泸沽湖鱼类群落结构特征及驱动因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2025339

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 25339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025339 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025339

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 下一篇

泸沽湖鱼类群落结构特征及驱动因子

李开飞¹^,², 龚进玲¹, 胡飞飞¹, 李学梅¹, 卢昭远¹, 罗鸣钟²^,^*()(), 朱挺兵¹^,^*()()

¹ 农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 武汉 430223
² 长江大学动物科学与技术学院, 湖北荆州 434020

收稿日期:2025-08-22 接受日期:2026-03-05 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-07-30
通讯作者: ^*共同通讯作者 E-mail: kklmz413@yangtzeu.edu.cn; zhutb@yf.ac.cn
基金资助:
农业农村部财政专项和中国水产科学研究院中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD61)

Fish community structure and driving factors in Lugu Lake, Southwest China

Kaifei Li¹^,², Jinling Gong¹, Feifei Hu¹, Xuemei Li¹, Zhaoyuan Lu¹, Mingzhong Luo²^,^*()(), Tingbing Zhu¹^,^*()()

¹ Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
² College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China

Received:2025-08-22 Accepted:2026-03-05 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-07-30
Contact: ^*Co-authors for correspondence. E-mail: kklmz413@yangtzeu.edu.cn; zhutb@yf.ac.cn
Supported by:
Special Finance fund: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2023TD61)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 泸沽湖是我国西南地区重要的高原深水型湖泊, 其鱼类群落状况已多年未见报道。本研究于2023–2024年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)对泸沽湖鱼类群落共开展了4次现场调查, 并结合冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)与聚类方法, 揭示了环境因子对鱼类群落时空分异的驱动机制。共采集到鱼类14种, 隶属2目4科, 其中鲤形目占绝对优势(种数占比85.71%)。土著鱼类仅采集到1种, 为泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。外来鱼类共采集到13种, 占鱼类种类数的92.86%。相对重要性指数(index of relative importance, IRI)显示, 鲫(Carassius auratus, IRI = 8,509)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva, IRI = 1,763)在所有调查季节均维持高出现频率, 为全年优势种。RDA表明, 不同季节环境因子对鱼类群落结构变异的影响程度和方式存在差异, 春季鱼类群落结构变异主要受NO₃^‒-N、pH值等环境因子影响, 而秋季鱼类群落结构变异主要受NO₃^‒-N、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)等环境因子影响。丰度生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curve, ABC)显示秋季生物量曲线显著高于丰度曲线, 呈现出“秋季稳态-春季亚稳态”模式。针对当前泸沽湖鱼类群落面临的土著鱼类衰退、外来鱼类占据优势等突出问题, 建议加强土著鱼类保护研究、强化对污染和外来鱼类放生活动的管控, 并建立渔业资源长期监测体系。

关键词: 鱼类资源, 群落结构, 多样性指数, 时空分异

Abstract

Aims: Lugu Lake, a significant plateau deep-water lake in Southwest China, has not had its fish community reported in recent years. This study was to investigate the current status of fish communities in Lugu Lake.

Methods: We conducted four field surveys in spring (May) and autumn (October) of 2023 and 2024, and employed redundancy analysis (RDA) and clustering methods to elucidate the driving effects of environmental factors on the spatiotemporal patterns of fish community structure.

Results: A total of 14 fish species were identified, belonging to 2 orders, 4 families, with Cypriniformes being the predominant order (85.71%). The only indigenous fish species recorded was Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, while 13 exotic fish species were recorded, constituting 92.86% of the total species, with Carassius auratus and Pseudorasbora parva being the most abundant. RDA revealed that fish community structure was influenced by NO₃^‒-N and pH in spring, and by NO₃^‒-N and total nitrogen in autumn. The abundance-biomass comparison curve (ABC) showed that the biomass curve in autumn was significantly higher than the abundance curve, presenting an “autumn stable–spring substable state” pattern.

Conclusion: To address the challenges faced by the fish community in Lugu Lake, such as the decline of indigenous species and the prevalence of exotic species, we recommend focusing on conserving indigenous fish, enhancing pollution control, regulating the release of exotic species, and establishing a comprehensive long-term monitoring program.

Key words: fish resources, community structure, diversity index, temporal and spatial variation

李开飞, 龚进玲, 胡飞飞, 李学梅, 卢昭远, 罗鸣钟, 朱挺兵 (2026) 泸沽湖鱼类群落结构特征及驱动因子. 生物多样性, 34, 25339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025339.

Kaifei Li, Jinling Gong, Feifei Hu, Xuemei Li, Zhaoyuan Lu, Mingzhong Luo, Tingbing Zhu (2026) Fish community structure and driving factors in Lugu Lake, Southwest China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025339.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025339

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I6/25339

图/表 8

图1 泸沽湖鱼类采样点示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of fish sampling points in Lugu Lake

表1 泸沽湖鱼类种类组成

Table 1 Species composition of fishes in Lugu Lake

物种 Species	总计	2023				2024				相对重要性指数 IRI	分类 Classification
	Total	5月 May		10月 October		5月 May		10月 October
		数量Number	出现率F%	数量Number	出现率F%	数量Number	出现率F%	数量Number	出现率F%
鲤形目 Cypriniformes
鲤科 Cyprinidae
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	302	144	100	20	42.86	98	71.43	40	71.43	727	重要种(C)
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	72	16	14.29	11	42.86	43	42.86	2	28.57	97	一般种(G)
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	685	134	100	108	85.71	412	100	31	100	1,763	优势种(D)
鲫 Carassius auratus	1,278	479	100	328	100	440	100	31	85.71	8,509	优势种(D)
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	181	67	85.71	49	71.43	59	100	6	28.57	1,089	优势种(D)
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	35	3	28.57	25	71.43	4	28.57	3	28.57	362	重要种(C)
散鳞镜鲤 Cyprinus carpio var. specularis	48	21	42.86	8	42.86	15	28.57	4	42.86	43	一般种(G)
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis	7	3	28.57	-	-	2	28.57	2	28.57	58	一般种(G)
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella	3	1	14.29	1	14.29	1	14.29	-	-	1	少见种(R)
中华鳑鲏 Rhodeus sinensis	641	148	71.43	203	85.71	254	85.71	36	85.71	1,429	优势种(D)
鳅科 Cobitidae
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	65	35	57.14	6	28.57	21	28.57	3	28.57	75	一般种(G)
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus*	12	2	28.57	-	-	10	14.29	-	-	4	少见种(R)
鲈形目 Perciformes
虾虎鱼科 Gobiidae
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	235	10	42.86	112	85.71	98	85.71	15	71.43	422	重要种(C)
塘鳢科 Eleotridae
小黄黝鱼 Hypseleotris swinhonis	41	-	-	-	-	23	42.86	18	85.71	30	一般种(G)

图2 泸沽湖春秋两季鱼类群落多样性

Fig. 2 Fish community diversity in Lugu Lake in spring and autumn

图3 泸沽湖各采样点鱼类群落多样性指数

Fig. 3 Fish community diversity indices of each sampling site in Lugu Lake

图4 泸沽湖鱼类群落非加权组平均法聚类分析

Fig. 4 unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis of fish community in Lugu Lake

图5 泸沽湖鱼类群落非度量多维尺度排序分析

Fig. 5 Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis of fish communities in Lugu Lake

图6 泸沽湖鱼类群落丰度-生物量比较曲线季节对比

Fig. 6 Seasonal contrast of abundance-biomass comparison curve of fish community in Lugu Lake

图7 泸沽湖鱼类群落分布与环境因子冗余分析(RDA)双序图。Chl a: 叶绿素a; TSS: 总悬浮固体; NO2‒-N: 亚硝酸盐氮; NO3‒-N: 硝酸盐氮; PO43‒: 磷酸根离子; NH3-N: 氨氮; COD: 化学需氧量; TN: 总氮; WT: 水温; Cond: 电导率; TP: 总磷。

Fig. 7 Dual-sequence diagram of fish community distribution and environmental factor redundancy analysis (RDA) in Lugu Lake. Chl a, Chlorophyll a; TSS, Total suspended solids; NO2‒-N, Nitrite nitrogen; NO3‒-N, Nitrate nitrogen; PO43‒, Phosphate ion; NH3-N, Ammonia nitrogen; COD, Chemical oxygen demand; TN, Total nitrogen; WT, Water temperature; Cond, Conductivity; TP, Total phosphorus.

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泸沽湖鱼类群落结构特征及驱动因子

Fish community structure and driving factors in Lugu Lake, Southwest China

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