生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22063.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022063

• 生物编目 • 上一篇    下一篇

梅耶(Frank Nicholas Meyer)在亚欧国家引种植物的路线和种类调查

吴仁武, 南歆格, 晏海, 杨凡, 史琰, 包志毅()   

  1. 浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院, 杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-08 接受日期:2022-05-09 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 包志毅
  • 作者简介: E-mail: bao99928@188.com
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(21YJC770026);浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021FR030)

Review of the legacy of Frank Nicholas Meyer by teasing apart his itineraries and introduced plants in Asia and Europe

Renwu Wu, Xinge Nan, Hai Yan, Fan Yang, Yan Shi, Zhiyi Bao()   

  1. College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300
  • Received:2022-02-08 Accepted:2022-05-09 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-06-23
  • Contact: Zhiyi Bao

摘要:

美国近代派出多名植物猎人在世界各地尤其是中国进行广泛的考察和植物引种。在众多植物猎人中, 弗兰克·尼古拉斯·梅耶(Frank Nicholas Meyer)是最具影响力的人物之一。他从1905年到1918年在亚欧国家(主要是中国)进行了4次植物考察和引种活动。本研究旨在全面梳理梅耶引种植物的路线和植物种类, 并分析其对研究全球植物传播的影响。本文对关于梅耶的引种记录、植物标本和档案进行了广泛的收集, 整理了梅耶引种植物的地点和植物学名; 分析了梅耶在亚洲和欧洲的考察、引种植物的历史。梅耶的4次考察共涉及13个国家和地区, 主要是在中国; 在中国, 采集地涉及18个省级行政区的65个城市。根据引种记录, 梅耶共引种了3,651份植物, 其中3,590份鉴定到科, 隶属于109科; 3,567份鉴定到属, 隶属于392属; 2,644份鉴定到种, 隶属于665种。梅耶非常注重水果、蔬菜、粮食作物和观赏植物的引种。梅耶引种植物的影响极其深远, 促进了植物在全球的传播, 极大地丰富了美国的经济植物和观赏植物; 梅耶的考察范围广且其考察记录可为后人的研究提供基础资料, 同时也对我国植物多样性保护提出了警示。

关键词: 植物引种, 引种路线, 历史, 植物传播, 植物多样性, 中国

Abstract

Aim: Historically, the United States has employed “plant hunters” to search for plants around the world for further investigation. Frank Nicholas Meyer is one of the most impactful plant hunters; he embarked on four expeditions between 1905 and 1918, introducing plants from Asia (mainly in China) and Europe. Understanding Meyer’s legacy is important to understanding how a variety of plants have been propagated and become more diverse across the globe. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to document the routes Meyer traveled and species of plants he discovered.

Methods: We conducted an extensive review of the historical archives of Meyer’s expeditions to Asia and Europe. Specifically, we focused on Meyer’s plant introduction records, scientific names of plants specimens, collection locations, and routes travelled in Asia and Europe.

Results: Meyer’s four expeditions took him to a total of 13 countries and regions (mainly in China), where he visited 65 cities in 18 provinces in China. In total, Meyer introduced 3,651 plants. Among these plants, Meyer documented 3,590 belonging to 109 families, 3,567 belonging to 392 genera, and 2,644 belonging to 665 species.

Conclusions: Meyer’s work introduced an abundance of fruits, vegetables, food crops, and ornamental plants. Meyer has had a far-reaching impact on plants throughout the world, promoting the spread of plants globally and diversifying flora in the United States. The archived documentation of his expeditions can provide basic information for future research. Meyer’s work can also serve as a blueprint to guide the conservation of plant diversity in China.

Key words: plant introduction, introduction routes, history, plant spread, plant diversity, China