生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 3-10. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08151
廖一波1,2, 寿鹿2,3, 曾江宁2,*(), 高爱根2, 汤雁滨2, 严小军1, 陈全震2
收稿日期:
2012-07-29
接受日期:
2012-10-21
出版日期:
2013-01-20
发布日期:
2013-02-04
通讯作者:
曾江宁
基金资助:
Yibo Liao1,2, Lu Shou2,3, Jiangning Zeng2,*(), Aigen Gao2, Yanbin Tang2, Xiaojun Yan1, Quanzhen Chen2
Received:
2012-07-29
Accepted:
2012-10-21
Online:
2013-01-20
Published:
2013-02-04
Contact:
Zeng Jiangning
摘要:
为研究浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区大型底栖动物功能群的变化规律及其与环境因子的关系, 作者分别于2010年4月(春季)、11月(秋季), 2011年8月(夏季)和2012年2月(冬季)进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查, 共鉴定出大型底栖动物78种, 根据其食性类型划分为浮游生物食者、植食者、肉食者、杂食者、碎屑食者5种功能群。各功能群平均密度从高到低依次为浮游生物食者>肉食者>植食者>碎屑食者>杂食者, 平均生物量从高到低依次为浮游生物食者>碎屑食者>肉食者>杂食者>植食者。单因素方差分析结果表明, 大型底栖动物各功能群的密度和生物量季节间均无显著性差异。典范对应分析结果表明, 影响大型底栖动物功能群的主要环境因子包括温度、溶解氧、溶解态无机磷和表层沉积物的中值粒径, 排序轴对功能群-环境关系的贡献率计算结果表明环境变量可以较好地解释功能群的变化情况。
廖一波, 寿鹿, 曾江宁, 高爱根, 汤雁滨, 严小军, 陈全震 (2013) 浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区大型底栖动物功能群特征及其与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 21, 3-10. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08151.
Yibo Liao,Lu Shou,Jiangning Zeng,Aigen Gao,Yanbin Tang,Xiaojun Yan,Quanzhen Chen (2013) Functional groups of marine macrobenthos in relation to environmental factors around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve, Zhejiang. Biodiversity Science, 21, 3-10. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08151.
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 15.2±0.5 | 29.3±0.3 | 15.0±0.6 | 9.8±0.7 | F3,24 = 1,770.05 | <0.01 |
盐度 Salinity | 14.9±3.7 | 21.1±5.8 | 24.2±0.7 | 21.1±0.8 | F3,24 = 8.92 | <0.01 |
pH | 7.95±0.02 | 7.87±0.04 | 8.05±0.01 | 7.96±0.01 | F3,24=68.00 | <0.01 |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | 8.26±0.35 | 5.72±0.14 | 8.14±0.06 | 9.53±0.27 | F3,24=327.09 | <0.01 |
溶解态无机氮 Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (mg/L) | 0.805±0.228 | 0.842±0.231 | 0.692±0.042 | 0.769±0.081 | F3,24=595.90 | <0.01 |
溶解态无机磷 Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.035±0.001 | 0.029±0.002 | 0.040±0.003 | 0.025±0.002 | F3,24=61.84 | <0.01 |
中值粒径 Median particle diameter (μm) | 6.12±0.21 | 6.37±0.31 | 6.05±0.05 | 5.96±0.34 | F3,24=3.31 | 0.04 |
有机碳 Total organic carbon (%) | 1.20±0.12 | 0.99±0.02 | 0.81±0.06 | 0.77±0.08 | F3,24= 46.80 | <0.01 |
表1 浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区邻近海域环境参数(平均值±标准差)的季节变化
Table 1 Seasonal variation of environmental parameters around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve, Zhejiang
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 15.2±0.5 | 29.3±0.3 | 15.0±0.6 | 9.8±0.7 | F3,24 = 1,770.05 | <0.01 |
盐度 Salinity | 14.9±3.7 | 21.1±5.8 | 24.2±0.7 | 21.1±0.8 | F3,24 = 8.92 | <0.01 |
pH | 7.95±0.02 | 7.87±0.04 | 8.05±0.01 | 7.96±0.01 | F3,24=68.00 | <0.01 |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | 8.26±0.35 | 5.72±0.14 | 8.14±0.06 | 9.53±0.27 | F3,24=327.09 | <0.01 |
溶解态无机氮 Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (mg/L) | 0.805±0.228 | 0.842±0.231 | 0.692±0.042 | 0.769±0.081 | F3,24=595.90 | <0.01 |
溶解态无机磷 Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.035±0.001 | 0.029±0.002 | 0.040±0.003 | 0.025±0.002 | F3,24=61.84 | <0.01 |
中值粒径 Median particle diameter (μm) | 6.12±0.21 | 6.37±0.31 | 6.05±0.05 | 5.96±0.34 | F3,24=3.31 | 0.04 |
有机碳 Total organic carbon (%) | 1.20±0.12 | 0.99±0.02 | 0.81±0.06 | 0.77±0.08 | F3,24= 46.80 | <0.01 |
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density | ||||||
浮游生物食者 Planktophagous group | 415 | 91 | 457 | 61 | F3,24=0.90 | 0.46 |
植食者 Phytophagous group | 9 | 89 | 34 | 36 | F3,24=1.54 | 0.23 |
肉食者 Carnivorous group | 38 | 46 | 54 | 66 | F3,24=0.53 | 0.67 |
杂食者 Omnivorous group | 3 | 3 | 0 | 14 | F3,24=2.99 | 0.05 |
碎屑食者 Detritivorous group | 19 | 30 | 19 | 61 | F3,24=1.92 | 0.15 |
生物量 Biomass | ||||||
浮游生物食者 Planktophagous group | 14.16 | 2.58 | 47.02 | 1.14 | F3,24=1.29 | 0.30 |
植食者 Phytophagous group | 2.61 | 3.36 | 4.95 | 2.48 | F3,24=0.37 | 0.77 |
肉食者 Carnivorous group | 6.20 | 5.60 | 3.23 | 6.81 | F3,24=0.38 | 0.77 |
杂食者 Omnivorous group | 0.05 | 12.63 | 0.00 | 1.55 | F3,24=1.92 | 0.15 |
碎屑食者 Detritivorous group | 23.72 | 0.30 | 1.80 | 1.69 | F3,24=1.19 | 0.34 |
表2 浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区邻近海域大型底栖动物各功能群密度(个/m2)和生物量(g/m2)的季节变化
Table 2 Seasonal changes of density and biomass of macrobenthic functional groups around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve, Zhejiang
春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density | ||||||
浮游生物食者 Planktophagous group | 415 | 91 | 457 | 61 | F3,24=0.90 | 0.46 |
植食者 Phytophagous group | 9 | 89 | 34 | 36 | F3,24=1.54 | 0.23 |
肉食者 Carnivorous group | 38 | 46 | 54 | 66 | F3,24=0.53 | 0.67 |
杂食者 Omnivorous group | 3 | 3 | 0 | 14 | F3,24=2.99 | 0.05 |
碎屑食者 Detritivorous group | 19 | 30 | 19 | 61 | F3,24=1.92 | 0.15 |
生物量 Biomass | ||||||
浮游生物食者 Planktophagous group | 14.16 | 2.58 | 47.02 | 1.14 | F3,24=1.29 | 0.30 |
植食者 Phytophagous group | 2.61 | 3.36 | 4.95 | 2.48 | F3,24=0.37 | 0.77 |
肉食者 Carnivorous group | 6.20 | 5.60 | 3.23 | 6.81 | F3,24=0.38 | 0.77 |
杂食者 Omnivorous group | 0.05 | 12.63 | 0.00 | 1.55 | F3,24=1.92 | 0.15 |
碎屑食者 Detritivorous group | 23.72 | 0.30 | 1.80 | 1.69 | F3,24=1.19 | 0.34 |
图2 浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区邻近海域大型底栖动物功能群密度和生物量的百分比组成。A: 春季; B: 夏季; C: 秋季; D: 冬季
Fig. 2 Percentage of density and biomass of macrobenthic functional groups around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve, Zhejiang. A, Spring; B, Summer; C, Autumn; D, Winter.
图3 大型底栖动物功能群与环境因子的CCA排序图。T: 温度; S: 盐度; DO: 溶解氧; DIN: 溶解态无机氮; DIP: 溶解态无机磷; Md: 中值粒径; TOC: 有机碳; Pl: 浮游生物食者; Ph: 植食者; C: 肉食者; O: 杂食者; D: 碎屑食者。
Fig. 3 CCA ordination diagrams of macrobenthic functional groups and environmental factors. T: Temperature; S: Salinity; DO: Dissolved oxygen; DIN: Dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DIP: Dissolved inorganic phosphorus; Md: Median particle diameter; TOC: Total organic carbon; Pl: Planktophagous group; Ph: Phytophagous group; C: Carnivorous group; O: Omnivorous group; D: Detritivorous group.
排序轴 CCA axes | 轴 Axis | 总惯量 Total inertia | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
特征值 Eigenvalues | 0.336 | 0.115 | 0.017 | 0.002 | 0.957 |
功能群与环境因子相关系数 Functional groups-environment correlations | 0.805 | 0.743 | 0.357 | 0.151 | |
排序轴对功能群-环境关系的贡献率 Cumulative percentage variance of functional groups-environment relation | 71.6 | 96.0 | 99.5 | 100.0 |
表3 典范对应分析各排序轴的特征值、功能群与环境因子排序轴的相关系数
Table 3 Eigenvalues for CCA axes and functional groups-environment correlations
排序轴 CCA axes | 轴 Axis | 总惯量 Total inertia | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
特征值 Eigenvalues | 0.336 | 0.115 | 0.017 | 0.002 | 0.957 |
功能群与环境因子相关系数 Functional groups-environment correlations | 0.805 | 0.743 | 0.357 | 0.151 | |
排序轴对功能群-环境关系的贡献率 Cumulative percentage variance of functional groups-environment relation | 71.6 | 96.0 | 99.5 | 100.0 |
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autummn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
多毛类 Polychaeta | ||||
矮小稚齿虫 Apoprionospio pygmaea | + | |||
稚齿虫科一种 Spionidae sp. | + | |||
伪才女虫属一种 Pseudopolydora sp. | + | + | ||
渤海格鳞虫 Gattyana pohaiensis | + | |||
双鳃内卷齿蚕 Aglaophamus dibranchis | + | + | ||
中华内卷齿蚕 A. sinersis | + | + | ||
无疣齿吻沙蚕 Inermonephtys inermis | + | + | ||
加州齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys californiensis | + | + | ||
毛齿吻沙蚕 N. ciliata | + | + | ||
多鳃齿吻沙蚕 N. polybranchia | + | |||
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis | + | |||
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanvae | + | |||
后指虫 Laonice cirrata | + | + | ||
尖刺缨虫 Potamilla acuminata | + | |||
漏斗节须虫 Isocirrus watsoni | + | |||
米列虫 Melinna cristata | + | + | ||
日本叉毛豆维虫 Schistomeringos japonica | + | |||
三角洲双须虫 Eteone delta | + | |||
沙蠋科一种 Arenicolidae spp. | + | |||
长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori | + | + | + | |
吻沙蚕属一种 Glycera sp. | + | |||
须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata | + | + | + | |
杂毛虫属一种 Poecilochaetus sp. | + | |||
长锥虫 Haploscoloplos elongatus | + | |||
智利巢沙蚕 Diopatra chilienis | + | + | + | |
花索沙蚕 Arabella iricolor | + | |||
异足索沙蚕 Lumbrineris heteropoda | + | + | ||
索沙蚕属一种 Lumbrineris sp. | + | + | + | |
欧努菲虫 Onuphis eremita | + | |||
带楯征节虫 Nicomache personata | + | |||
小头虫 Capitella capitata | + | + | + | |
厚鳃蚕 Dasybranchus caducus | + | + | ||
丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiformis | + | + | ||
背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus | + | + | ||
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata | + | + | + | |
缩头竹节虫 Maldane sarsi | + | |||
软体动物 Mollusca | ||||
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula | + | + | + | + |
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabar | + | |||
尖锥拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea largillierti | + | + | + | |
珠带拟蟹守螺 C. cingulata | + | |||
纵带滩栖螺 Batillaria zonalis | + | |||
光螺科一种 Eulimidae spp. | + | + | + | |
圆筒原盒螺 Eocylichna braunsi | + | |||
库页球舌螺 Didontoglossa koyasensis | + | + | ||
丽小笔螺 Mitrella bella | + | |||
泥螺 Bullacta exarata | + | + | ||
婆罗囊螺 Retusa boenensis | + | + | + | |
梯螺科一种 Epitoniidae spp. | + | + | ||
香螺 Neptunea arthritica cumingii | + | + | ||
斑节亮螺 Phos varicosus | + | |||
扁玉螺 Neverita didyma | + | |||
织纹螺属一种 Nassarius sp. | + | + | + | |
棒锥螺 Turritella bacillum | + | |||
薄云母蛤 Yoldia similis | + | |||
缢蛏 Sinonovacula constricta | + | + | + | |
彩虹明樱蛤 Moerella iridescens | + | |||
泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa | + | |||
河篮蛤属一种 Potamocorbula sp. | + | + | + | + |
甲壳动物 Crustacea | ||||
双眼钩虾属一种 Ampelisca sp. | + | |||
细管居蜚 Cerapus tubularis | + | |||
大蜾赢蜚 Corophium major | + | |||
片钩虾属一种 Elasmopus sp. | + | |||
板钩虾属一种 Stenothoe spp. | + | |||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | + | |||
长眼对虾 Miyadiella podophthalmus | + | |||
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | + | |||
淡水泥蟹 Ilyoplax tansuiensis | + | + | ||
锯眼泥蟹 I. serrata | + | |||
宁波泥蟹 I. ningpoensis | + | |||
痕掌沙蟹 Ocypode stimpsoni | + | |||
棘皮动物 Echinodermata | ||||
棘刺锚参 Protankyra bidentata | + | + | + | |
伪指刺锚参 P. pseudodigitata | + | |||
真蛇科属一种 Ophiuridae spp. | + | |||
其他类 Others | ||||
爱氏海葵属一种 Edwardsia sp. | + | + | + | + |
角海葵属一种 Cerianthus sp. | + | + | ||
大弹涂鱼 Boleophthalmus pectinirostris | + | |||
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | + | |||
纽虫一种 Nemertea spp. | + | + | + | + |
附录I 浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区邻近海域大型底栖动物种类名录
Appendix I Species of macrobenthos around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve, Zhejiang
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autummn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
多毛类 Polychaeta | ||||
矮小稚齿虫 Apoprionospio pygmaea | + | |||
稚齿虫科一种 Spionidae sp. | + | |||
伪才女虫属一种 Pseudopolydora sp. | + | + | ||
渤海格鳞虫 Gattyana pohaiensis | + | |||
双鳃内卷齿蚕 Aglaophamus dibranchis | + | + | ||
中华内卷齿蚕 A. sinersis | + | + | ||
无疣齿吻沙蚕 Inermonephtys inermis | + | + | ||
加州齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys californiensis | + | + | ||
毛齿吻沙蚕 N. ciliata | + | + | ||
多鳃齿吻沙蚕 N. polybranchia | + | |||
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis | + | |||
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanvae | + | |||
后指虫 Laonice cirrata | + | + | ||
尖刺缨虫 Potamilla acuminata | + | |||
漏斗节须虫 Isocirrus watsoni | + | |||
米列虫 Melinna cristata | + | + | ||
日本叉毛豆维虫 Schistomeringos japonica | + | |||
三角洲双须虫 Eteone delta | + | |||
沙蠋科一种 Arenicolidae spp. | + | |||
长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori | + | + | + | |
吻沙蚕属一种 Glycera sp. | + | |||
须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata | + | + | + | |
杂毛虫属一种 Poecilochaetus sp. | + | |||
长锥虫 Haploscoloplos elongatus | + | |||
智利巢沙蚕 Diopatra chilienis | + | + | + | |
花索沙蚕 Arabella iricolor | + | |||
异足索沙蚕 Lumbrineris heteropoda | + | + | ||
索沙蚕属一种 Lumbrineris sp. | + | + | + | |
欧努菲虫 Onuphis eremita | + | |||
带楯征节虫 Nicomache personata | + | |||
小头虫 Capitella capitata | + | + | + | |
厚鳃蚕 Dasybranchus caducus | + | + | ||
丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiformis | + | + | ||
背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus | + | + | ||
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata | + | + | + | |
缩头竹节虫 Maldane sarsi | + | |||
软体动物 Mollusca | ||||
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula | + | + | + | + |
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabar | + | |||
尖锥拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea largillierti | + | + | + | |
珠带拟蟹守螺 C. cingulata | + | |||
纵带滩栖螺 Batillaria zonalis | + | |||
光螺科一种 Eulimidae spp. | + | + | + | |
圆筒原盒螺 Eocylichna braunsi | + | |||
库页球舌螺 Didontoglossa koyasensis | + | + | ||
丽小笔螺 Mitrella bella | + | |||
泥螺 Bullacta exarata | + | + | ||
婆罗囊螺 Retusa boenensis | + | + | + | |
梯螺科一种 Epitoniidae spp. | + | + | ||
香螺 Neptunea arthritica cumingii | + | + | ||
斑节亮螺 Phos varicosus | + | |||
扁玉螺 Neverita didyma | + | |||
织纹螺属一种 Nassarius sp. | + | + | + | |
棒锥螺 Turritella bacillum | + | |||
薄云母蛤 Yoldia similis | + | |||
缢蛏 Sinonovacula constricta | + | + | + | |
彩虹明樱蛤 Moerella iridescens | + | |||
泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa | + | |||
河篮蛤属一种 Potamocorbula sp. | + | + | + | + |
甲壳动物 Crustacea | ||||
双眼钩虾属一种 Ampelisca sp. | + | |||
细管居蜚 Cerapus tubularis | + | |||
大蜾赢蜚 Corophium major | + | |||
片钩虾属一种 Elasmopus sp. | + | |||
板钩虾属一种 Stenothoe spp. | + | |||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | + | |||
长眼对虾 Miyadiella podophthalmus | + | |||
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | + | |||
淡水泥蟹 Ilyoplax tansuiensis | + | + | ||
锯眼泥蟹 I. serrata | + | |||
宁波泥蟹 I. ningpoensis | + | |||
痕掌沙蟹 Ocypode stimpsoni | + | |||
棘皮动物 Echinodermata | ||||
棘刺锚参 Protankyra bidentata | + | + | + | |
伪指刺锚参 P. pseudodigitata | + | |||
真蛇科属一种 Ophiuridae spp. | + | |||
其他类 Others | ||||
爱氏海葵属一种 Edwardsia sp. | + | + | + | + |
角海葵属一种 Cerianthus sp. | + | + | ||
大弹涂鱼 Boleophthalmus pectinirostris | + | |||
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | + | |||
纽虫一种 Nemertea spp. | + | + | + | + |
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