辽宁獐子岛马牙滩潮间带及近岸海区大型底栖动物群落特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为摸清辽宁獐子岛潮间带及近岸海区的大型底栖动物的分布现状和群落受扰动情况, 作者于2011年11月中旬在马牙滩潮间带和近岸海区采集大型底栖动物, 采用优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数, Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析、MDS标序和ABC曲线等方法, 分析该区域内大型底栖动物群落的生态学特点。结果表明, 在潮间带共鉴定大型底栖动物39种, 优势类群为多毛类、甲壳类和软体类; 优势种均为多毛类, 即小头虫(Capitella capitata)、多美沙蚕(Lycastopsis augenari)、仙居虫(Naineris laevigata)和短叶索沙蚕(Lumbrineris latreilli); 平均生物量为25.76 ± 41.08 g/m², 以软体动物占优势; 平均栖息密度为315.11 ± 160.73 个/m², 以多毛类占优势; 丰富度指数、均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的平均值分别为1.17 ± 0.89, 0.74 ± 0.17和1.80 ± 1.09。近岸海区共鉴定大型底栖动物40种, 优势类群为多毛类、甲壳动物、软体动物和棘皮动物。优势种包括4种棘皮动物和1种多毛类, 即紫蛇尾(Ophiopholis mirabilis)、日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)、短叶索沙蚕、心形海胆(Echinocardium cordatum)和浅水萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiura sarsiivadicola)。近岸海区的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为218.86 ± 152.24 g/m²和700.00 ± 471.51 个/m², 均以棘皮动物占优势。丰富度指数、均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的平均值分别为1.40 ± 0.60, 0.64 ± 0.19和2.04 ± 0.78。聚类分析结果表明, 潮间带不同潮区间和近岸海区不同断面间群落差异显著。ABC曲线分析显示, 獐子岛潮间带底质环境受到中度扰动, 大型底栖动物群落结构处于不稳定状态; 近岸海区受到轻度干扰, 群落结构未发生明显变化。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落特征, 生物多样性, 獐子岛, 黄海

Abstract

We completed a quantitative investigation of the macrobenthic community in the intertidal zone and offshore areas of Zhangzi Island in November 2011 to identify the distribution and potential anthropogenic impacts on this aquatic community. Four biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis similarity, MDS ordination analyses, and ABC curves were used in the present work to analyze the community structure. We identified 39 total macrobenthic species in the intertidal zone of Maya Beach, of which the most dominant groups were the Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, and Mollusca. We found four dominant species belonging to Polychaeta, including Capitella capitata, Lycastopsis augenari, Naineris laevigata, and Lumbrineris latreilli. Average biomass of the intertidal zone was 25.76 ± 41.08 g/m², of which Mollusca contributed most. Average density was 315.11 ± 160.73 ind./m², of which the Polychaeta contributed most. The average value of three biodiversity indices were relatively low (Richness index 1.17 ± 0.89, Evenness index 0.74 ± 0.17 and Shannon-Wiener index 1.80 ± 1.09). We identified 40 species in the offshore areas, of which the most dominant group was Polychaeta, followed by Crustacea, Mollusca and Echinodermata. We also identified five dominant species in offshore areas, including Ophiopholis mirabilis, Amphioplus japonicus, Lumbrineris latreilli, Echinocardium cordatum, and Ophiura sarsiivadicola. The average value of biomass and density was higher in the offshore areas compared to that of intertidal zone, with 218.86 ± 152.24 g/m² and 700.00 ± 471.51 ind./m², respectively. The average value of Richness index was 1.40 ± 0.60, Evenness index 0.64 ± 0.19 , and Shannon-Wiener index 2.04 ± 0.78. MDS ordination analysis showed that community structure was significantly different within the intertidal zone and the offshore areas. Lastly, the macrobenthos fauna in intertidal zone were impacted by a moderate anthropogenic disturbance, whereas the fauna in offshore areas was slightly disturbed.

Key words: macrobenthos, community structure, biodiversity, Zhangzi Island, Yellow Sea

王全超, 韩庆喜, 李宝泉 (2013) 辽宁獐子岛马牙滩潮间带及近岸海区大型底栖动物群落特征. 生物多样性, 21, 11-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08107.

,Qingxi Han,Baoquan Li (2013) Macrobenthic fauna in the intertidal and offshore areas of Zhangzi Island. Biodiversity Science, 21, 11-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08107.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I1/11

图/表 6

参考文献 29

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断面 Section	种数 No. of species (S)	丰富度 Richness index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')
潮间带 Intertidal zone
LT	13.00 ± 1.73	2.07 ± 0.23	0.71 ± 0.12	2.60 ± 0.36
MT	8.67 ± 4.04	1.27 ± 0.58	0.80 ± 0.09	2.34 ± 0.59
HT	1.67 ± 0.58	0.17 ± 0.17	0.70 ± 0.39	0.46 ± 0.49
均值 Average	7.78 ± 5.43	1.17 ± 0.89	0.74 ± 0.17	1.80 ± 1.09
近岸海区 Offshore area
S1	15.00 ± 2.00	2.04 ± 0.23	0.69 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.10
S2	7.00 ± 3.00	1.08 ± 0.59	0.71 ± 0.18	1.99 ± 0.94
S3	8.00 ± 2.65	1.08 ± 0.32	0.51 ± 0.26	1.45 ± 0.66
均值 Average	10.00 ± 4.39	1.40 ± 0.60	0.64 ± 0.19	2.04 ± 0.78

断面 Section	种数 No. of species (S)	丰富度 Richness index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')
潮间带 Intertidal zone
LT	13.00 ± 1.73	2.07 ± 0.23	0.71 ± 0.12	2.60 ± 0.36
MT	8.67 ± 4.04	1.27 ± 0.58	0.80 ± 0.09	2.34 ± 0.59
HT	1.67 ± 0.58	0.17 ± 0.17	0.70 ± 0.39	0.46 ± 0.49
均值 Average	7.78 ± 5.43	1.17 ± 0.89	0.74 ± 0.17	1.80 ± 1.09
近岸海区 Offshore area
S1	15.00 ± 2.00	2.04 ± 0.23	0.69 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.10
S2	7.00 ± 3.00	1.08 ± 0.59	0.71 ± 0.18	1.99 ± 0.94
S3	8.00 ± 2.65	1.08 ± 0.32	0.51 ± 0.26	1.45 ± 0.66
均值 Average	10.00 ± 4.39	1.40 ± 0.60	0.64 ± 0.19	2.04 ± 0.78

物种 Species	潮间带 Intertidal zone	近岸海区 Offshore areas
多毛类 Polychaeta
锥稚虫 Aonides oxycephala	+	+
花索沙蚕 Arabella iricolor	+
钩小蛇稚虫 Boccardiella hamata	+
小头虫 Capitella capitata	+
金毛丝鳃虫 Cirratulus chrysoderma		+
丝鳃虫 C. cirratus	+
须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata	+	+
额刺裂虫 Ehlersia cornuta	+
长双须虫 Eteone longa	+
埃氏蛰龙介 Terebella ehrenbergi	+
白色吻沙蚕 Glycera alba		+
锥唇吻沙蚕 G. onomichiensis	+	+
角吻沙蚕属一种 Goniada sp.		+
覆瓦哈鳞虫 Harmothoe imbricata	+
丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiforms		+
双唇索沙蚕 Lumbrineris cruzensis	+
短叶索沙蚕 L. latreilli	+	+
长叶索沙蚕 L. longiforlia	+
多美沙蚕 Lycastopsis augenari	+
小健足虫 Micropodarke dubia	+
仙居虫 Naineris laevigata	+	+
全刺沙蚕 Nectoneanthes oxypoda	+
囊叶齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys caeca		+
多鳃齿吻沙蚕 N. polybranchia		+
珠角裸沙蚕 Nicon moniloceras	+
蜈蚣欧努菲虫 Onuphis geophiliformis		+
欧文虫 Owenia fusiformis		+
独齿围沙蚕 Perinereis cultrifera		+
多齿围沙蚕 P. nuntia	+
乳突半突虫 Phyllodoce papillosa		+
树蛰虫 Pista cristata		+
双管阔沙蚕 Platynereis bicanaliculata	+
杂色伪沙蚕 Pseudonereis variegata	+
日本叉毛豆维虫 Schistomeringos japonica	+
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata		+
多丝独毛虫 Tharyx multifilis		+
模裂虫属一种 Typosyllis sp.	+
软体动物 Mollusca
泥螺 Bullacta exarata		+
单一丽口螺 Calliostoma unicum			+
灰双齿蛤 Felaniella usta			+
黄短口螺 Inquisitor flavidula			+
朝鲜花冠小月螺 Lunella coronate coreensis			+
异白樱蛤 Macoma incongrua		+
浅黄白樱蛤 M. tokyoensis		+
江户布目蛤 Protothaca jedoenses		+
菲律宾蛤 Ruditapes philippinarum		+
醒目云母蛤 Yoldia notabilis			+
甲壳动物 Crustacea
窄异跳钩虾 Allorchestes angustus		+
双眼钩虾属一种 Ampelisca sp.		+
日本藻钩虾 Ampithoe japonica	+
强壮藻钩虾 A. valida	+
长尾虫属一种 Apseudes sp.		+
河蜾蠃蜚 Corophium acherusicum	+
日本褐虾 Crangon hakodatei		+
塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis		+
平背蜞 Gaetice depressus	+
日本拟钩虾 Gammaropsis japonicus		+
相似著名团水虱 Gnorimosphaeroma simillina	+
肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus	+
施氏玻璃钩虾 Hyale schmidti	+
长额超刺糠虾 Hyperacanthomysis longirostris		+
马尔他钩虾属一种 Melita sp.		+
独眼钩虾属一种 Monoculode sp.		+
日本游泳水虱 Natatolana japonensis		+
大寄居蟹 Pagurus ochotensis	+
仿尖头钩虾属一种 Paraphoxus sp.	+	+
尖额钩虾属一种 Phoxocephalus sp.		+
棘皮动物 Echinodermata
日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus		+
心形海胆 Echinocardium cordatum		+
紫蛇尾 Ophiopholis mirabilis		+
浅水萨氏真蛇尾 Ophiura sarsiivadicola		+
其他 Others
纽虫动物一种 Nemertinea 1	+	+

物种 Species	潮间带 Intertidal zone	近岸海区 Offshore areas
多毛类 Polychaeta
锥稚虫 Aonides oxycephala	+	+
花索沙蚕 Arabella iricolor	+
钩小蛇稚虫 Boccardiella hamata	+
小头虫 Capitella capitata	+
金毛丝鳃虫 Cirratulus chrysoderma		+
丝鳃虫 C. cirratus	+
须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata	+	+
额刺裂虫 Ehlersia cornuta	+
长双须虫 Eteone longa	+
埃氏蛰龙介 Terebella ehrenbergi	+
白色吻沙蚕 Glycera alba		+
锥唇吻沙蚕 G. onomichiensis	+	+
角吻沙蚕属一种 Goniada sp.		+
覆瓦哈鳞虫 Harmothoe imbricata	+
丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiforms		+
双唇索沙蚕 Lumbrineris cruzensis	+
短叶索沙蚕 L. latreilli	+	+
长叶索沙蚕 L. longiforlia	+
多美沙蚕 Lycastopsis augenari	+
小健足虫 Micropodarke dubia	+
仙居虫 Naineris laevigata	+	+
全刺沙蚕 Nectoneanthes oxypoda	+
囊叶齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys caeca		+
多鳃齿吻沙蚕 N. polybranchia		+
珠角裸沙蚕 Nicon moniloceras	+
蜈蚣欧努菲虫 Onuphis geophiliformis		+
欧文虫 Owenia fusiformis		+
独齿围沙蚕 Perinereis cultrifera		+
多齿围沙蚕 P. nuntia	+
乳突半突虫 Phyllodoce papillosa		+
树蛰虫 Pista cristata		+
双管阔沙蚕 Platynereis bicanaliculata	+
杂色伪沙蚕 Pseudonereis variegata	+
日本叉毛豆维虫 Schistomeringos japonica	+
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata		+
多丝独毛虫 Tharyx multifilis		+
模裂虫属一种 Typosyllis sp.	+
软体动物 Mollusca
泥螺 Bullacta exarata		+
单一丽口螺 Calliostoma unicum			+
灰双齿蛤 Felaniella usta			+
黄短口螺 Inquisitor flavidula			+
朝鲜花冠小月螺 Lunella coronate coreensis			+
异白樱蛤 Macoma incongrua		+
浅黄白樱蛤 M. tokyoensis		+
江户布目蛤 Protothaca jedoenses		+
菲律宾蛤 Ruditapes philippinarum		+
醒目云母蛤 Yoldia notabilis			+
甲壳动物 Crustacea
窄异跳钩虾 Allorchestes angustus		+
双眼钩虾属一种 Ampelisca sp.		+
日本藻钩虾 Ampithoe japonica	+
强壮藻钩虾 A. valida	+
长尾虫属一种 Apseudes sp.		+
河蜾蠃蜚 Corophium acherusicum	+
日本褐虾 Crangon hakodatei		+
塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis		+
平背蜞 Gaetice depressus	+
日本拟钩虾 Gammaropsis japonicus		+
相似著名团水虱 Gnorimosphaeroma simillina	+
肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus	+
施氏玻璃钩虾 Hyale schmidti	+
长额超刺糠虾 Hyperacanthomysis longirostris		+
马尔他钩虾属一种 Melita sp.		+
独眼钩虾属一种 Monoculode sp.		+
日本游泳水虱 Natatolana japonensis		+
大寄居蟹 Pagurus ochotensis	+
仿尖头钩虾属一种 Paraphoxus sp.	+	+
尖额钩虾属一种 Phoxocephalus sp.		+
棘皮动物 Echinodermata
日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus		+
心形海胆 Echinocardium cordatum		+
紫蛇尾 Ophiopholis mirabilis		+
浅水萨氏真蛇尾 Ophiura sarsiivadicola		+
其他 Others
纽虫动物一种 Nemertinea 1	+	+

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