生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21356.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.20221356

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

天然林和人工林外来入侵和本地植物对比研究: 以弄岗国家级自然保护区为例

郭朝丹1,2, 赵彩云1,*(), 李飞飞1, 李俊生1   

  1. 1.中国环境科学研究院生态研究所, 北京 100012
    2.兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-03 接受日期:2021-11-10 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2021-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 赵彩云
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: zhaocy@craes.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1201100)

Comparative study of invasive and native herbs in natural forests and plantation forests: With Nonggang National Nature Reserve as an example

Chaodan Guo1,2, Caiyun Zhao1,*(), Feifei Li1, Junsheng Li1   

  1. 1 Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
    2 School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:2021-09-03 Accepted:2021-11-10 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2021-11-23
  • Contact: Caiyun Zhao

摘要:

外来植物的入侵严重威胁了自然保护区的生物多样性。为探讨自然保护区内天然林和人工林林下外来植物入侵状况及其与本地优势植物的种间关系, 本研究以弄岗国家级自然保护区为研究区域, 结合保护区内4种生境72个样方的野外调查数据, 利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠和种间联结指数比较了不同生境中外来入侵草本植物的多样性和生态位宽度以及外来入侵草本植物与本土优势草本植物的生态位重叠和种间联结。结果表明: 弄岗国家级自然保护区4种生境共记录6种外来入侵草本植物, 隶属于3科6属, 其中菊科物种数量最多。外来入侵植物多样性呈现出秋枫(Bischofia javanica)人工林 > 麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)次生林 > 人面子(Dracontomelon duperreanum)人工林 > 广西澄广花(Orophea polycarpa)次生林的特征。除广西澄广花次生林生境的外来入侵草本植物丰富度与本土草本植物丰富度呈显著正相关外, 其余生境均无显著的相关关系。三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)的生态位宽度最大, 为4种生境均有分布的外来入侵植物。4种生境的外来入侵植物与本土优势植物生态位重叠和种间联结程度均较低, 种间竞争较弱。本研究明确了弄岗国家级自然保护区天然林和人工林中外来入侵草本植物的分布及其与本土草本植物的种间关系。

关键词: 外来入侵植物, 生境, 多样性, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠, 种间联结

Abstract

Aims: Presence of many invasive plants have seriously threaten the biodiversity in nature reserves. The abundance of species is recorded in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve, but the invasion of alien plants has posed a threat to biodiversity. Exploring the invasion status of alien plants in different habitats and their interspecific relationships with dominant native plants can help the reserve identify priority habitats for the prevention and management of invasive plant species, as well as help managers to prevent further spread of invasive species by regulating the interspecific relationships between invasive species and native plants.

Methods: The four habitats included in this study are: Bischofia javanica plantation forest, Dracontomelon duperreanumplantation forest, Dendrocalamus latiflorus natural forest, and Orophea polycarpa natural forest. Each of these habitats are located besides main traffic roads. In each habitat, we established a large sample plot of 10 m × 24 m, and 72 small quadrats of 1 m × 1 m were then set up at different distances from the roads in the large sample plot for vegetation surveys. The herbaceous species (including tree and shrub seedlings) in the 1 m × 1 m plots, as well as their number, height and cover were recorded. The diversity indices of invasive and native herbs, the niche width of invasive herbs, and their niche overlap and interspecific association indices with dominant native herbs were calculated and compared.

Results: A total of 6 invasive herbs were recorded in four habitats in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve, belonging to 3 families and 6 genera, with the most species in the family Asteraceae. The highest diversity of invasive alien herbs exhibited in the Bischofia javanica plantation forest, followed by the Dendrocalamus latiflorusnatural forest, the Dracontomelon duperreanum plantation forest, and then the Orophea polycarpa natural forest. Except for the richness of invasive herbs in the Orophea polycarpa natural forest, which indicated a significant positive correlation with the richness of native herbs, there were no significant correlations in all the other habitats. The niche width of Bidens pilosa was the largest, and it was the most widespread invasive herb in all four habitats. The niche overlap and interspecific association between the invasive herbs and the dominant native herbs in all four habitats were low, and the interspecific competition between the invasive herbs and the dominant native herbs was weak.

Conclusion: Our results provide a clear picture of the distribution of invasive herbs in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve and their interspecific relationships with native herbs.

Key words: invasive plant, habitat, diversity, niche width, niche overlap, interspecific association