生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21464.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021464

• 生态保护红线专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

从划定历程与属性特征正确认识生态保护红线内涵

张琨1, 邹长新1, 张怡2, 刘晓曼3, 高吉喜3,*()   

  1. 1.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
    2.生态环境部环境规划院, 北京 100012
    3.生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-19 接受日期:2022-02-10 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 高吉喜
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: gjx@nies.org
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3901104);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(GYZX210404)

Understanding the connotation of the ecological conservation redline from its delineation process and attribute characteristics

Kun Zhang1, Changxin Zou1, Yi Zhang2, Xiaoman Liu3, Jixi Gao3,*()   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042
    2 Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012
    3 Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094
  • Received:2021-11-19 Accepted:2022-02-10 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-02-28
  • Contact: Jixi Gao

摘要:

生态保护红线是国家生态安全的底线, 也是我国生态文明改革的重大举措。生态保护红线划定实施以来, 因其创新了生态保护模式与制度, 得到了国内和国际社会的广泛关注。然而, 当前对生态保护红线的理解仍不够深入, 一定程度影响了红线的落地应用及其成效发挥。为此, 本文梳理了生态保护红线从理论起源到实践落地的演变历程, 阐述了生态保护红线的科学内涵与时代释义, 分析了生态保护红线的管控要求, 明确提出生态保护红线既要严格管控, 又要适度利用。生态保护红线不是无人区, 而是生态安全的底线、国土空间格局优化的基线, 实现人与自然和谐共生、区域可持续发展是划定生态保护红线的最终目的。未来生态保护红线可考虑从拓展生态保护红线内涵、优化生态廊道识别技术、完善优质生态产品价值实现机制、生态保护成效的可持续性、加强国际推广等方面进一步加以完善。

关键词: 生态保护红线, 生态安全, 经济社会性, 政策

Abstract

Background & Aim: The ecological conservation redline (ECR) acts as the bottom line of national ecological security, as well as a major measure of ecological civilization reform in China. Since the implementation, the ECR has received great attention from both domestic and international communities, considering its innovation in models and systems of ecological conservation. However, the current understanding of the ECR is not deep enough. Some researchers have the misunderstanding that all categories of human activity are prohibited in the ECR, which confuses the ECR with the uninhabited areas. The misunderstanding limits the application and effectiveness of the ECR to a certain extent.

Results: We provide a description on the evolution of the ECR. The ECR is transformed from theoretical assumption at local scale in 2000 to practical implementation at national scale in 2017. We demonstrate the scientific connotation and era interpretation of the ECR. We analyze the management standard of the ECR, and clearly proposes that the management should balance strictly controlling and appropriately utilization. The ECR should serve as the bottom line of ecological security and baseline for land use pattern optimization, rather than the uninhabited area. The ultimate goal of the ECR is the harmonious coexistence between human and nature and regional sustainable development.

Recommendations: The ECR could be further improved in the following aspects: (1) expanding the connotation of the ECR based on the development trend of ecological protection, in order to strengthen the conservation effects of the ECR; (2) developing the identification technology of ecological corridors and incorporating them into the ECR, so as to improve the integration and connectivity of the ECR; (3) optimizing the value realization mechanism of high-quality ecological products to strengthen the supporting ability of the ECR to the “environment‒economy‒society” system; (4) enhancing the sustainability of the ECR with various measures, including financial transfer payments, ecological compensation, ecological industry supporting and education and medical improvement; (5) sharing the experience of the ECR with the global society via international talks, academic forums and researcher exchanges, in order to provide a new model for international ecological protection and biodiversity conservation.

Key words: ecological conservation redline, ecological security, economic sociality, policy