.90 ± 1.27^f	7.58 ± 5.03^f	53.10	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	C	34.00 ± 1.59^d	171.00 ± 39.80^c	107.00 ± 22.30^d	451	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	D	68.10 ± 6.26^b	362.00 ± 82.80^a	196.00 ± 53.00^b	892	重度污染 Heavy pollution

采样区 Sample area		铊 Tl (mg/kg)	砷 As (mg/kg)	汞 Hg (mg/kg)	内梅罗综合污染指数 Nemerow composite pollution index	污染程度 Pollution level
玉米地 Corn area	A	2.19 ± 0.33^g	12.60 ± 2.90^f	0.16 ± 0.01^f	2.84	中度污染 Medium pollution
	B	19.80 ± 0.34^e	106.00 ± 3.82^d	37.70 ± 7.95^e	147	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	C	47.60 ± 2.66^c	326.00 ± 23.60^b	150.00 ± 17.20^c	582	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	D	75.50 ± 6.17^a	386.00 ± 21.60^a	209.00 ± 27.70^a	811	重度污染 Heavy pollution
薏仁地 Coix area	A	2.03 ± 0.71^g	14.00 ± 2.47^f	0.19 ± 0.02^f	2.76	中度污染 Medium pollution
	B	11.20 ± 1.20^f	27.90 ± 1.27^f	7.58 ± 5.03^f	53.10	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	C	34.00 ± 1.59^d	171.00 ± 39.80^c	107.00 ± 22.30^d	451	重度污染 Heavy pollution
	D	68.10 ± 6.26^b	362.00 ± 82.80^a	196.00 ± 53.00^b	892	重度污染 Heavy pollution

采样区 Sample area		土壤酸碱度 Soil pH	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	有效氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	粘粒 Clay (%)
玉米地 Corn area	A	4.80 ± 0.35^a	37.90 ± 3.65^d	192.00 ± 4.36^bc	32.60 ± 0.71^c	34.10 ± 1.41^a	33.30 ± 0.81^b
	B	4.45 ± 0.44^a	54.80 ± 4.68^c	174.00 ± 1.34^c	40.00 ± 1.86^b	34.00 ± 2.61^a	26.00 ± 0.83^cd
	C	4.31 ± 0.26^a	103.00 ± 2.69^b	205.00 ± 3.74^bc	45.40 ± 1.09^b	33.70 ± 0.16^a	20.90 ± 1.18^d
	D	5.03 ± 0.53^a	119.00 ± 1.94^a	227.00 ± 6.45^b	59.30 ± 6.98^a	27.00 ± 0.58^b	13.70 ± 2.56^e
薏仁地 Coix area	A	4.47 ± 0.19^b	37.30 ± 3.65^d	196.00 ± 9.00^bc	28.00 ± 1.13^c	31.10 ± 1.41^a	41.00 ± 1.17^a
	B	4.33 ± 0.06^b	55.00 ± 4.68^c	217.00 ± 0.60^bc	44.30 ± 4.34^b	30.50 ± 2.70^a	25.10 ± 3.45^c
	C	5.10 ± 0.18^a	68.40 ± 2.69^c	222.00 ± 4.58^b	46.40 ± 3.15^b	32.60 ± 2.10^a	21.00 ± 1.18^d
	D	4.64 ± 0.46^ab	126.00 ± 1.94^a	303.00 ± 4.82^a	54.20 ± 3.27^a	30.10 ± 1.03^a	15.70 ± 2.30^e