干旱内陆河流域植物群落构建过程及其关键驱动因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2021419

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021419

所属专题：物种形成与系统进化

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

干旱内陆河流域植物群落构建过程及其关键驱动因素

王寅¹^,², 王健铭¹^,², 曲梦君¹^,², 李景文¹^,²^,^*()

1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
2.北京林业大学额济纳胡杨研究所, 内蒙古阿拉善盟 735400

收稿日期:2021-10-21 接受日期:2021-11-18 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 李景文
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971538);国家自然科学基金(31570610)

Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin

Yin Wang¹^,², Jianming Wang¹^,², Mengjun Qu¹^,², Jingwen Li¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2 Ejina Institute of Populus euphratica, Beijing Forestry University, Alxa, Inner Mongolia 735400

Received:2021-10-21 Accepted:2021-11-18 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: Jingwen Li
About author:*E-mail: Lijingwenhy@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为干旱内陆河流域水资源可利用性的决定性因素之一, 地下水位在调节植物功能性状、系统发育乃至植物群落构建方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而地下水位变化对干旱内陆河流域植物群落构建过程相对重要性的影响, 以及这种影响在地上-地下组分间的差异尚未得到系统研究。本文以典型干旱内陆河流域下游的主要植物群落为研究对象, 结合叶片、根系功能性状与环境数据, 系统地探讨植物群落构建过程沿地下水位梯度的变化模式及其关键驱动因素。结果表明: (1)综合植物个体、平均功能性状和系统发育可知, 在整个研究区域, 叶片、根系功能多样性的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ)均小于0。大多数植物群落的功能结构(90%的功能性状)表现为聚集状态。(2)地下水与土壤因子共同解释叶片、根系SES.RaoQ 13%-39%与14%-48%的变异, 而地下水位能够单独解释叶片、根系SES.RaoQ 13%-22%与14%-36%的变异。(3)叶片、根系SES.RaoQ均随平均地下水位的降低而降低, 随地下水位季节性的增加而增加; 根系SES.RaoQ与地下水位的斜率大于叶片SES.RaoQ。总体而言, 干旱内陆河流域植物群落的构建机制整体上由确定性过程主导, 支持生态位理论, 大多数植物群落的构建机制符合生态位理论中的环境筛选作用。地下水位是调控不同群落构建过程相对重要性的主要因素, 随地下水位的降低, 功能结构由发散状态转为聚集状态。植物群落地上、地下功能结构沿地下水位梯度的变化表现出一致性, 但植物群落地下部分对地下水位的变化更为敏感。

关键词: 群落构建, 叶片, 根系, 地下水位, 干旱内陆河流域

Abstract

Aims One of the determinants of water availability in drylands, groundwater plays a fundamental role in regulating plant traits, phylogeny, and community assemblage. However, considerable uncertainties exist regarding how groundwater depth influences the relative importance of community assembly process in plant communities, as well as how the influence differs among the above- and belowground components.

Methods By using the leaf and root functional traits, in addition to associated environmental factors in 230 plant communities in the lower reaches of an arid inland river basin, we attempted to uncover how the pattern of the community assembly process varied along a depth gradient of groundwater and the key drivers of this variation.

Results (1) Across all study sites, we found that the standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) of leaf and root functional diversity determined using the plant individual species, mean functional traits and phylogenetic information was significantly less than zero. Functional clustering was pervasive among plant communities (90% of the traits). (2) Groundwater depth and soil variables together explained 13%-39% and 14%-48% of the variation in SES.RaoQ determined using leaf and root traits, respectively, and groundwater depth individually explained 13%-22% and 14%-36% of the variation. (3) The SES.RaoQ determined using leaf and root traits decreased as mean groundwater depth decreased, but it increased with increased groundwater depth seasonality. Root traits showed a faster shift in SES.RaoQ along groundwater depth gradients than leaf traits.

Conclusion Plant communities in an arid inland river basin are primarily affected by deterministic processes, which supports the niche theory. Most plant communities exhibited functional clustering. Groundwater depth is the key factor determining the relative importance of the community assembly process of plant communities. With the decrease of groundwater depths, the functional structure changes from a pattern of mostly overdispersion to a pattern of clustering. The variation in aboveground functional structure along groundwater gradients is highly consistent with that of the belowground functional structure, but the belowground component of plant communities may be more sensitive to changes in groundwater depth.

Key words: community assembly, leaf, root, groundwater depth, arid inland river basin

王寅, 王健铭, 曲梦君, 李景文 (2022) 干旱内陆河流域植物群落构建过程及其关键驱动因素. 生物多样性, 30, 21419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021419.

Yin Wang, Jianming Wang, Mengjun Qu, Jingwen Li (2022) Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021419.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021419

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I2/21419

图/表 8

表1 研究区植物群落与植被类型

Table 1 Information on plant community and vegetation types in our study region

采样点 Site	植被类型 Vegetation type (中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2007)	物种丰富度 Species richness	平均(范围)地下水位 Mean (Range) groundwater depth (m)	与河道的距离 Distance from the river channel (m)	海拔 Altitude (m)
1	胡杨疏林 Populus euphratica woodland	8.4 ± 1.8	1.30 (0.38-1.70)	32	959
2		7.8 ± 0.9	1.78 (1.43-2.16)	47	1,010
3		7.9 ± 1.4	1.80 (1.52-2.00)	99	939
4		4.4 ± 1.7	1.96 (1.76-2.23)	104	915
5		2.6 ± 0.7	2.30 (2.17-2.48)	230	1,064
6	多枝柽柳灌丛 Tamarix ramosissima scrub	6.2 ± 1.5	2.12 (1.77-2.38)	643	907
7		2.4 ± 0.7	2.93 (2.37-3.23)	1,698	951
8		2.8 ± 0.6	4.75 (4.39-4.97)	2,821	914
9		2.8 ± 1.2	5.04 (4.92-5.31)	3,397	903
10		3.9 ± 0.9	3.81 (3.71-3.92)	3,249	945
11		3.9 ± 0.7	2.53 (2.32-2.62)	831	946
12	膜果麻黄荒漠 Ephedra przewalskii desert	7.0 ± 0.8	2.70 (2.48-2.96)	641	1,027
13		5.2 ± 0.6	3.15 (3.09-3.21)	3,610	1,012
14		2.6 ± 0.7	3.54 (3.43-3.59)	1,941	945
15	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	6.1 ± 1.0	3.12 (2.93-3.22)	912	976
16	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	4.9 ± 0.9	3.92 (3.47-4.13)	2,562	1,032
17	泡泡刺荒漠 Nitraria sphaerocarpa desert	4.1 ± 1.4	4.21 (4.18-4.24)	4,288	993
18		2.9 ± 0.7	6.68 (6.66-6.70)	5,745	976
19		3.4 ± 0.7	6.24 (6.21-6.26)	4,842	932
20	沙拐枣荒漠 Calligonum mongolicum desert	3.2 ± 0.4	4.00 (3.78-4.18)	4,285	1,027
21	小果白刺荒漠 Nitraria sibirica desert	3.4 ± 0.8	5.45 (5.27-5.68)	4,029	960
22	红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongorica desert	6.0 ± 1.7	2.68 (2.48-2.85)	1,867	1,009
23		6.2 ± 1.2	2.85 (2.43-3.01)	649	980
24		2.6 ± 0.7	3.39 (2.65-3.91)	2,098	926
25		2.8 ± 0.8	3.79 (3.64-3.98)	4,300	928
26	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	4.3 ± 1.2	2.77 (2.61-2.91)	2,097	937
27	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	6.1 ± 2.0	2.78 (2.35-2.93)	1,429	985

表1 研究区植物群落与植被类型

Table 1 Information on plant community and vegetation types in our study region

采样点 Site	植被类型 Vegetation type (中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2007)	物种丰富度 Species richness	平均(范围)地下水位 Mean (Range) groundwater depth (m)	与河道的距离 Distance from the river channel (m)	海拔 Altitude (m)
1	胡杨疏林 Populus euphratica woodland	8.4 ± 1.8	1.30 (0.38-1.70)	32	959
2		7.8 ± 0.9	1.78 (1.43-2.16)	47	1,010
3		7.9 ± 1.4	1.80 (1.52-2.00)	99	939
4		4.4 ± 1.7	1.96 (1.76-2.23)	104	915
5		2.6 ± 0.7	2.30 (2.17-2.48)	230	1,064
6	多枝柽柳灌丛 Tamarix ramosissima scrub	6.2 ± 1.5	2.12 (1.77-2.38)	643	907
7		2.4 ± 0.7	2.93 (2.37-3.23)	1,698	951
8		2.8 ± 0.6	4.75 (4.39-4.97)	2,821	914
9		2.8 ± 1.2	5.04 (4.92-5.31)	3,397	903
10		3.9 ± 0.9	3.81 (3.71-3.92)	3,249	945
11		3.9 ± 0.7	2.53 (2.32-2.62)	831	946
12	膜果麻黄荒漠 Ephedra przewalskii desert	7.0 ± 0.8	2.70 (2.48-2.96)	641	1,027
13		5.2 ± 0.6	3.15 (3.09-3.21)	3,610	1,012
14		2.6 ± 0.7	3.54 (3.43-3.59)	1,941	945
15	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	6.1 ± 1.0	3.12 (2.93-3.22)	912	976
16	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	4.9 ± 0.9	3.92 (3.47-4.13)	2,562	1,032
17	泡泡刺荒漠 Nitraria sphaerocarpa desert	4.1 ± 1.4	4.21 (4.18-4.24)	4,288	993
18		2.9 ± 0.7	6.68 (6.66-6.70)	5,745	976
19		3.4 ± 0.7	6.24 (6.21-6.26)	4,842	932
20	沙拐枣荒漠 Calligonum mongolicum desert	3.2 ± 0.4	4.00 (3.78-4.18)	4,285	1,027
21	小果白刺荒漠 Nitraria sibirica desert	3.4 ± 0.8	5.45 (5.27-5.68)	4,029	960
22	红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongorica desert	6.0 ± 1.7	2.68 (2.48-2.85)	1,867	1,009
23		6.2 ± 1.2	2.85 (2.43-3.01)	649	980
24		2.6 ± 0.7	3.39 (2.65-3.91)	2,098	926
25		2.8 ± 0.8	3.79 (3.64-3.98)	4,300	928
26	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	4.3 ± 1.2	2.77 (2.61-2.91)	2,097	937
27	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	6.1 ± 2.0	2.78 (2.35-2.93)	1,429	985

图1 研究区的地理位置。(a)黑河流域和主要地形特征; (b)植物群落野外采样点。

Fig. 1 Geographic locations of study regions. (a) Heihe River basin and its main topographic features; (b) Distribution map of field survey sites.

图2 干旱内陆河流域植物群落的功能结构。基于Rao二次熵指数的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ)的平均值 ± 95%置信区间表征功能结构。*代表SES.RaoQ的均值与0之间的差异显著, NS代表差异不显著。

Fig. 2 Functional structure in all plant communities across arid inland river basin. Functional structure evaluated based on the mean ± 95% confidence intervals of standardized effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ). * Significant differences between mean of SES.RaoQ and 0 at P < 0.05; NS, Not signiﬁcant. LPC, Leaf phosphorus concentration; LNC, Leaf nitrogen concentration; LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; RPC, Root phosphorus concentration; RNC, Root nitrogen concentration; RL, Root length; SRL, Specific root length.

图3 黑河流域所有植物群落中功能或系统发育聚集和发散的植物群落的比例。(a)基于单一植物群落中物种性状值; (b)基于所有植物群落中物种平均性状值。灰色实线表示群落比例为50%。缩写含义同图2。

Fig. 3 The proportion of functional or phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion in all plant communities across Heihe River basin. (a) Species trait values within each community; (b) Mean trait values across all plant communities. The gray line indicates the 50% of community. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

表2 植物功能性状的系统发育信号

Table 2 Phylogenetic signal of plant functional traits

功能性状 Functional trait	Blomberg’s K	P
叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC)	0.040	0.924
叶磷含量 Leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC)	0.124	0.357
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	0.084	0.630
叶面积 Leaf area (LA)	0.110	0.431
根氮含量 Root nitrogen concentration (RNC)	0.177	0.110
根磷含量 Root phosphorus concentration (RPC)	0.056	0.846
比根长 Specific root length (SRL)	0.210	0.059
根长 Root length (RL)	0.199	0.060

图4 地下水位和土壤变量对Rao二次熵指数的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ)的解释。柱状图为各环境变量对SES.RaoQ的相对贡献量, 总解释率为R2。左侧图为各因子的效应估计值与95%置信区间。图中灰色表示土壤变量; 黑色表示地下水位。MGWD: 平均地下水位; SDGWD: 地下水位季节性; SEC: 土壤电导率; SOC: 土壤有机质; SAN: 土壤有效氮; SAP: 土壤有效磷; SM: 土壤水分。其余缩写含义同图2。

Fig. 4 Relative contribution of groundwater depth and soil variables for standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ). The independent contribution of each variable, expressed as the percentage of explained variance, is shown in each bar chart. Variance explained refers to the R2. Figures on the left show the parameter estimates (standardized coefficients) and the associated 95% confidence interval. Gray color represents for soil variables; Black color represents for groundwater depth. MGWD, Mean groundwater depth; SDGWD, Groundwater depth seasonality; SEC, Soil electric conductivity; SOC, Soil organic matter; SAN, Soil available nitrogen; SAP, Soil available phosphorus; SM, Soil moisture. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

图5 Rao二次熵指数的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ) (平均值 ± 95%置信区间)沿平均地下水位(a)与地下水位季节性(b)梯度的变化规律。R为相关系数。***表示P < 0.001, NS表示不显著。缩写含义同图2。

Fig. 5 Change in standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) (mean ± 95% confidence interval) along the gradients of mean groundwater depth (a) and groundwater depth seasonality (b). R is correlation coefficients. *** P < 0.001; NS, not significant. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

图6 Rao二次熵指数的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ)沿平均地下水位梯度的变化规律。正值(蓝色点)表示功能结构发散, 负值(红色点)表示功能结构聚集。具体缩写含义同图2。

Fig. 6 Variations in standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) along the mean groundwater depth gradient. Positive values (blue points) indicate functional overdispersion, while negative values (red points) indicate functional clustering. The meanings of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

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干旱内陆河流域植物群落构建过程及其关键驱动因素

Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin

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