中国西沙群岛植物多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西沙群岛是我国南端的一群热带岛屿, 自然环境独特, 植物区系特殊。本文通过对西沙群岛24个岛屿的野外实地调查, 并结合相关文献资料, 研究分析了西沙群岛的植物多样性、分布以及植物区系, 并列出了该地区的植物名录。结果表明, 西沙群岛共有维管植物396种, 隶属于85科262属, 其中野生植物220种, 栽培植物176种。总体来说, 西沙群岛植物种类较贫乏, 各岛屿植物多样性差异较大。植物区系以热带成分为主, 是我国热带珊瑚岛植物区系的典型代表, 其区系成分与海南岛植物区系联系最为密切, 与我国台湾、中南半岛、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等的区系亦密切相关。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 植物多样性, 植物区系, 植物名录, 热带岛屿, 珊瑚岛

Abstract

The Paracel Islands (Xisha Islands) comprise a group of tropical islands that are located south of mainland China and have a particular natural flora. Based on a literature search and our own investigations, we present here a checklist of plants for 24 of the Paracel Islands. We also report an analysis of plant diversity, its distribution and relationship with that of neighboring regions. A total of 396 vascular plants were recorded which belonged to 262 genera and 85 families. Of these, 220 were wild species and 176 were cultivated. As a whole, the islands do not possess a rich flora; however, there are major differences in plant diversity among islands. The flora consists in large part of tropical elements, typical of tropical coral islands of China. The flora is most closely connected to that of Hainan Island, and closely related to those of Taiwan of China, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Key words: Paracel Islands, plant diversity, flora, plant list, tropical island, coral island

童毅, 简曙光, 陈权, 李玉玲, 邢福武 (2013) 中国西沙群岛植物多样性. 生物多样性, 21, 364-374. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11222.

Yi Tong,Shuguang Jian,Quan Chen,Yuling Li,Fuwu Xing (2013) Vascular plant diversity of the Paracel Islands, China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 364-374. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11222.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11222

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I3/364

图/表 6

参考文献 14

1	Department of Ocean of Hainan Province (海南省海洋厅), The Head Office of Comprehensive Investigation of Marine Island Resources in Hainan Province (海南省海岛资源综合调查领导小组办公室) (1996) The Research Report of Comprehensive Investigation of Marine Island Resources in Hainan Province (海南省海岛资源综合调查研究报告). China Ocean Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
2	Paracel Islands Plant Expedition of Guangdong Institute of Botany (广东省植物研究所西沙群岛植物调查队) (1977) Plants and Vegetation on Xisha Islands of China (我国西沙群岛的植物和植被). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
3	Wang R (王瑞), Tang WH (唐文浩), Song YM (宋玉梅), Zhou SC (周石池) (2011) Analysis on quality status and characteristics of soil environment in Xisha Islands.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences(安徽农业科学), 39, 5837-5840. (in Chinese with English abstract)
4	Wu DL (吴德邻), Xing FW (邢福武), Ye HG (叶华谷), Li ZX (李泽贤), Chen BH (陈炳辉) (1996) Study on the spermatophytic flora of South China Sea islands.Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany(热带亚热带植物学报), 4, 1-22. (in Chinese with English abstract)
5	Wu ZH (吴兆洪), Qin RC (秦仁昌) (1991) Fern Families and Genera of China (中国蕨类植物科属志). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
6	Wu ZY (吴征镒) (1991) The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants.Acta Botanica Yunnanica(云南植物研究), 13(Suppl. IV), 1-139. (in Chinese)
7	Xing FW (邢福武), Li ZX (李泽贤), Ye HG (叶华谷), Chen BH (陈炳辉), Wu DL (吴德邻) (1993a) A study on the floristic plant geography of Xisha Islands, South China.Tropical Geography(热带地理), 13, 250-257. (in Chinese with English abstract)
8	Xing FW (邢福武), Wu DL (吴德邻) (1996) Flora of Nansha Islands and Their Neighbouring Islands (南沙群岛及其邻近岛屿植物志). China Ocean Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
9	Xing FW (邢福武), Wu DL (吴德邻), Li ZX (李泽贤), Ye HG (叶华谷), Chen BH (陈炳辉) (1993b) Investigation of plant resources in Xisha Islands.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment(植物资源与环境), 2(3), 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
10	Zhang HD (1948) The vegetation of the Paracel Islands.Sunyatsenia, 7(1-2), 75-88. (in English)
11	Zhang HD (张宏达) (1974) The vegetation of Paracel Islands.Chinese Bulletin of Botany(植物学通报), 16(3), 180-190. (in Chinese with English abstract)
12	Zhang L (张浪), Liu ZW (刘振文), Jiang DQ (姜殿强) (2011) Ecological investigation of the vegetation in the Paracel Islands.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报), 27(14), 181-186. (in Chinese with English abstract)
13	Zhao HT (赵焕庭), Song CJ (宋朝景), Yu KF (余克服), Yuan JY (袁家义) (1994) Nature and development of Yongxing Island and Shi Island of Xisha Islands.Marine Science Bulletin(海洋通报), 13(5), 44-56. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14	Zhong Y (钟义) (1990) The plant resources investigation of Paracel Islands, Hainan.Journal of Hainan Normal University(海南师范学院学报), 3(1), 48-65. (in Chinese with English abstract)

植物类群 Plant type	科数 Family (%)	属数 Genus (%)	种数 Species (%)
野生植物 Wild plants
蕨类植物 Pteridophytes	3 (3.53)	3 (1.15)	4 (1.01)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
被子植物 Angiosperms	43 (50.59)	136 (51.91)	216 (54.55)
小计 Subtotal	46 (54.12)	139 (53.05)	220 (55.56)
栽培植物 Cultivated plants
蕨类植物 Pteridophytes	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	4 (4.71)	4 (1.53)	5 (1.26)
被子植物 Angiosperms	4 (4.71)	4 (1.53)	5 (1.26)
小计 Subtotal	63 (74.12)	140 (53.44)	176 (44.44)
总计 Total	85 (-)	262 (-)	396 (-)

植物类群 Plant type	科数 Family (%)	属数 Genus (%)	种数 Species (%)
野生植物 Wild plants
蕨类植物 Pteridophytes	3 (3.53)	3 (1.15)	4 (1.01)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
被子植物 Angiosperms	43 (50.59)	136 (51.91)	216 (54.55)
小计 Subtotal	46 (54.12)	139 (53.05)	220 (55.56)
栽培植物 Cultivated plants
蕨类植物 Pteridophytes	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	4 (4.71)	4 (1.53)	5 (1.26)
被子植物 Angiosperms	4 (4.71)	4 (1.53)	5 (1.26)
小计 Subtotal	63 (74.12)	140 (53.44)	176 (44.44)
总计 Total	85 (-)	262 (-)	396 (-)

科名 Family name	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	分布区类型 Areal-types
禾本科 Poaceae	30	48	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
蝶形花科 Papilionaceae	13	19	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	6	14	泛热带分布 Pantropic
莎草科 Cyperaceae	4	13	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
锦葵科 Malvaceae	5	12	泛热带分布 Pantropic
茜草科 Rubiaceae	7	10	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	4	11	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
菊科 Compositae	8	9	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
苋科 Amaranthaceae	5	7	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
茄科 Solanaceae	3	7	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
椴树科 Tiliaceae	3	5	热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted
苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae	3	5	热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted
马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	5	5	热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted
合计 Total	96	165	-

科名 Family name	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	分布区类型 Areal-types
禾本科 Poaceae	30	48	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
蝶形花科 Papilionaceae	13	19	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	6	14	泛热带分布 Pantropic
莎草科 Cyperaceae	4	13	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
锦葵科 Malvaceae	5	12	泛热带分布 Pantropic
茜草科 Rubiaceae	7	10	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	4	11	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
菊科 Compositae	8	9	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
苋科 Amaranthaceae	5	7	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
茄科 Solanaceae	3	7	世界分布 Cosmopolitan
椴树科 Tiliaceae	3	5	热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted
苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae	3	5	热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted
马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	5	5	热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted
合计 Total	96	165	-

分布区类型 Areal-types	属数 No. of genera (%)
1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	10 (-)
2 泛热带分布 Pantropic	82 (63.57)
2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲(墨西哥)间断 Trop. Asia, Austr. & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted	3 (2.33)
2-2 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted	3 (2.33)
3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted	10 (7.75)
4 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	16 (12.40)
4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & Austr.	1 (0.78)
5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical. Asia & Trop. Austr.	7 (5.43)
6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa	2 (1.55)
7 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia	2 (1.55)
8 北温带分布 N. Temp.	1 (0.78)
10-3 欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断 Eurasia & S. Africa disjuncted	1 (0.78)
(17) 澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、新几内亚和温带南美间断 Extratropical Trans-Pacific disjunction	1 (0.78)
合计 Total	139 (100)