生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1333-1344.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020217

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物间高阶相互作用研究进展

李远智, 肖俊丽, 刘翰伦, 王酉石, 储诚进*()   

  1. 中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室, 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14 接受日期:2020-09-15 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 储诚进
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: chuchjin@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31925027);国家自然科学基金(31622014);国家自然科学基金(31570426);国家自然科学基金(31901106);中国博士后科学基金(2018M643295)

Advances in higher-order interactions between organisms

Yuanzhi Li, Junli Xiao, Hanlun Liu, Youshi Wang, Chengjin Chu*()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
  • Received:2020-08-14 Accepted:2020-09-15 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-09-30
  • Contact: Chengjin Chu

摘要:

生物间的相互作用是物种共存和生物多样性维持的关键。传统的物种共存研究主要关注配对物种之间的直接相互作用, 而忽略了更为复杂的间接相互作用。本文首先介绍了两种间接相互作用: 链式相互作用(本质上仍是两两物种之间的相互作用)和高阶相互作用。在此基础上, 我们回顾了高阶相互作用定义的演变历史(包括狭义的高阶相互作用和广义的高阶相互作用)及其检验方法, 并介绍了高阶相互作用在多营养级之间和同一营养级内的研究概况。目前, 生态学家主要对多营养级之间(如食物网)的高阶相互作用的特征、发生机制、作用途径及实验证据等方面进行了详尽的研究。近年来, 同一营养级内的高阶相互作用也开始受到关注, 因此我们进一步介绍了同一营养级内个体水平高阶相互作用的重要意义和度量方法。从个体水平上研究高阶相互作用, 既能统一狭义和广义高阶相互作用在定义上的争议, 又可以将个体间的差异(如个体大小、个体的空间分布等信息)考虑进来。最后, 本文对高阶相互作用一些可能的重要研究方向进行了展望: 在自然群落中(尤其同一营养级内)检验高阶相互作用的普遍性与相对重要性, 探讨高阶相互作用的发生机制以及如何将高阶相互作用整合到现有的理论体系中等。高阶相互作用的研究有助于我们全面深刻地理解物种共存和生物多样性的维持机制, 丰富和完善群落生态学的理论框架, 为人类世背景下的生物多样性保护和生态系统功能维持与提升提供基础。

关键词: 密度介导的间接相互作用, 性状介导的间接相互作用, 相互作用的调节, 个体水平高阶相互作用, 非线性密度制约, 营养级, 生态网络

Abstract

It is well known that interactions between organisms are the key to species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance. Traditional studies focused overwhelmingly on direct interactions between species pairs, ignoring the more complex indirect interactions. In this review, we first distinguished two types of indirect interactions, i.e. interaction chains and higher-order interactions (HOIs). Then we reviewed the definition of higher-order interactions including the hard-HOIs and soft-HOIs, and the studies of HOIs among multiple trophic levels and within a single trophic level. In the food-web literature (among multiple trophic levels), ecologists widely studied the properties, mechanisms, pathways and experimental evidence of HOIs. Recently, there is an increasing interest in HOIs within a single trophic level. Therefore, we further introduced the significance and quantification of individual-level HOIs within a single trophic level. Not only can individual-level HOIs reconcile the hard-HOIs and soft-HOIs, but also allow us to consider variatons between individuals (e.g. individual size and spatial distribution). Finally, we proposed some promising research directions of HOIs including but not limited to: testing the prevalence and relative importance of HOIs in natural communities, exploring the mechanisms of HOIs and integrating HOIs to existing theories of community ecology. Inclusion of HOIs will help us understand the mechanisms of species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance profoundly and comprehensively, enrich and refine the theoretical framework of community ecology, and lay the foundation for biodiversity conservation and management of ecosystems in the Anthropocene.

Key words: density-mediated indirect interactions, trait-mediated indirect interactions, interaction modifications, individual-level higher-order interactions, nonlinear density dependence, trophic levels, ecological network