北京市东灵山人工林和天然林对土壤跳虫体型、生物量和代谢功能的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025352

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025352 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025352

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

北京市东灵山人工林和天然林对土壤跳虫体型、生物量和代谢功能的影响

张兵¹^,²^,^*()(), 张春雨¹(), 陈相秀¹(), 陈浩缜²(), 潘萌²(), 王少鹏²()

¹ 北京林业大学草业与草原学院, 北京 100083
² 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2025-09-01 接受日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: bzhang3@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
科技部国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFF0802103);国家自然科学基金(32301427)

Effects of artificial plantations and natural forests on the body size, biomass, and metabolic function of soil Collembola on the Dongling Mountain, Beijing

Bing Zhang¹^,²^,^*()(), Chunyu Zhang¹(), Xiangxiu Chen¹(), Haozhen Chen²(), Meng Pan²(), Shaopeng Wang²()

¹ School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
² Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2025-09-01 Accepted:2025-11-03 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-09
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802103);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301427)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人工造林导致的林型变化会显著影响土壤生物群落结构和功能。跳虫作为土壤中重要的分解者类群, 其不同物种间体型差异可达百倍, 且体型大小、体重和代谢速率间均为非线性关系。为评估林型变化和凋落物理化性质对土壤跳虫群落“存量”功能(密度和生物量)和“流量”功能(代谢速率)影响的异同, 本文以北京市东灵山辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)天然林、华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林和油松(Pinus tabuliformis)人工林中的土壤跳虫为研究对象, 综合分析了林型和林下凋落物生物量以及氮、磷元素浓度对跳虫密度、生物量和代谢速率等功能的影响。结果显示: (1)林型不显著影响跳虫群落总密度、总生物量和总代谢速率; 但油松林中跳虫群落密度结构、生物量结构和代谢结构与华北落叶松林和辽东栎林显著不同; (2)凋落物氮、磷元素浓度(而非凋落物生物量)显著影响(正相关)跳虫群落和3个目跳虫的密度、生物量和代谢速率; (3)林型对跳虫群落平均体长、平均体重和平均代谢速率无显著影响, 但显著影响了长角跳目和愈腹目平均体长、平均体重和平均代谢速率, 并且凋落物生物量和氮、磷元素浓度与部分目跳虫的平均体长、平均体重和平均代谢速率显著相关。这些结果表明, 东灵山60年华北落叶松人工林与辽东栎天然林的跳虫密度、生物量和代谢速率等功能指标相近, 但油松人工林中跳虫群落的功能已出现显著变化, 这种变化主要与油松人工林中低质量(氮、磷元素浓度)的凋落物有关。林型和凋落物理化性质对跳虫总密度、总生物量和总代谢速率以及对跳虫平均体长、平均体重和平均代谢速率的影响程度与跳虫类群有关。此外, 本研究还发现, 林型和凋落物理化性质对3个目跳虫的代谢速率和生物量的影响程度相似, 而与对密度的影响存在较大差异。通过在跳虫群落和目水平上分析不同生境下跳虫的密度和生物量等“存量”功能和代谢速率等“流量”功能的影响差异, 本研究为系统探究环境变化如何影响土壤动物群落的生态功能提供了新视角。

关键词: 土壤动物, 能量代谢, 体型, 人工林, 天然林

Abstract

Aims: Changes in forest types resulting from artificial plantations significantly influence the structure and function of soil fauna communities. Collembola constitute a crucial decomposer group within soil ecosystems. Given the substantial variation in body size among Collembola species and the non-linear relationships between body size, body mass, and metabolic rate within Collembola, the main aim of the present study is to evaluate the (dis)similarities in the effects of forest type changes and the physicochemical properties of litterfall on the ‘stock’ functions (density and biomass) and ‘flow’ functions (metabolic rate) of soil Collembola.

Methods: In this study, five replicate plots were established in each of three forest types—natural Quercus liaotungensis forests, 60-year-old artificially planted Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations, and Pinus tabuliformis plantations. Soil Collembola samples were extracted and identified to morphospecies. Mean body length was measured for each morphospecies, and was then converted to body mass and metabolic rates. The effects of forest type, litter biomass, litter nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the total density, biomass, and metabolic rate, as well as the community weighted means (CWMs) of body length, body mass, and metabolic rate of Collembola were evaluated.

Results: The results showed that (1) forest type did not significantly affect the total density, total biomass, or total metabolic rate of Collembola communities. However, the density structure, biomass structure, and metabolic structure of Collembola communities in pine plantations differed significantly from those in larch plantations and oak forests; (2) nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of leaf litters, rather than litter biomass, significantly influenced (positively correlated with) the density, biomass, and metabolic rate of Collembola class and three orders of Collembola; (3) forest type did not significantly affect the CWMs of body length, body mass, or mean metabolic rate, however, it significantly influenced the CWMs of those functions of Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. Furthermore, litter biomass and nitrogen/phosphorus concentrations were significantly correlated with the CWMs of body length, body mass, and metabolic rates of certain Collembola orders.

Conclusion: The results indicate that 60-year-old larch plantations exhibited comparable functions of Collembola, such as the structures of density, biomass, and metabolic rates, with natural oak forests on the Dongling Mountain; while pine plantations significantly altered these functions of Collembola, primarily attributable to the low-quality litter (characterized by reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations). The extent to which forest type and leaf litter properties influence density, biomass, and metabolic rate, as well as the CWMs of body length, body mass, and metabolic rates of Collembola vary with Collembola orders. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that forest type and litter properties exert similar effects on the metabolic rate and biomass across three Collembola orders, whereas their impacts on the density of Collembola shows considerable difference. By analyzing differences in the effects of environmental variables on both ‘stock’ functions (density and biomass) and ‘flow’ functions (metabolic rate) at both the class and order levels of Collembola, this study provides a novel perspective for systematically investigating how environmental changes influence the ecological functions of soil animal communities.

Key words: soil animal, energy metabolism, body size, plantation, natural forest

张兵, 张春雨, 陈相秀, 陈浩缜, 潘萌, 王少鹏 (2025) 北京市东灵山人工林和天然林对土壤跳虫体型、生物量和代谢功能的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 25352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025352.

Bing Zhang, Chunyu Zhang, Xiangxiu Chen, Haozhen Chen, Meng Pan, Shaopeng Wang (2025) Effects of artificial plantations and natural forests on the body size, biomass, and metabolic function of soil Collembola on the Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025352.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025352

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I12/25352

图/表 4

表1 北京市东灵山3种林型土壤跳虫群落密度结构、生物量结构和代谢速率结构置换多元方差分析。对角线上方数字表示R²值, 下方数字表示F值。每个林型5个样地重复, 共收集23种跳虫, 其中2种只出现在1个样地, 在置换多元方差分析时被剔除。

Table 1 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of soil Collembola community based on density, biomass, and metabolic rate across three forest types in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Numbers above the diagonal represent R² values, while numbers below diagonal represent F-values.

功能指标 Functional metrics	林型 Forest type	辽东栎 Oak forests	华北落叶松 Larch plantations	油松 Pine plantations
密度 Density	辽东栎 Oak forests	-	0.12^NS	0.26^*
	华北落叶松 Larch plantations	1.1	-	0.40^**
	油松 Pine plantations	2.8	5.4	-
生物量 Biomass	辽东栎 Oak forests	-	0.11^NS	0.30^*
	华北落叶松 Larch plantations	1	-	0.41^*
	油松 Pine plantations	3.4	5.5	-
代谢速率 Metabolic rate	辽东栎 Oak forests	-	0.11^NS	0.29^**
	华北落叶松 Larch plantations	1	-	0.41^**
	油松 Pine plantations	3.3	5.6	-

图1 东灵山天然林(辽东栎林)和人工林(油松林和华北落叶松林)中土壤跳虫群落和3个目跳虫密度、生物量和代谢速率(平均值 ± 标准误)。图中不同字母代表存在显著差异(Tukey’s HSD多重比较, P < 0.05, 或者秩和检验)。

Fig. 1 Total density, dry biomass, and metabolic rates (mean ± standard errors) of Collembola and its three orders (Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona) in natural oak forests and larch and pine plantations on the Dongling Mountain. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05, or Kruskal-Wallis test).

图2 东灵山天然林(辽东栎林)和人工林(油松林和华北落叶松林)中跳虫群落总密度、生物量和代谢速率与凋落物生物量和氮、磷元素浓度的关系

Fig. 2 Regression relationships between total density, dry biomass, and metabolic rate of Collembola communities and litter mass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in natural oak forests and larch and pine plantations on the Dongling Mountain

图 3 东灵山天然林(辽东栎林)和人工林(油松林和华北落叶松林)中跳虫群落和3个目跳虫平均体长、平均体重(干重)和平均代谢速率(平均值±标准误)。图中不同字母代表存在显著差异(Tukey’s HSD多重比较, P < 0.05, 或者秩和检验)。

Fig. 3 Community weighted mean (CWM, mean ± standard errors) of body length, dry body mass, and metabolic rates of Collembola class and its three orders (Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona) in natural oak forests and larch and pine plantations on the Dongling Mountain. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences among forest types (Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05, or Kruskal-Wallis test).

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北京市东灵山人工林和天然林对土壤跳虫体型、生物量和代谢功能的影响

Effects of artificial plantations and natural forests on the body size, biomass, and metabolic function of soil Collembola on the Dongling Mountain, Beijing

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