模拟氮沉降和灌草去除对杉木人工林地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2018033

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 962-971. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018033

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

模拟氮沉降和灌草去除对杉木人工林地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

雷学明¹, 沈芳芳¹, 雷学臣¹, 刘文飞¹, 段洪浪¹, 樊后保¹, 吴建平^2,^*()

1 (南昌工程学院江西省退化生态系统修复与流域生态水文重点实验室, 南昌 330099)
2 (云南大学生态学与进化生物学实验室, 昆明 650091);

收稿日期:2018-02-01 接受日期:2018-05-24 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 吴建平
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31570444)

Assessing influence of simulated canopy nitrogen deposition and understory removal on soil microbial community structure in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

Xueming Lei¹, Fangfang Shen¹, Xuechen Lei¹, Wenfei Liu¹, Honglang Duan¹, Houbao Fan¹, Jianping Wu^2,^*()

1 Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099;
2 Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091

Received:2018-02-01 Accepted:2018-05-24 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Wu Jianping
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物是陆地生态系统重要的分解者和地上-地下相互作用的纽带。本文以亚热带杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolateata)人工林为对象, 通过模拟林冠层氮沉降和林下灌草去除, 设置4种处理, 包括: 对照(CK)、灌草去除(UR)、氮沉降(N)和氮沉降加灌草去除(N × UR)的野外控制实验, 研究土壤微生物群落结构的响应。本实验分别于2016年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)采集0-10 cm层土壤样品, 运用磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFAs)分析土壤微生物群落结构。结果表明: (1) 10月份土壤微生物总PLFAs量及其他类群土壤微生物PLFAs量显著高于4月份(P < 0.05), 真菌/细菌比值没有显著差异。土壤微生物PLFAs中细菌占优势, 其次为真菌, 放线菌的占比最小; (2)相比CK处理, UR处理下土壤微生物总PLFAs量、细菌PLFAs量、革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs量和放线菌PLFAs量有增加趋势, 但未达到显著差异水平(P > 0.05); (3)相对CK, UR、N和N × UR处理降低了4月份土壤微生物多样性(H°)和均匀度指数(J), 但提高了10月份土壤微生物多样性指数; (4)冗余分析表明, 土壤硝态氮和总磷含量与土壤微生物群落之间呈现显著相关。本研究表明土壤微生物PLFAs在各处理下都表现出明显的季节动态; 短期内林下灌草去除对土壤微生物PLFAs影响表现出一定的促进作用, 氮沉降对土壤微生物群落影响还不甚明显, 需要长期的监测研究来评估两者及其交互作用对土壤微生物群落及其功能的影响。

关键词: 土壤微生物群落, 多样性, 氮沉降, 灌草去除, 杉木人工林

Abstract

Soil microorganisms have been recognized as important decomposers that link above- and below-ground processes in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we conducted an experiment to assess the influence of canopy nitrogen deposition and understory removal in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. The effects of four treatments, i.e. control (CK), understory removal (UR), nitrogen deposition (N) and nitrogen deposition plus understory removal (N × UR) on soil microbial community were investigated using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Soil samples (0-10 layer) were collected in April (spring) and October (autumn), 2016. Results showed that the total soil microbial PLFAs and the other groups (bacteria, fungi and actinomycete) of soil microbial PLFAs in autumn were significantly higher than those in spring, but fungi/bacteria ratio did not change significantly between two sampling seasons. Bacteria dominated among different PLFAs groups, followed by fungi and actinomycetes. Relative to CK treatment, UR treatment had slightly higher total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, gram negative bacterial PLFAs and actinomycetes PLFAs although not significant at 0.05 level. Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices of UR, N and N × UR treatments decreased in April whereas Shannon-Wiener index was higher in October. Soil nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly correlated with soil microbial community based on redundancy analysis. No significant effect of nitrogen deposition was observed probably due to the short period of study. But understory removal seems to promote the impact of nitrogen deposition. Seasonal variations were detected in this study suggesting that long-term experiments are required to explore the continuing effects of environmental changes on soil microbial communities and their functions.

Key words: soil microbial community, biodiversity, nitrogen deposition, understory removal, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

雷学明, 沈芳芳, 雷学臣, 刘文飞, 段洪浪, 樊后保, 吴建平 (2018) 模拟氮沉降和灌草去除对杉木人工林地土壤微生物群落结构的影响. 生物多样性, 26, 962-971. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018033.

Xueming Lei, Fangfang Shen, Xuechen Lei, Wenfei Liu, Honglang Duan, Houbao Fan, Jianping Wu (2018) Assessing influence of simulated canopy nitrogen deposition and understory removal on soil microbial community structure in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Biodiversity Science, 26, 962-971. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018033.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018033

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I9/962

图/表 7

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微生物类型 Microbial group	特征磷脂脂肪酸 Phospholipids fatty acid characteristics	参考文献 References
细菌 Bacteria	i15:0, a15:0, 15:0, i16:0, 16:1 ω9c, 16:1 ω7c, 16:1 ω7t, i17:0, 17:0, a17:0, cy 17:0, 18:1 ω5c, 18:1 ω7c, i19:0, cy 19:0	Frostegård & Bååth, 1996; Zogg et al, 1997; Marhan et al, 2007; Wu et al, 2013a, b
革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	i14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0, a17:0	Zak et al, 1996; Yang et al, 2016
革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	16:1 ω7c, cy 17:0, 18:1 ω7c, cy 19:0	Zak et al, 1996; Wu et al, 2013a, b
真菌 Fungi	18:1 ω9c, 18:2 ω6c, 18:3 ω6c	Frostegård & Bååth, 1996
放线菌 Actinomycetes	10Me 16:0, 10Me 17:0, 10Me 18:0	Zak et al, 1996

微生物类型 Microbial group	特征磷脂脂肪酸 Phospholipids fatty acid characteristics	参考文献 References
细菌 Bacteria	i15:0, a15:0, 15:0, i16:0, 16:1 ω9c, 16:1 ω7c, 16:1 ω7t, i17:0, 17:0, a17:0, cy 17:0, 18:1 ω5c, 18:1 ω7c, i19:0, cy 19:0	Frostegård & Bååth, 1996; Zogg et al, 1997; Marhan et al, 2007; Wu et al, 2013a, b
革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	i14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0, a17:0	Zak et al, 1996; Yang et al, 2016
革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	16:1 ω7c, cy 17:0, 18:1 ω7c, cy 19:0	Zak et al, 1996; Wu et al, 2013a, b
真菌 Fungi	18:1 ω9c, 18:2 ω6c, 18:3 ω6c	Frostegård & Bååth, 1996
放线菌 Actinomycetes	10Me 16:0, 10Me 17:0, 10Me 18:0	Zak et al, 1996

	处理 Treatment	含水率 SWC (%)	pH	有机碳 SOC (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg/kg)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	速效磷 AP (mg/kg)
春季 Spring	CK	40.85 ± 2.14^Aa	4.45 ± 0.11^Aa	41.16 ± 3.55^Aa	2.29 ± 0.19^Aa	0.19 ± 0.01^Bab	0.06 ± 0.01^Ab	10.97 ± 1.21 ^Aa	5.20 ± 0.60^Aa
	UR	40.80 ± 4.38 ^Aa	4.35 ± 0.01^Aa	36.08 ± 2.86^Aa	2.04 ± 0.16^Aab	0.21 ± 0.01^Ba	0.05 ± 0.01^Ab	10.74 ± 1.07^Aa	4.91 ± 0.99^Aa
	N	32.26 ± 2.41^Aa	4.34 ± 0.01^Aa	30.74 ± 4.77^Aa	1.70 ± 0.21^Ab	0.17 ± 0.01^Bb	0.09 ± 0.04^Ab	12.79 ± 2.47^Aa	3.37 ± 0.55^Aa
	N × UR	33.76 ± 2.16^Aa	4.40 ± 0.01^Aa	38.53 ± 2.82^Aa	2.20 ± 0.13^Aab	0.20 ± 0.01^Bab	0.21 ± 0.07^Aa	15.29 ± 1.65^Aa	4.04 ± 0.52^Aa
秋季 Autumn	CK	38.99 ± 3.26^Aa	4.70 ± 0.19^Aa	37.92 ± 5.78^Aa	1.75 ± 0.62^Aa	0.83 ± 0.09^Aa	0.20 ± 0.05^Aa	3.80 ± 0.35^Ba	1.38 ± 0.72^Ba
	UR	34.81 ± 1.54^Aa	4.39 ± 0.06^Aa	37.73 ± 7.78^Aa	2.15 ± 0.53^Aa	0.57 ± 0.11^Ab	0.15 ± 0.02^Aa	4.46 ± 0.32^Ba	3.46 ± 1.07^Aa
	N	32.35 ± 2.12^Aa	4.37 ± 0.03^Aa	28.57 ± 3.95^Aa	2.03 ± 0.46^Aa	0.55 ± 0.07^Ab	0.22 ± 0.02^Aa	4.22 ± 0.40^Ba	0.98 ± 0.33^Ba
	N × UR	35.75 ± 2.73^Aa	4.35 ± 0.05^Aa	34.81 ± 1.76^Aa	2.20 ± 0.30^Aa	0.87 ± 0.10^Aab	0.33 ± 0.09^Aa	4.21 ± 0.36^Ba	2.52 ± 1.01^Aa

	处理 Treatment	含水率 SWC (%)	pH	有机碳 SOC (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg/kg)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	速效磷 AP (mg/kg)
春季 Spring	CK	40.85 ± 2.14^Aa	4.45 ± 0.11^Aa	41.16 ± 3.55^Aa	2.29 ± 0.19^Aa	0.19 ± 0.01^Bab	0.06 ± 0.01^Ab	10.97 ± 1.21 ^Aa	5.20 ± 0.60^Aa
	UR	40.80 ± 4.38 ^Aa	4.35 ± 0.01^Aa	36.08 ± 2.86^Aa	2.04 ± 0.16^Aab	0.21 ± 0.01^Ba	0.05 ± 0.01^Ab	10.74 ± 1.07^Aa	4.91 ± 0.99^Aa
	N	32.26 ± 2.41^Aa	4.34 ± 0.01^Aa	30.74 ± 4.77^Aa	1.70 ± 0.21^Ab	0.17 ± 0.01^Bb	0.09 ± 0.04^Ab	12.79 ± 2.47^Aa	3.37 ± 0.55^Aa
	N × UR	33.76 ± 2.16^Aa	4.40 ± 0.01^Aa	38.53 ± 2.82^Aa	2.20 ± 0.13^Aab	0.20 ± 0.01^Bab	0.21 ± 0.07^Aa	15.29 ± 1.65^Aa	4.04 ± 0.52^Aa
秋季 Autumn	CK	38.99 ± 3.26^Aa	4.70 ± 0.19^Aa	37.92 ± 5.78^Aa	1.75 ± 0.62^Aa	0.83 ± 0.09^Aa	0.20 ± 0.05^Aa	3.80 ± 0.35^Ba	1.38 ± 0.72^Ba
	UR	34.81 ± 1.54^Aa	4.39 ± 0.06^Aa	37.73 ± 7.78^Aa	2.15 ± 0.53^Aa	0.57 ± 0.11^Ab	0.15 ± 0.02^Aa	4.46 ± 0.32^Ba	3.46 ± 1.07^Aa
	N	32.35 ± 2.12^Aa	4.37 ± 0.03^Aa	28.57 ± 3.95^Aa	2.03 ± 0.46^Aa	0.55 ± 0.07^Ab	0.22 ± 0.02^Aa	4.22 ± 0.40^Ba	0.98 ± 0.33^Ba
	N × UR	35.75 ± 2.73^Aa	4.35 ± 0.05^Aa	34.81 ± 1.76^Aa	2.20 ± 0.30^Aa	0.87 ± 0.10^Aab	0.33 ± 0.09^Aa	4.21 ± 0.36^Ba	2.52 ± 1.01^Aa

	处理 Treatment	微生物总量 Total PLFAs	细菌量 Bacterial PLFAs	革兰氏阳性菌量 G⁺ PLFAs	革兰氏阴性菌量 G^-PLFAs	真菌量 Fungal PLFAs	放线菌量 Actinomycetes PLFAs	真菌:细菌 F/B ratio
春季 Spring	CK	75.01 ± 5.44^Ba	21.02 ± 1.47^Aa	10.21 ± 0.61^Ba	8.21 ± 0.61^Aa	8.07 ± 1.21^Aa	4.91 ± 0.29^Aa	0.38 ± 0.04^Aa
	UR	78.63 ± 4.87^Ba	22.37 ± 2.15^Aa	11.87 ± 0.73^Ba	7.97 ± 0.94^Aa	7.80 ± 1.80^Aa	5.42 ± 0.31^Aa	0.34 ± 0.06^Aa
	N	71.09 ± 12.45^Ba	20.06 ± 4.30^Aa	9.89 ± 2.30^Ba	7.58 ± 1.52^Aa	7.80 ± 1.53^Aa	4.83 ± 1.14^Aa	0.40 ± 0.01^Aa
	N × UR	58.14 ± 7.12^Ba	16.44 ± 2.40^Ba	8.40 ± 1.41^Ba	5.92 ± 0.72^Ba	5.54 ± 0.54^Ba	3.63 ± 0.68^Ba	0.35 ± 0.02^Aa
秋季 Autumn	CK	132.03 ± 10.74^Ab	25.58 ± 1.59^Aa	22.38 ± 2.08^Aa	8.63 ± 0.78^Aa	8.56 ± 1.16^Aa	5.69 ± 0.26^Aa	0.34 ± 0.05^Aa
	UR	166.28 ± 9.36^Aa	28.11 ± 2.60^Aa	24.90 ± 2.23^Aa	9.58 ± 1.21^Aa	10.62 ± 0.68^Aa	6.02 ± 0.39^Aa	0.38 ± 0.02^Aa
	N	134.77 ± 14.07^Aab	26.24 ± 2.39^Aa	22.96 ± 2.75^Aa	8.51 ± 0.87^Aa	9.66 ± 1.04^Aa	5.87 ± 0.87^Aa	0.37 ± 0.03^Aa
	N × UR	128.27 ± 10.60^Ab	26.97 ± 3.75^Aa	22.26 ± 1.88^Aa	9.07 ± 1.40^Aa	9.99 ± 1.14^Aa	6.04 ± 0.90^Aa	0.38 ± 0.04^Aa

模拟氮沉降和灌草去除对杉木人工林地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Assessing influence of simulated canopy nitrogen deposition and understory removal on soil microbial community structure in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

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变量 Variables	N		UR		N × UR		季节 Season
变量 Variables	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
微生物总量 Total PLFAs	3.736	0.077	0.383	0.548	3.220	0.098	54.433	< 0.001
细菌量 Bacterial PLFAs	0.864	0.371	0.016	0.902	0.733	0.409	11.335	0.003
革兰氏阳性菌量 G⁺ PLFAs	1.431	0.255	0.166	0.691	1.691	0.218	88.942	< 0.001
革兰氏阴性菌量 G^- PLFAs	1.365	0.265	0.020	0.891	0.412	0.533	4.105	0.055
真菌量 Fungal PLFAs	0.510	0.489	0.002	0.965	1.628	0.226	8.117	0.009
放线菌量 Actinomycetes PLFAs	0.772	0.397	0.010	0.922	0.968	0.345	5.481	0.029
真菌: 细菌 F/B ratio	0.246	0.629	0.089	0.771	0.199	0.663	0.004	0.953

处理 Treatment	春季 Spring		秋季 Autumn
处理 Treatment	Shannon- Wiener (H°)	Pielou (J)	Shannon- Wiener (H°)	Pielou index (J)
CK	1.53 ± 0.02^Aa	0.46 ± 0.01^Aa	1.40 ± 0.01^Ba	0.42 ± 0.01^Aa
UR	1.46 ± 0.05^Aab	0.45 ± 0.01^Aa	1.46 ± 0.02^Aa	0.41 ± 0.01^Aa
N	1.47 ± 0.05^Aab	0.44 ± 0.02^Aa	1.41 ± 0.02^Aa	0.42 ± 0.01^Aa
N × UR	1.36 ± 0.02^Ab	0.42 ± 0.01^Ab	1.43 ± 0.01^Aa	0.43 ± 0.01^Aa

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