生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476
• 研究报告 • 下一篇
李帆1,2, 王党军1,2, 林小元1,2, 纪康1,2, 叶露萍1,3, 黄超4, 郑勇1, Zhun Mao5, 左娟1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-11-23
接受日期:
2022-04-20
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2022-07-16
通讯作者:
*E-mail: zuojuan@wbgcas.cn
基金资助:
Fan Li1,2, Dangjun Wang1,2, Xiaoyuan Lin1,2, Kang Ji1,2, Luping Ye1,3, Chao Huang4, Yong Zheng1, Mao Zhun5, Juan Zuo1,*()
Received:
2021-11-23
Accepted:
2022-04-20
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2022-07-16
Contact:
*E-mail: zuojuan@wbgcas.cn
摘要:
木质残体可为大型无脊椎动物提供重要栖息地、食物等资源, 并影响其生物多样性。目前针对不同树种、径级及分解阶段的木质残体如何调控土壤大型无脊椎动物群落结构尚不清楚, 相关研究在亚热带森林地区尤为稀缺。为此, 本文选取湖南省八大公山国家级自然保护区柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)及檫木(Sassafras tzumu) 3种树种为研究对象, 每种树种分别选取两类径级(直径分别为10 ± 2 cm、4 ± 2 cm)不同分解阶段的木质残体, 对其中的大型无脊椎动物进行调查。调查于2020年10-11月完成。结果显示: 共捕获大型无脊椎动物2,558只, 隶属4门10纲23目, 不同树种的优势类群、常见类群及稀有类群均存在差异。亮叶水青冈木质残体中大型无脊椎动物个体密度显著高于柳杉和檫木。亮叶水青冈和檫木大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于小径级, 3个树种大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的类群数、特有类群数均大于小径级。木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数及Pielou均匀度指数与木材密度显著负相关, 表明随着分解的进行木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落呈明显变化趋势。木质残体的理化性质(相对含水率、全氮、全碳及碳氮比)和土壤温度、湿度与木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征具有相关性。研究初步表明, 大型无脊椎动物群落特征在所选树种、径级及分解阶段木质残体中具有差异, 在亚热带森林中同时保留不同树种、不同大小径级的木质残体或有利于增加大型无脊椎动物多样性。
李帆, 王党军, 林小元, 纪康, 叶露萍, 黄超, 郑勇, Zhun Mao, 左娟 (2022) 八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征. 生物多样性, 30, 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476.
Fan Li, Dangjun Wang, Xiaoyuan Lin, Kang Ji, Luping Ye, Chao Huang, Yong Zheng, Mao Zhun, Juan Zuo (2022) Community characteristics of macroinvertebrates in woody debris in a subtropical forest in Badagongshan, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476.
类群Groups | 柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei | 亮叶水青冈Fagus lucida | 檫木Sassafras tsumu | 总数Total (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | 个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | 个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | |||
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 68 (43.31) | +++ | 1,592 (79.76) | +++ | 158 (39.01) | +++ | 1,818 (71.07) | +++ |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 20 (12.74) | +++ | 11 (0.55) | + | 134 (33.09) | +++ | 165 (6.45) | ++ |
等翅目 Isoptera | - | - | 146 (7.31) | ++ | 16 (3.95) | ++ | 162 (6.33) | ++ |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 14 (8.92) | ++ | 78 (3.91) | ++ | 26 (6.42) | ++ | 118 (4.61) | ++ |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 19 (12.10) | +++ | 29 (1.45) | ++ | 34 (8.40) | ++ | 82 (3.21) | ++ |
姬马陆目 Julida | - | - | 87 (4.36) | ++ | - | - | 87 (3.40) | ++ |
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 16 (10.19) | +++ | 7 (0.35) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 24 (0.94) | + |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 11 (7.01) | ++ | 7 (0.35) | + | 4 (0.99) | + | 22 (0.86) | + |
蜈蚣目 Scolodenpromorpha | 1 (0.64) | + | 6 (0.30) | + | 12 (2.96) | ++ | 19 (0.74) | + |
综合目 Symphyla | - | - | 8 (0.40) | + | 9 (2.22) | ++ | 17 (0.66) | + |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | - | - | 6 (0.30) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 7 (0.27) | + |
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones | - | - | 4 (0.20) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 5 (0.20) | + |
等足目 Isopoda | 2 (1.27) | ++ | 2 (0.10) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 5 (0.20) | + |
带马陆目 Polydesmida | 1 (0.64) | + | 2 (0.10) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 4 (0.16) | + |
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomrpha | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 3 (0.74) | + | 4 (0.16) | + |
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae | - | - | 3 (0.15) | + | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
三肠目 Tricladida | 1 (0.64) | + | - | - | 2 (0.49) | + | 3 (0.12) | + |
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 3 (1.91) | ++ | - | - | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
异蛰目 Spirostreptida | - | - | 3 (0.15) | + | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
原尾纲 Protura | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 2 (0.08) | + |
半翅目 Hemiptera | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 2 (0.08) | + |
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
球马陆目 Glomerida | 1 (0.64) | + | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
正蚓目 Limbricida | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
总数 Total number | 157 (1.00) | 1,996 (1.00) | 405 (1.00) | 2,558 (1.00) |
表1 柳杉、亮叶水青冈及檫木木质残体大型无脊椎动物群落组成
Table 1 Composition of macroinvertebrate in woody debris of Cryptomeria fortunei, Fagus lucida and Sassafras tsumu
类群Groups | 柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei | 亮叶水青冈Fagus lucida | 檫木Sassafras tsumu | 总数Total (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | 个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | 个体数No. of individuals (%) | 优势度水平Dominance level | |||
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 68 (43.31) | +++ | 1,592 (79.76) | +++ | 158 (39.01) | +++ | 1,818 (71.07) | +++ |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 20 (12.74) | +++ | 11 (0.55) | + | 134 (33.09) | +++ | 165 (6.45) | ++ |
等翅目 Isoptera | - | - | 146 (7.31) | ++ | 16 (3.95) | ++ | 162 (6.33) | ++ |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 14 (8.92) | ++ | 78 (3.91) | ++ | 26 (6.42) | ++ | 118 (4.61) | ++ |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 19 (12.10) | +++ | 29 (1.45) | ++ | 34 (8.40) | ++ | 82 (3.21) | ++ |
姬马陆目 Julida | - | - | 87 (4.36) | ++ | - | - | 87 (3.40) | ++ |
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 16 (10.19) | +++ | 7 (0.35) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 24 (0.94) | + |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 11 (7.01) | ++ | 7 (0.35) | + | 4 (0.99) | + | 22 (0.86) | + |
蜈蚣目 Scolodenpromorpha | 1 (0.64) | + | 6 (0.30) | + | 12 (2.96) | ++ | 19 (0.74) | + |
综合目 Symphyla | - | - | 8 (0.40) | + | 9 (2.22) | ++ | 17 (0.66) | + |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | - | - | 6 (0.30) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 7 (0.27) | + |
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones | - | - | 4 (0.20) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 5 (0.20) | + |
等足目 Isopoda | 2 (1.27) | ++ | 2 (0.10) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 5 (0.20) | + |
带马陆目 Polydesmida | 1 (0.64) | + | 2 (0.10) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 4 (0.16) | + |
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomrpha | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 3 (0.74) | + | 4 (0.16) | + |
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae | - | - | 3 (0.15) | + | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
三肠目 Tricladida | 1 (0.64) | + | - | - | 2 (0.49) | + | 3 (0.12) | + |
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 3 (1.91) | ++ | - | - | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
异蛰目 Spirostreptida | - | - | 3 (0.15) | + | - | - | 3 (0.12) | + |
原尾纲 Protura | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 2 (0.08) | + |
半翅目 Hemiptera | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | 1 (0.25) | + | 2 (0.08) | + |
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
球马陆目 Glomerida | 1 (0.64) | + | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
正蚓目 Limbricida | - | - | 1 (0.05) | + | - | - | 1 (0.04) | + |
总数 Total number | 157 (1.00) | 1,996 (1.00) | 405 (1.00) | 2,558 (1.00) |
df | 个体密度 Individual density | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
树种 Tree species (TS) | 2 | 24.18*** | 1.83 | 3.05 | 17.69*** |
径级 Diameter class (DC) | 1 | 1.10 | 18.18*** | 11.86** | 0.41 |
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS) | 1 | 5.63* | 13.10*** | 11.38** | 0.48 |
树种 × 径级 TS × DC | 2 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.62 | 0.53 |
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS | 2 | 0.41 | 5.89** | 6.69** | 1.30 |
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS | 1 | 8.73** | 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.97 |
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS | 2 | 4.21* | 1.66 | 2.06 | 0.20 |
表2 木质残体不同性状对大型无脊椎动物群落特征影响的多元线性回归分析(F值)
Table 2 Results of multiple linear regression analysis for the effect of different woody debris traits on macroinvertebrate community characteristics (F value)
df | 个体密度 Individual density | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
树种 Tree species (TS) | 2 | 24.18*** | 1.83 | 3.05 | 17.69*** |
径级 Diameter class (DC) | 1 | 1.10 | 18.18*** | 11.86** | 0.41 |
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS) | 1 | 5.63* | 13.10*** | 11.38** | 0.48 |
树种 × 径级 TS × DC | 2 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.62 | 0.53 |
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS | 2 | 0.41 | 5.89** | 6.69** | 1.30 |
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS | 1 | 8.73** | 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.97 |
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS | 2 | 4.21* | 1.66 | 2.06 | 0.20 |
图1 柳杉、亮叶水青冈及檫木不同径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物多样性特征(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一树种不同径级之间差异显著; 不同大写字母表示同一径级不同树种之间差异显著; 图中括号里的数字表示大、小径级参与计算的样品数量。
Fig. 1 Diversity characteristics of macroinvertebrate in different diameter classes of Cryptomeria fortunei, Fagus lucida, and Sassafras tsumu woody debris (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences among different diameter classes of the same tree species. Different capital letters indicate that there are significant differences between different tree species in the same diameter class. The number of samples included are given in parentheses for large and small diameter classes respectively.
图2 不同类型木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落的非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)。图中各个点的大小表示木质残体密度的大小。
Fig. 2 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of macroinvertebrate communities in different types of woody debris. The size of each point in the figure represents the density of wood debris.
自由度 df | 平方和 Sum of squares | 均方 Mean square | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
树种 Tree species (TS) | 2 | 2.58 | 1.29 | 4.36 | 0.001*** |
径级 Diameter class (DC) | 1 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3.01 | 0.006** |
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS) | 1 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 2.98 | 0.006** |
树种 × 径级 TS × DC | 2 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.58 |
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS | 2 | 0.68 | 0.34 | 1.14 | 0.27 |
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS | 1 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.68 | 0.72 |
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS | 2 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.79 |
残差 Residuals | 44 | 12.47 | 0.28 | ||
总数 Total | 55 | 18.27 |
表3 不同树种、径级和分解阶段木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落组成Bray-Curtis相似距离的置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)
Table 3 Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) on Bray-Curtis similarity distances for macroinvertebrate community composition in wood debris of different tree species, diameter classes and decomposition stages
自由度 df | 平方和 Sum of squares | 均方 Mean square | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
树种 Tree species (TS) | 2 | 2.58 | 1.29 | 4.36 | 0.001*** |
径级 Diameter class (DC) | 1 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3.01 | 0.006** |
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS) | 1 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 2.98 | 0.006** |
树种 × 径级 TS × DC | 2 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.58 |
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS | 2 | 0.68 | 0.34 | 1.14 | 0.27 |
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS | 1 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.68 | 0.72 |
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS | 2 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.79 |
残差 Residuals | 44 | 12.47 | 0.28 | ||
总数 Total | 55 | 18.27 |
图3 不同树种、径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物类群组成差异。数字表示类群数, 同一目的成虫和幼虫为两个类群。
Fig. 3 Group composition of macroinvertebrate in woody debris of different tree species and diameter classes. Numbers indicate the number of groups. Adults and larvae of the same order are regarded as two groups.
木材性质 Wood properties | 土壤性质 Soil properties | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density | 相对含水率 WRC | 饱和含水率 WSC | 全碳 WTC | 全氮 WTN | 碳氮比 Wood C/N | 全碳 STC | 全氮 STN | 碳氮比 Soil C/N | 温度 ST | 湿度 SH | |
个体密度 Individual density | -0.02 | 0.07 | -0.05 | -0.29** | 0.20* | -0.25* | 0.08 | 0.15 | -0.19 | 0.38*** | -0.31** |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | -0.33** | 0.44*** | 0.08 | -0.06 | -0.10 | 0.10 | -0.23* | -0.20 | -0.17 | -0.30* | 0.02 |
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | -0.36** | 0.40** | 0.10 | -0.003 | -0.15 | 0.16 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.10 | -0.37** | 0.09 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | -0.46*** | 0.28* | 0.21 | 0.41** | -0.37** | 0.40** | -0.11 | -0.21 | 0.19 | -0.60*** | 0.31* |
表4 不同类型木质残体中大型无脊椎动物多样性特征与木材性质、环境因子的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of macroinvertebrate diversity characteristics with environmental factors and physical and chemical properties in different types of wood debris
木材性质 Wood properties | 土壤性质 Soil properties | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density | 相对含水率 WRC | 饱和含水率 WSC | 全碳 WTC | 全氮 WTN | 碳氮比 Wood C/N | 全碳 STC | 全氮 STN | 碳氮比 Soil C/N | 温度 ST | 湿度 SH | |
个体密度 Individual density | -0.02 | 0.07 | -0.05 | -0.29** | 0.20* | -0.25* | 0.08 | 0.15 | -0.19 | 0.38*** | -0.31** |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | -0.33** | 0.44*** | 0.08 | -0.06 | -0.10 | 0.10 | -0.23* | -0.20 | -0.17 | -0.30* | 0.02 |
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | -0.36** | 0.40** | 0.10 | -0.003 | -0.15 | 0.16 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.10 | -0.37** | 0.09 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | -0.46*** | 0.28* | 0.21 | 0.41** | -0.37** | 0.40** | -0.11 | -0.21 | 0.19 | -0.60*** | 0.31* |
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