生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 462-474. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015251
所属专题: 中国西南干旱河谷的植物多样性
杨济达1, 张志明1, 沈泽昊2, 欧晓昆1,*(), 耿宇鹏1, 杨明玉1
收稿日期:
2015-09-18
接受日期:
2016-04-26
出版日期:
2016-04-20
发布日期:
2016-05-11
通讯作者:
欧晓昆
基金资助:
Jida Yang1, Zhiming Zhang1, Zehao Shen2, Xiaokun Ou1,*(), Yupeng Geng1, Mingyu Yang1
Received:
2015-09-18
Accepted:
2016-04-26
Online:
2016-04-20
Published:
2016-05-11
Contact:
Ou Xiaokun
摘要:
特殊的地理位置和独特的地形地貌特征组合形成了典型的干热气候环境, 在云南省亚热带高原山地河谷下部发育了一类特有的植被类型, 即干热河谷植被。干热河谷植被具有非地带性和稀有性, 以及由土地利用变化为主的人为活动干扰导致的脆弱性。本文回顾了干热河谷植被的研究历史, 分别从干热河谷的植物群落学和植物区系学、干热河谷植被与土地的关系以及干热河谷植被保护与恢复三个方面进行了总结。植物群落与区系研究主要集中于群落分类、植被分类、群落特征、人为干扰影响、区系特征、性质和起源; 植被与土地关系研究侧重于土壤特性、土地利用/覆盖变化、土地退化及水土流失状况; 植被保护与恢复的热点在植被恢复目标、植被恢复功能区划、植被恢复引种及筛选及植被恢复效益评价研究。未来在这些区域应注重自然灾害及预防、水电工程建设对植被的影响及其响应等方面的研究, 深入开展大尺度植被时空格局的监测和动态服务功能分析。
杨济达, 张志明, 沈泽昊, 欧晓昆, 耿宇鹏, 杨明玉 (2016) 云南干热河谷植被与环境研究进展. 生物多样性, 24, 462-474. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015251.
Jida Yang,Zhiming Zhang,Zehao Shen,Xiaokun Ou,Yupeng Geng,Mingyu Yang (2016) Review of research on the vegetation and environment of dry-hot valleys in Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 24, 462-474. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015251.
河流 Rivers | 分布区域 Distribution | 两侧山脉 Mountain range | 分布长度 Length (km) | 底部海拔 Altitude (m) | 峰线高度 Peak line height (m) | 上下高差Dispersion (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
怒江 Nu River | 六库-龙陵 Liuku-Longling | 怒山/高黎贡山 Nushan/Gaoligong | 220 | <1,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 |
元江 Yuan River | 新平-蒙自 Xinping-Mengzi | 哀牢山/无量山 Ailao/Wuliang | 300 | 300-600 | 3,000 | 2,000 |
金沙江 Jinsha River | 鹤庆-布拖 Heqing-Butuo | 乌蒙山/云岭 Wumeng/Yunling | 850 | 700-1,200 | 2,500-3,500 | 2,000 |
澜沧江 Lancang River | 南涧-凤庆 Nanjian-Fengqing | 怒山南/无量山 Nushan/Wuliang | 250 | 800-900 | 2,500-3,000 | 1,500-2,000 |
表1 云南4条主要河流干热河谷分布情况
Table 1 The distribution of dry-hot valleys of four major rivers in Yunnan
河流 Rivers | 分布区域 Distribution | 两侧山脉 Mountain range | 分布长度 Length (km) | 底部海拔 Altitude (m) | 峰线高度 Peak line height (m) | 上下高差Dispersion (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
怒江 Nu River | 六库-龙陵 Liuku-Longling | 怒山/高黎贡山 Nushan/Gaoligong | 220 | <1,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 |
元江 Yuan River | 新平-蒙自 Xinping-Mengzi | 哀牢山/无量山 Ailao/Wuliang | 300 | 300-600 | 3,000 | 2,000 |
金沙江 Jinsha River | 鹤庆-布拖 Heqing-Butuo | 乌蒙山/云岭 Wumeng/Yunling | 850 | 700-1,200 | 2,500-3,500 | 2,000 |
澜沧江 Lancang River | 南涧-凤庆 Nanjian-Fengqing | 怒山南/无量山 Nushan/Wuliang | 250 | 800-900 | 2,500-3,000 | 1,500-2,000 |
气候因子 Climatic factors | 元江坝 Yuanjiangba | 元谋龙江 Longjiang, Yuanmou |
---|---|---|
年均温 Annual mean temperature (℃) | 23.7 | 21.5 |
最冷月均温 Average temperature of the coldest month (℃) | 16.7 | 15.1 |
≥10℃的年积温 ≥10℃ Annual accumulated temperature (℃) | 8,708.9 | 7,996.1 |
年均霜日 Annual mean frosty day | 0.7 | 2.0 |
年均降水量 Annual mean precipitation (mm) | 805.1 | 634.0 |
年均蒸发量 Annual mean evaporation (mm) | 2,750.9 | 3,847.8 |
年蒸发量/年降水量 Annual mean evaporation/annual mean precipitation | 3.4 | 6.1 |
年均相对湿度 Annual mean humidity (%) | 69 | 54 |
雨季/旱季降水量 Rainy season precipitation /dry season precipitation (%) | 81/19 | 92/8 |
表2 元江坝、金沙江元谋龙江干热河谷气候条件对比
Table 2 Comparison of climate condition between dry-hot valleys in Yuanjiangba and Longjiang, Yuanmou
气候因子 Climatic factors | 元江坝 Yuanjiangba | 元谋龙江 Longjiang, Yuanmou |
---|---|---|
年均温 Annual mean temperature (℃) | 23.7 | 21.5 |
最冷月均温 Average temperature of the coldest month (℃) | 16.7 | 15.1 |
≥10℃的年积温 ≥10℃ Annual accumulated temperature (℃) | 8,708.9 | 7,996.1 |
年均霜日 Annual mean frosty day | 0.7 | 2.0 |
年均降水量 Annual mean precipitation (mm) | 805.1 | 634.0 |
年均蒸发量 Annual mean evaporation (mm) | 2,750.9 | 3,847.8 |
年蒸发量/年降水量 Annual mean evaporation/annual mean precipitation | 3.4 | 6.1 |
年均相对湿度 Annual mean humidity (%) | 69 | 54 |
雨季/旱季降水量 Rainy season precipitation /dry season precipitation (%) | 81/19 | 92/8 |
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