生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 11-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.011 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2010.011
所属专题: 传粉生物学; 昆虫多样性与生态功能; 生物入侵
张洪芳1,3, 李利强2, 刘仲健2, 罗毅波1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2009-06-15
接受日期:
2009-12-16
出版日期:
2010-01-20
发布日期:
2010-01-20
通讯作者:
罗毅波
作者简介:
* E-mail: luoyb@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Hongfang Zhang1,3, Liqiang Li2, Zhongjian Liu2, Yibo Luo1,2,*()
Received:
2009-06-15
Accepted:
2009-12-16
Online:
2010-01-20
Published:
2010-01-20
Contact:
Yibo Luo
摘要:
迁地保护是防止物种灭绝的有效措施。为了解在新栖息地兰科植物与昆虫之间的关系, 从而为兰科植物的保护提供借鉴, 作者对迁地栽培于深圳市全国兰科植物种质资源保护中心的本地种血叶兰(Ludisia discolor)和外来种银带虾脊兰(Calanthe argenteo-striata)的传粉系统和繁殖策略进行了观察和研究。血叶兰和银带虾脊兰都具有白色小花组成的花序, 且花有距。在开放栽培条件下, 菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)是这两种兰科植物唯一有效的传粉者。菜粉蝶携带血叶兰和银带虾脊兰花粉块的部位分别是降落时平衡身体的左侧足部和取食花蜜的喙。两种兰科植物传粉效率较高, 花粉移走与沉降的比值分别为1.14:1和0.74:1。血叶兰的结实率在2007和2008两年间无显著差异, 且均高于银带虾脊兰。究其原因, 一方面是由于它为传粉者提供报酬; 另一方面是因为血叶兰的花期与菜粉蝶的盛发期相吻合, 有利于充分利用传粉者; 而银带虾脊兰的花期滞后于菜粉蝶的盛发期, 传粉者缺失使得部分花未能授粉。血叶兰和银带虾脊兰都是高度自交亲和的物种, 但不存在无融合生殖和自动自花授粉的现象; 自交和异交的繁殖成功率无显著差异。这两种兰科植物可能存在由传粉者导致的自交现象。血叶兰和银带虾脊兰在迁地栽培到兰科中心后生长良好, 每年花期都有自然结果的现象, 植株周围有新生幼苗的建立, 种群有逐渐扩大的趋势, 显示出迁地保护的可行性。可以预测若干年后, 这两个种在兰科中心具有建立稳定种群的可能性。
张洪芳, 李利强, 刘仲健, 罗毅波 (2010) 菜粉蝶对两种迁地保护的兰科植物传粉和繁殖成功的作用. 生物多样性, 18, 11-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.011.
Hongfang Zhang, Liqiang Li, Zhongjian Liu, Yibo Luo (2010) The butterfly Pieris rapae resulting in the reproductive success of two transplanted orchids in a botanical garden. Biodiversity Science, 18, 11-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.011.
图1 血叶兰和银带虾脊兰的花部形态与传粉者。(A)血叶兰的花序; (B)血叶兰的花正面: ac, 药帽; l, 唇瓣; v, 粘盘; se, 距口; (C)菜粉蝶的腿携带血叶兰的花粉块; (D)银带虾脊兰的花序; (E)银带虾脊兰的花正面观: ac, 药帽; sc, 柱头腔; l, 唇瓣; v, 粘盘; se, 距口; pa, 突起; (F)菜粉蝶的喙携带银带虾脊兰的花粉块。
Fig. 1 The floral morphology of Ludisia discolor and Calanthe argenteo-striata, and their pollinators, Pieris rapae. (A) The inflorescence of L. discolor; (B) Front view of L. discolor flower: ac, Anther cap; l, Labellum; v, Viscidium; se, Spur entrance; (C) The pollinaria of L. discolor are carried by the legs of Pieris rapae; (D) The inflorescence of C. argenteo-striata; (E) Front view of C. argenteo-striata flower: ac, anther cap; sc, Stigma cavity; l, Labellum; v, Viscidium; se, Spur entrance; pa, Papilla; (F) The pollinaria of C. argenteo-striata are carried by the proboscis of Pieris rapae.
花序数 No. of inflorescence | 结果率 Fruit set (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
血叶兰 Ludisia discolor | 银带虾脊兰 Calanthe argenteo-striata | ||
人工自花授粉 Self-pollination (S) | 10 | 91.47 | 91.82 |
人工异花授粉 Outcross-pollination (O) | 10 | 89.77 | 89.95 |
套袋 Bagged (B) | 10 | 0 | 0 |
去雄 Emasculated and bagged (E) | 10 | 0 | 0 |
自然传粉 Open pollination (2007) | 20 | 48.94 | 17.44 |
自然传粉 Open pollination (2008) | 20 | 47.18 | 11.27 |
表1 血叶兰和银带虾脊兰繁育系统实验结果
Table 1 Breeding system of Ludisia discolor and Calanthe argenteo-striata
花序数 No. of inflorescence | 结果率 Fruit set (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
血叶兰 Ludisia discolor | 银带虾脊兰 Calanthe argenteo-striata | ||
人工自花授粉 Self-pollination (S) | 10 | 91.47 | 91.82 |
人工异花授粉 Outcross-pollination (O) | 10 | 89.77 | 89.95 |
套袋 Bagged (B) | 10 | 0 | 0 |
去雄 Emasculated and bagged (E) | 10 | 0 | 0 |
自然传粉 Open pollination (2007) | 20 | 48.94 | 17.44 |
自然传粉 Open pollination (2008) | 20 | 47.18 | 11.27 |
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