大兴安岭地区可培养毛霉门真菌多样性与分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2019058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为查明大兴安岭地区可培养毛霉门真菌的资源、多样性及其分布, 本研究选取9个代表市县, 采集了279份枯枝落叶、腐殖质、土壤和粪便样品, 采用稀释平板挑取法、稀释平板切块法和样品直接培养挑取法进行分离培养。通过形态初步观察鉴定, 共得到毛霉门真菌1,153株。选取代表性的菌株706株, 基于真菌分子条形码ITS rDNA进行分子系统发育多样性分析, 明确了毛霉门真菌总计3目8科10属38种。优势属为被孢霉属(Mortierella)、伞形霉属(Umbelopsis)和毛霉属(Mucor), 优势种为类变形被孢霉(Mortierella amoeboidea)、冻土毛霉(Mucor hiemalis)和深黄伞形霉(Umbelopsis isabellina)。本文同时汇总了全国已报道毛霉亚门和被孢霉亚门共计26属的分布, 分析了大兴安岭优势属和优势种在全国的分布。按三大主要生态区(东部湿润、半湿润生态区, 西北干旱、半干旱生态区和青藏高原高寒生态区)对所有属进行区域分析, 结果表明: 有9个属在3个大区都有分布; 对特有属而言, 东部湿润、半湿润生态区发现9个, 西北干旱、半干旱生态区仅有1个, 青藏高原高寒生态区未发现。

关键词: 大兴安岭, 毛霉目, 被孢霉目, 多样性, 分布

Abstract:

To investigate the resources, diversity and distribution of culturable mucoromycotan fungi in the Greater Khingan Mountains, 279 samples including dry branches and fallen leaves, humus, soil and faeces were collected from nine representative counties and cities. A total of 1,153 strains of mucoromycotan fungi were isolated using a dilution plate, cutting and direct incubation methods. Among the 1,153 strains, 706 representatives were analyzed on the basis of fungal molecular barcode ITS rDNA. These mucoromycotan fungi were classified into 3 orders, 8 families, 10 genera and 38 species. Dominant genera were Mortierella, Umbelopsis, and Mucor, while dominant species were Mortierella amoeboidea, Mucor hiemalis, and Umbelopsis isabellina. This paper also summarized all 26 genera of Mucoromycotina and Mortierellomycotina reported in China, and the distribution of the dominant genera and species of the Greater Khinggan Mountains were analyzed. In addition, regional distribution of all genera was analyzed with regard to three major ecological regions (Eastern wet and semi-humid ecological regions, northwestern arid and semi-arid ecological regions and the Tibetan Plateau alpine ecological regions). The results showed that nine genera were distributed in all the three regions. For endemic genera, nine were found in the Eastern wet and semi-humid ecological region, only one in northwestern arid and semi-arid ecological region, and none in the Tibetan Plateau alpine ecological regions.

Key words: the Greater Khinggan Mountains, Mucorales, Mortierellales, diversity, distribution

吕美林, 刘泽, 宋震, 王亚宁, 刘小勇. 大兴安岭地区可培养毛霉门真菌多样性与分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(8): 821-832.

Meilin Lü, Ze Liu, Zhen Song, Yaning Wang, Xiaoyong Liu. Diversity and distribution of culturable Mucoromycota fungi in the Greater Khinggan Mountains, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(8): 821-832.

图/表 6

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类别 Category	目 Order	科 Family	属名 Genus	种数 Species number	占比 Percent (%)
优势属 Dominant genus	被孢霉目 Mortierellales	被孢霉科 Mortierellaceae	被孢霉属 Mortierella	15	39.47
	毛霉目 Mucorales	毛霉科 Mucoraceae,	毛霉属 Mucor	6	15.78
	伞形霉目 Umbelopsidales	伞形霉科 Umbelopsidaceae	伞形霉属 Umbelopsis	6	15.78
常见属 Common genus	毛霉目 Mucorales	根霉科 Rhizopodaceae	根霉属 Rhizopus	2	5.26
		横梗霉科 Lichtheimiaceae	横梗霉属 Lichtheimia	2	5.26
		巴克斯霉科 Backusellaceae	巴克斯霉属 Backusella	1	2.63
		小克银汉科 Cunninghamellaceae	小克银汉霉属 Cunninghamella	1	2.63
			犁头霉属 Absidia	1	2.63
		须霉科 Phycomycetaceae	须霉属 Phycomyces	1	2.63
		毛霉科 Mucoraceae	接霉属 Zygorhynchus	1	2.63
合计 Total	3	8	10	38	100

类别 Category	目 Order	科 Family	属名 Genus	种数 Species number	占比 Percent (%)
优势属 Dominant genus	被孢霉目 Mortierellales	被孢霉科 Mortierellaceae	被孢霉属 Mortierella	15	39.47
	毛霉目 Mucorales	毛霉科 Mucoraceae,	毛霉属 Mucor	6	15.78
	伞形霉目 Umbelopsidales	伞形霉科 Umbelopsidaceae	伞形霉属 Umbelopsis	6	15.78
常见属 Common genus	毛霉目 Mucorales	根霉科 Rhizopodaceae	根霉属 Rhizopus	2	5.26
		横梗霉科 Lichtheimiaceae	横梗霉属 Lichtheimia	2	5.26
		巴克斯霉科 Backusellaceae	巴克斯霉属 Backusella	1	2.63
		小克银汉科 Cunninghamellaceae	小克银汉霉属 Cunninghamella	1	2.63
			犁头霉属 Absidia	1	2.63
		须霉科 Phycomycetaceae	须霉属 Phycomyces	1	2.63
		毛霉科 Mucoraceae	接霉属 Zygorhynchus	1	2.63
合计 Total	3	8	10	38	100

类别 Category	物种 Species	株数 Strain number	占比 Percent (%)
优势种 Dominant species	类变形被孢霉 Mortierella amoeboidea	112	16.00
	冻土毛霉 Mucor hiemalis	97	13.86
	深黄伞形霉 Umbelopsis isabellina	80	11.43
常见种 Common species	小被孢霉 Mortierella minutissima	47	6.71
	轮枝被孢霉 Mortierella verticillata	46	6.57
	雅致小克银汉霉 Cunninghamella elegans	42	6.00
	细长被孢霉 Mortierella elongata	33	4.71
	高山被孢霉 Mortierella alpina	31	4.43
	矮小被孢霉 Mortierella humilis	28	4.00
	少根根霉 Rhizopus oryzae	28	4.00
	拉曼伞形霉 Umbelopsis ramanniana	16	2.29
	易脆毛霉 Mucor fragilis	15	2.14
	具棱伞形霉 Umbelopsis angularis	14	2.00
	长白伞形霉 Umbelopsis changbaiensis	12	1.71
	微孢被孢霉 Mortierella parvispora	11	1.57
	伞房横梗霉 Lichtheimia corymbifera	10	1.43
	总状毛霉 Mucor racemosus	9	1.29
	灰绿犁头霉 Absidia glauca	9	1.29
	卷枝毛霉 Mucor circinelloides	8	1.14
	带状毛霉 Mucor zonatus	8	1.14
稀有种 Rare species	葡酒色伞形霉 Umbelopsis vinacea	6	0.86
	总状横梗霉 Lichtheimia ramosa	6	0.86
	华美被孢霉 Mortierella pulchella	5	0.71
	詹金氏被孢霉 Mortierella jenkinii	4	0.57
	小孢根霉 Rhizopus microsporus	4	0.57
	伞形霉属一种 Umbelopsis sp.	4	0.57
	盖姆斯被孢霉 Mortierella gamsii	3	0.43
	囊詹金氏被孢霉 Mortierella cystojenkinii	3	0.43
	双型伞形霉 Umbelopsis dimorpha	2	0.29
	菌囊被孢霉 Mortierella fimbricystis	2	0.29
	管孢巴克斯霉 Backusella tuberculispora	2	0.29
	无色被孢霉 Mortierella hyalina	2	0.29
	被孢霉属一种 Mortierella sp.	2	0.29
	贝氏被孢霉 Mortierella beljakovae	1	0.14
	卵孢毛霉 Mucor moelleri	1	0.14
	产芽胞被孢霉 Mortierella gemmifera	1	0.14
	布拉克须霉 Phycomyces blakesleeanus	1	0.14
	异形接霉 Zygorhynchus heterogamus	1	0.14
合计 Total	38	706	100

类别 Category	物种 Species	株数 Strain number	占比 Percent (%)
优势种 Dominant species	类变形被孢霉 Mortierella amoeboidea	112	16.00
	冻土毛霉 Mucor hiemalis	97	13.86
	深黄伞形霉 Umbelopsis isabellina	80	11.43
常见种 Common species	小被孢霉 Mortierella minutissima	47	6.71
	轮枝被孢霉 Mortierella verticillata	46	6.57
	雅致小克银汉霉 Cunninghamella elegans	42	6.00
	细长被孢霉 Mortierella elongata	33	4.71
	高山被孢霉 Mortierella alpina	31	4.43
	矮小被孢霉 Mortierella humilis	28	4.00
	少根根霉 Rhizopus oryzae	28	4.00
	拉曼伞形霉 Umbelopsis ramanniana	16	2.29
	易脆毛霉 Mucor fragilis	15	2.14
	具棱伞形霉 Umbelopsis angularis	14	2.00
	长白伞形霉 Umbelopsis changbaiensis	12	1.71
	微孢被孢霉 Mortierella parvispora	11	1.57
	伞房横梗霉 Lichtheimia corymbifera	10	1.43
	总状毛霉 Mucor racemosus	9	1.29
	灰绿犁头霉 Absidia glauca	9	1.29
	卷枝毛霉 Mucor circinelloides	8	1.14
	带状毛霉 Mucor zonatus	8	1.14
稀有种 Rare species	葡酒色伞形霉 Umbelopsis vinacea	6	0.86
	总状横梗霉 Lichtheimia ramosa	6	0.86
	华美被孢霉 Mortierella pulchella	5	0.71
	詹金氏被孢霉 Mortierella jenkinii	4	0.57
	小孢根霉 Rhizopus microsporus	4	0.57
	伞形霉属一种 Umbelopsis sp.	4	0.57
	盖姆斯被孢霉 Mortierella gamsii	3	0.43
	囊詹金氏被孢霉 Mortierella cystojenkinii	3	0.43
	双型伞形霉 Umbelopsis dimorpha	2	0.29
	菌囊被孢霉 Mortierella fimbricystis	2	0.29
	管孢巴克斯霉 Backusella tuberculispora	2	0.29
	无色被孢霉 Mortierella hyalina	2	0.29
	被孢霉属一种 Mortierella sp.	2	0.29
	贝氏被孢霉 Mortierella beljakovae	1	0.14
	卵孢毛霉 Mucor moelleri	1	0.14
	产芽胞被孢霉 Mortierella gemmifera	1	0.14
	布拉克须霉 Phycomyces blakesleeanus	1	0.14
	异形接霉 Zygorhynchus heterogamus	1	0.14
合计 Total	38	706	100

属 Genus	分布地 Distribution area	生态区域 Ecological region
巴克斯霉属 Backusella	江西、台湾 Jiangxi, Taiwan	EWER
被孢霉属 Mortierella	北京、重庆、福建、广东、湖北、河北、河南、吉林、江苏、江西、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、四川、山东、陕西、天津、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
布拉霉属 Blakeslea	福建、海南、江苏、上海、台湾、浙江 Fujian, Hainan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Taiwan, Zhejiang	EWER
放射毛霉属 Actinomucor	安徽、北京、福建、甘肃、广东、广西、湖北、河北、香港、吉林、江苏、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、四川、山东山西、陕西、天津、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hebei, Hong Kong, Jilin, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
根毛霉属 Rhizomucor	北京、湖北、河北、四川、山东、陕西、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Beijing, Hubei, Hebei, Sichuan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
根霉属 Rhizopus	北京、重庆、福建、甘肃、广东、广西、贵州、海南、湖北、河北、黑龙江、湖南、吉林、江苏、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、四川、山东、上海、山西、陕西、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
共头霉属 Syncephalastrum	吉林、陕西、台湾、西藏 Jilin, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xizang	EWER, TPER
钩枝霉属 Thamnostylum	台湾 Taiwan	EWER
横梗霉属 Lichtheimia	北京、黑龙江、内蒙古、宁夏、陕西、台湾 Beijing, Heilongjiang, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Taiwan	EWER, NAER
笄霉属 Choanephora	安徽、北京、重庆、福建、海南、广东、广西、贵州、宁夏、山西、陕西、四川 Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan	EWER
接霉属 Zygorhynchus	黑龙江、西藏 Heilongjiang, Xizang	EWER, TPER
卷霉属 Circinella	黑龙江、宁夏、陕西、台湾、西藏 Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xizang	EWER, NAER
犁头霉属 Absidia	甘肃、广东、黑龙江、吉林、江苏、宁夏、四川、陕西、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Gansu, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
毛霉属 Mucor	北京、甘肃、河北、黑龙江、湖南、江苏、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、四川、山东、山西、陕西、台湾、新疆、云南、浙江 Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
泼氏霉属 Poitrasia	北京、重庆、福建、广东、广西、海南、四川 Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan	EWER
球托霉属 Gongronella	台湾 Taiwan	EWER
伞菌霉属 Spinellus	吉林 Jilin	EWER
伞形霉属 Umbelopsis	福建、湖北、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、四川、香港、西藏、云南、浙江 Fujian, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Sichuan, Xianggang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
水玉霉属 Pilobolus	重庆、宁夏、陕西、台湾 Chongqing, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Taiwan	EWER, NAER
丝枝霉属 Chaetocladium	台湾 Taiwan	EWER
头珠霉属 Piptocephalis	陕西、台湾 Shaanxi, Taiwan	EWER, NAER
小克银汉霉属 Cunninghamella	安徽、北京、福建、甘肃、广东、广西、贵州、海南、湖北、河北、黑龙江、香港、江苏、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、四川、上海、陕西、台湾、新疆、西藏、云南、浙江 Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
须霉属 Phycomyces	黑龙江、台湾 Heilongjiang, Taiwan	EWER, NAER
旋枝霉属 Pirella	内蒙古 Neimenggu	NAER
倚囊霉属 Pilaira	江西、内蒙古、青海、新疆 Jiangxi, Neimenggu, Qinghai, Xinjiang	EWER, NAER, TPER
枝霉属 Thamnidium	宁夏、陕西、台湾 Ningxia, Shaanxi, Taiwan	EWER