八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2021476

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476

• 研究报告 • 下一篇

八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征

李帆¹^,², 王党军¹^,², 林小元¹^,², 纪康¹^,², 叶露萍¹^,³, 黄超⁴, 郑勇¹, Zhun Mao⁵, 左娟¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074, 中国
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国
3.自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室, 广东深圳 518040, 中国
4.湖南省八大公山国家级自然保护区管理处, 湖南张家界 416900, 中国
5.Univ Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France

收稿日期:2021-11-23 接受日期:2022-04-20 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-07-16
通讯作者: *E-mail: zuojuan@wbgcas.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院武汉植物园科研启动项目(Y9559701);自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放基金资助课题(KF-2020-05-012)

Community characteristics of macroinvertebrates in woody debris in a subtropical forest in Badagongshan, China

Fan Li¹^,², Dangjun Wang¹^,², Xiaoyuan Lin¹^,², Kang Ji¹^,², Luping Ye¹^,³, Chao Huang⁴, Yong Zheng¹, Mao Zhun⁵, Juan Zuo¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518040, China
4. Administration Bureau of Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 416900, China
5. Univ Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France

Received:2021-11-23 Accepted:2022-04-20 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-07-16
Contact: *E-mail: zuojuan@wbgcas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质残体可为大型无脊椎动物提供重要栖息地、食物等资源, 并影响其生物多样性。目前针对不同树种、径级及分解阶段的木质残体如何调控土壤大型无脊椎动物群落结构尚不清楚, 相关研究在亚热带森林地区尤为稀缺。为此, 本文选取湖南省八大公山国家级自然保护区柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)及檫木(Sassafras tzumu) 3种树种为研究对象, 每种树种分别选取两类径级(直径分别为10 ± 2 cm、4 ± 2 cm)不同分解阶段的木质残体, 对其中的大型无脊椎动物进行调查。调查于2020年10-11月完成。结果显示: 共捕获大型无脊椎动物2,558只, 隶属4门10纲23目, 不同树种的优势类群、常见类群及稀有类群均存在差异。亮叶水青冈木质残体中大型无脊椎动物个体密度显著高于柳杉和檫木。亮叶水青冈和檫木大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于小径级, 3个树种大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的类群数、特有类群数均大于小径级。木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数及Pielou均匀度指数与木材密度显著负相关, 表明随着分解的进行木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落呈明显变化趋势。木质残体的理化性质(相对含水率、全氮、全碳及碳氮比)和土壤温度、湿度与木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征具有相关性。研究初步表明, 大型无脊椎动物群落特征在所选树种、径级及分解阶段木质残体中具有差异, 在亚热带森林中同时保留不同树种、不同大小径级的木质残体或有利于增加大型无脊椎动物多样性。

关键词: 土壤动物, 木质残体, 树种, 径级, 分解阶段

Abstract

Aims: Woody debris provides essential habitat and food resources for macroinvertebrate communities and greatly impacts soil macrofauna biodiversity. Little is known about how features of woody debris are associated with soil macroinvertebrate communities, especially for subtropical forests. This study aims to investigate the effects of tree species, diameter classes, and decomposition stages of woody debris on the composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities.
Methods: We sampled the woody debris of three tree species (Sassafras tzumu, Fagus lucida, and Cryptomeria fortunei), crossed with two size classes (10 ± 2 cm and 4 ± 2 cm in diameter) at different decomposition stages in the subtropical forests of the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China, from October to November 2020. Then, macroinvertebrates in the sampled woody debris (i.e., taxonomical groups and number of individual) were inventoried for community composition.
Results: (1) A total number of 2,558 individuals belonging to 4 phyla, 10 classes, and 23 orders were found throughout the study. The dominant groups, common groups, and rare groups of macroinvertebrates differed in preferred tree species. (2) The individual density of macroinvertebrates in the woody debris of Fagus lucida was significantly higher than that in Cryptomeria fortunei and Sassafras tzumu. For Fagus lucida and Sassafras tzumu, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of macroinvertebrates was significantly higher in large-diameter woody debris than that in small-diameter debris. The number of total groups and specialist groups of invertebrates in large-diameter wood debris were more than those in small-diameter woody debris. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index of macroinvertebrates in woody debris were significantly and negatively correlated with wood density, indicating shifted macroinvertebrates communities in woody debris with the progress of decomposition. (3) The physical and chemical properties of woody debris (e.g., relative moisture content, total nitrogen, total carbon, and carbon nitrogen ratio), soil temperature and soil humidity were significantly correlated with the characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in woody debris.
Conclusion: Our results highlight that the characteristics of macroinvertebrate community are different depending on the effect of tree species, diameter classes, and decomposition stages of woody debris. Preserving woody debris of both large and small diameter classes and those of different tree species in the subtropical forest can increase the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates.

Key words: soil fauna, woody debris, tree species, diameter class, decomposition stage

李帆, 王党军, 林小元, 纪康, 叶露萍, 黄超, 郑勇, Zhun Mao, 左娟 (2022) 八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征. 生物多样性, 30, 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476.

Fan Li, Dangjun Wang, Xiaoyuan Lin, Kang Ji, Luping Ye, Chao Huang, Yong Zheng, Mao Zhun, Juan Zuo (2022) Community characteristics of macroinvertebrates in woody debris in a subtropical forest in Badagongshan, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21476. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021476.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021476

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/21476

图/表 7

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类群Groups	柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei		亮叶水青冈Fagus lucida		檫木Sassafras tsumu		总数Total (%)	优势度水平Dominance level
类群Groups	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	总数Total (%)	优势度水平Dominance level
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae	68 (43.31)	+++	1,592 (79.76)	+++	158 (39.01)	+++	1,818 (71.07)	+++
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	20 (12.74)	+++	11 (0.55)	+	134 (33.09)	+++	165 (6.45)	++
等翅目 Isoptera	-	-	146 (7.31)	++	16 (3.95)	++	162 (6.33)	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	14 (8.92)	++	78 (3.91)	++	26 (6.42)	++	118 (4.61)	++
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae	19 (12.10)	+++	29 (1.45)	++	34 (8.40)	++	82 (3.21)	++
姬马陆目 Julida	-	-	87 (4.36)	++	-	-	87 (3.40)	++
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	16 (10.19)	+++	7 (0.35)	+	1 (0.25)	+	24 (0.94)	+
蜘蛛目 Araneae	11 (7.01)	++	7 (0.35)	+	4 (0.99)	+	22 (0.86)	+
蜈蚣目 Scolodenpromorpha	1 (0.64)	+	6 (0.30)	+	12 (2.96)	++	19 (0.74)	+
综合目 Symphyla	-	-	8 (0.40)	+	9 (2.22)	++	17 (0.66)	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	-	-	6 (0.30)	+	1 (0.25)	+	7 (0.27)	+
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones	-	-	4 (0.20)	+	1 (0.25)	+	5 (0.20)	+
等足目 Isopoda	2 (1.27)	++	2 (0.10)	+	1 (0.25)	+	5 (0.20)	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	1 (0.64)	+	2 (0.10)	+	1 (0.25)	+	4 (0.16)	+
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomrpha	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	3 (0.74)	+	4 (0.16)	+
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae	-	-	3 (0.15)	+	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
三肠目 Tricladida	1 (0.64)	+	-	-	2 (0.49)	+	3 (0.12)	+
腹足纲 Gastropoda	3 (1.91)	++	-	-	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
异蛰目 Spirostreptida	-	-	3 (0.15)	+	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
原尾纲 Protura	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	1 (0.25)	+	2 (0.08)	+
半翅目 Hemiptera	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	1 (0.25)	+	2 (0.08)	+
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
球马陆目 Glomerida	1 (0.64)	+	-	-	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
正蚓目 Limbricida	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
总数 Total number	157 (1.00)		1,996 (1.00)		405 (1.00)		2,558 (1.00)

类群Groups	柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei		亮叶水青冈Fagus lucida		檫木Sassafras tsumu		总数Total (%)	优势度水平Dominance level
类群Groups	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	个体数No. of individuals (%)	优势度水平Dominance level	总数Total (%)	优势度水平Dominance level
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae	68 (43.31)	+++	1,592 (79.76)	+++	158 (39.01)	+++	1,818 (71.07)	+++
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	20 (12.74)	+++	11 (0.55)	+	134 (33.09)	+++	165 (6.45)	++
等翅目 Isoptera	-	-	146 (7.31)	++	16 (3.95)	++	162 (6.33)	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	14 (8.92)	++	78 (3.91)	++	26 (6.42)	++	118 (4.61)	++
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae	19 (12.10)	+++	29 (1.45)	++	34 (8.40)	++	82 (3.21)	++
姬马陆目 Julida	-	-	87 (4.36)	++	-	-	87 (3.40)	++
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	16 (10.19)	+++	7 (0.35)	+	1 (0.25)	+	24 (0.94)	+
蜘蛛目 Araneae	11 (7.01)	++	7 (0.35)	+	4 (0.99)	+	22 (0.86)	+
蜈蚣目 Scolodenpromorpha	1 (0.64)	+	6 (0.30)	+	12 (2.96)	++	19 (0.74)	+
综合目 Symphyla	-	-	8 (0.40)	+	9 (2.22)	++	17 (0.66)	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	-	-	6 (0.30)	+	1 (0.25)	+	7 (0.27)	+
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones	-	-	4 (0.20)	+	1 (0.25)	+	5 (0.20)	+
等足目 Isopoda	2 (1.27)	++	2 (0.10)	+	1 (0.25)	+	5 (0.20)	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	1 (0.64)	+	2 (0.10)	+	1 (0.25)	+	4 (0.16)	+
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomrpha	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	3 (0.74)	+	4 (0.16)	+
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae	-	-	3 (0.15)	+	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
三肠目 Tricladida	1 (0.64)	+	-	-	2 (0.49)	+	3 (0.12)	+
腹足纲 Gastropoda	3 (1.91)	++	-	-	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
异蛰目 Spirostreptida	-	-	3 (0.15)	+	-	-	3 (0.12)	+
原尾纲 Protura	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	1 (0.25)	+	2 (0.08)	+
半翅目 Hemiptera	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	1 (0.25)	+	2 (0.08)	+
蜚蠊目 Blattoptera	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
球马陆目 Glomerida	1 (0.64)	+	-	-	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
正蚓目 Limbricida	-	-	1 (0.05)	+	-	-	1 (0.04)	+
总数 Total number	157 (1.00)		1,996 (1.00)		405 (1.00)		2,558 (1.00)

	df	个体密度 Individual density	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
树种 Tree species (TS)	2	24.18***	1.83	3.05	17.69***
径级 Diameter class (DC)	1	1.10	18.18***	11.86**	0.41
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS)	1	5.63*	13.10***	11.38**	0.48
树种 × 径级 TS × DC	2	0.28	0.89	0.62	0.53
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS	2	0.41	5.89**	6.69**	1.30
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS	1	8.73**	0.03	0.04	1.97
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS	2	4.21*	1.66	2.06	0.20

	df	个体密度 Individual density	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
树种 Tree species (TS)	2	24.18***	1.83	3.05	17.69***
径级 Diameter class (DC)	1	1.10	18.18***	11.86**	0.41
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS)	1	5.63*	13.10***	11.38**	0.48
树种 × 径级 TS × DC	2	0.28	0.89	0.62	0.53
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS	2	0.41	5.89**	6.69**	1.30
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS	1	8.73**	0.03	0.04	1.97
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS	2	4.21*	1.66	2.06	0.20

	自由度 df	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F	P
树种 Tree species (TS)	2	2.58	1.29	4.36	0.001***
径级 Diameter class (DC)	1	0.96	0.96	3.01	0.006**
分解阶段 Decomposition stage (DS)	1	0.96	0.96	2.98	0.006**
树种 × 径级 TS × DC	2	0.50	0.25	0.88	0.58
树种 × 分解阶段 TS × DS	2	0.68	0.34	1.14	0.27
径级 × 分解阶段 DC × DS	1	0.21	0.21	0.68	0.72
树种 × 径级 × 分解阶段 TS × DC × DS	2	0.40	0.20	0.70	0.79
残差 Residuals	44	12.47	0.28
总数 Total	55	18.27

八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征

Community characteristics of macroinvertebrates in woody debris in a subtropical forest in Badagongshan, China

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	木材性质 Wood properties						土壤性质 Soil properties
	密度 Density	相对含水率 WRC	饱和含水率 WSC	全碳 WTC	全氮 WTN	碳氮比 Wood C/N	全碳 STC	全氮 STN	碳氮比 Soil C/N	温度 ST	湿度 SH
个体密度 Individual density	-0.02	0.07	-0.05	-0.29**	0.20*	-0.25*	0.08	0.15	-0.19	0.38***	-0.31**
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	-0.33**	0.44***	0.08	-0.06	-0.10	0.10	-0.23*	-0.20	-0.17	-0.30*	0.02
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	-0.36**	0.40**	0.10	-0.003	-0.15	0.16	-0.21	-0.21	-0.10	-0.37**	0.09
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	-0.46***	0.28*	0.21	0.41**	-0.37**	0.40**	-0.11	-0.21	0.19	-0.60***	0.31*

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