基于蛾类多样性研究人工林斑块的边缘效应

doi:10.17520/biods.2023074

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 23074. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023074

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇

基于蛾类多样性研究人工林斑块的边缘效应

段曼微¹, 李香², 周阳¹, 赵敏欣¹, 孙秀玲³, 韩冰⁴, 张刚⁵, 权子豪¹, 李凯¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
2.北京市绿地养护管理事务中心, 北京 102211
3.北京自然博物馆, 北京 100050
4.北京市十三陵林场, 北京 102200
5.北京市通州潞城集体林场, 北京 101100

收稿日期:2023-03-11 接受日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: jiujiu@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京林业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(x202110022213)

Edge effect in plantation patches based on moth diversity

Manwei Duan¹, Xiang Li², Yang Zhou¹, Minxin Zhao¹, Xiuling Sun³, Bing Han⁴, Gang Zhang⁵, Zihao Quan¹, Kai Li¹^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2. Beijing Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau, Beijing 102211
3. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050
4. Beijing Ming Tombs Forest Centre, Beijing 102200
5. Lucheng Collective Forest Centre in Beijing Tongzhou District, Beijing 101100

Received:2023-03-11 Accepted:2023-05-16 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-20
Contact: * E-mail: jiujiu@bjfu.edu.cn

1. 附录1 人工林斑块及边缘蛾类物种原始采集记录表.pdf(252KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

斑块状造林是当前国内营建人工林的主要方式之一, 在林内不同斑块间形成了大量的边缘环境。为探究人工林斑块间边缘效应的生物多样性特点, 本文基于北京平原造林中的毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)林-国槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)林、国槐林-栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)林、栾树林-桧柏(Juniperus chinensis)林、旱柳(Salix matsudana)林-杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)林4种树种组合, 选择与植物具有营养关系的蛾类为研究对象, 采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序、Anosim分析、物种多样性指数等对蛾类数量、物种组成与多样性进行分析; 并基于林下植被特征因子调查, 使用Pearson相关性分析探讨了植被特征因子与蛾类群落特征的关系。结果表明: 本研究共采集到蛾类4,428只, 分属于24科144种。(1)斑块边缘的蛾类物种组成与斑块内存在差异, 边缘独有种比例占所在样地组合物种数的13.59%-18.32%。(2)边缘物种多样性指数多为相邻斑块中间值或略高于斑块内; 旱柳林-杜仲林边缘的Simpson指数显著高于杜仲林斑块, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数显著高于旱柳林斑块, Pielou均匀度指数显著低于杜仲林斑块。(3)蛾类Simpson指数与植被的平均高度和平均盖度呈显著负相关关系; 而蛾类物种数与植被的平均高度和平均盖度呈显著正相关关系。(4) 4种边缘类型的边缘效应均呈正效应(I_H′ >1), 其中旱柳林-杜仲林边缘的边缘效应强度最低(I_C = 0.915185808)。斑块状人工林的边缘中存在对生境变化产生响应的蛾类类群, 这是斑块状人工林生物多样性提高的基础。不同树种组合斑块的边缘效应所呈现的生物多样性特点不同, 可能存在优势物种暴发的风险。本研究可为后续造林及林分管理提供指导意见。

关键词: 蛾类, 边缘效应, 人工林, 生物多样性, 斑块

Abstract

Aims: Afforestation though patch planting is one of the main ways of plantation construction in China. As a result, a large number of edge environments have emerged between different patches in the forest. The unique characteristics of these edge environments and their effects on biodiversity are worthy of attention. The purpose of this study is to explore its biodiversity performance characteristics.
Methods: This study was based on the four different combinations of tree species, specifically the patches of Populus tomentosa forest and Styphnolobium japonicum forest, Styphnolobium japonicum forest and Koelreuteria paniculata forest, Juniperus chinensis forest and Styphnolobium japonicum forest, Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest in Beijing Plain. The research selected the moth population in these forests as study objects and analyzed the species number, species composition and diversity of moth using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), analysis of similarities (Anosim), and species diversity index. Based on the survey of vegetation characteristic factors, Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between vegetation factors and moth community characteristics.
Results: A total of 4,428 moths were collected, representing 144 species of 24 families. (1) The composition of moth species differed between the edges and the patches, with unique species in the edge accounted for 13.59%-18.32% of the total species in the sample plot. (2) The diversity index of edge species was generally found to be slightly higher than or between that pure forest patches. The dominance index of the edge of Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest was significantly higher than that of Eucommia ulmoides forest patch, while the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index were significantly higher than that of Salix matsudana forest patch. Moreover, the Pielou evenness index of the edge was significantly lower than that of Eucommia ulmoides forest patch. (3) The moth Simpson dominance index was found to be negatively correlated with the average height and coverage of vegetation and the number of moth species was positively correlated with the average height and coverage of vegetation. (4) The four types of edge effects were all positive (I_H' > 1), and the edge effect intensity of the edge of Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest was the lowest (I_C = 0.915185808).
Conclusion: Some certain groups of moths inhabit marginal habitats, which contribute to the higher biodiversity found in patch plantations. The edge effects of paths composed of different tree species exhibit distinct biodiversity characteristics, and there is a possibility of dominant species outbreaks. This study can provide guidance for future subsequent afforestation and stand management.

Key words: moth, edge effect, plantation, biodiversity, patch

段曼微, 李香, 周阳, 赵敏欣, 孙秀玲, 韩冰, 张刚, 权子豪, 李凯 (2023) 基于蛾类多样性研究人工林斑块的边缘效应. 生物多样性, 31, 23074. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023074.

Manwei Duan, Xiang Li, Yang Zhou, Minxin Zhao, Xiuling Sun, Bing Han, Gang Zhang, Zihao Quan, Kai Li (2023) Edge effect in plantation patches based on moth diversity. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23074. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023074.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023074

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I5/23074

图/表 11

表1 人工林斑块蛾类调查样地概况(平均值 ± SD)

Table 1 Plot overview of plantation patches moth survey (mean ± SD)

	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)	株行距 Distance between trees (m)	林下植被高度 Height of understory vegetation (m)	林下植被盖度 Coverage of understory vegetation (%)
毛白杨林 Populus tomentosa forest (mby)	13.53 ± 1.05	20.00 ± 1.63	4 × 4	0.18 ± 0.11	3.00 ± 1.41^b
毛白杨林-国槐林1边缘 Edge of Populus tomentosa forest & Styphnolobium japonicum forest 1 (E_yh)	-	-	-	0.28 ± 0.10	53.89 ± 20.65^a
国槐林1 Styphnolobium japonicum forest 1 (gh1)	9.17 ± 0.62	32.67 ± 2.05	4 × 4	0.31 ± 0.24	48.00 ± 21.02^ab
栾树林 Koelreuteria paniculata forest (ls)	6.83 ± 0.85	17.67 ± 2.05	3.5 × 3.5	0.18 ± 0.19	20.67 ± 24.99^b
栾树林-国槐林2边缘 Edge of Koelreuteria paniculata forest & Styphnolobium japonicum forest 2 (E_lh)	-	-	-	0.28 ± 0.35	50.33 ± 27.19^a
国槐林2 Styphnolobium japonicum forest 2 (gh2)	8.67 ± 0.47	21.33 ± 2.62	4 × 4.5	0.16 ± 0.09	59.22 ± 32.26^a
桧柏林-国槐林2边缘 Edge of Juniperus chinensis forest & Styphnolobium japonicum forest 2 (E_bh)	-	-	-	0.35 ± 0.20	48.78 ± 29.18^a
桧柏林 Juniperus chinensis forest (gb)	3.17 ± 0.24	13.00 ± 2.16	3 × 3	0.28 ± 0.13	64.44 ± 27.33^a
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest (hl)	12.00 ± 0.82	22.67 ± 2.05	4 × 4	0.35 ± 0.15	61.11 ± 12.86^a
旱柳林-杜仲林边缘 Edge of Salix matsudana forest & Eucommia ulmoides forest (E_hd)	-	-	-	0.19 ± 0.07	51.78 ± 24.89^a
杜仲林 Eucommia ulmoides forest (dz)	8.33 ± 0.47	25.00 ± 4.08	3.5 × 3.5	0.18 ± 0.06	24.22 ± 21.26^b

图1 人工林斑块蛾类调查灯诱点位(a)及灯诱装置(b)设置图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the sample setting (a) and light trap (b) of the plantation patches moth survey

图2 毛白杨林-国槐林1样地情况(a)及灯诱装置实物图(b, c)

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of Populus tomentosa forest & Styphnolobium japonicum forest 1 and its edge (a) and diagram of light trap (b, c)

表2 人工林斑块及边缘蛾类个体数量

Table 2 Individuals of moth in plantations patches and edges

科 Family	mby	E_yh	gh1	ls	E_lh	gh2	E_bh	gb	hl	E_hd	dz
夜蛾科 Noctuidae	181	109	122	298	239	117	99	203	240	361	204
尺蛾科 Geometridae	68	52	122	79	87	85	71	23	13	30	23
螟蛾科 Pyralidae	21	30	59	100	106	72	38	40	33	62	67
菜蛾科 Plutellidae	12	6	15	23	26	18	26	47	9	18	15
卷蛾科 Tortricidae	4	21	8	17	24	30	16	23	22	22	16
织蛾科 Oecophoridae	1	3	5	14	11	16	15	17	21	23	10
麦蛾科 Gelechiidae	7	5	10	18	13	2	5	6	28	13	10
草螟科 Crambidae	2	13	10	11	15	9	8	4	6	24	13
舟蛾科 Notodontidae	6	5	2	1	1	4	2	-	3	14	6
瘤蛾科 Nolidae	-	-	1	-	1	-	1	-	7	18	12
其他 Others	1	7	3	17	14	13	7	16	4	12	10
合计 Total	303	251	357	578	537	366	288	379	386	597	386

图3 人工林斑块及边缘蛾类物种数(a)和个体数(b) (平均值 ± SD)。*代表斑块与边缘间差异显著; 不同小写字母表示不同边缘间差异显著。缩写含义见表1。

Fig. 3 Moth species number (a) and individuals (b) of plantation patches and edges (mean ± SD). * represents significant difference, different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different edges. The abbreviations see Table 1.

图4 人工林斑块及边缘蛾类物种数的Venn图。缩写含义见表1。

Fig. 4 Venn diagram of moth species numbers in plantation patches and edges. The abbreviations see Table 1.

图5 人工林斑块及边缘的蛾类群落非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序图

Fig. 5 Ordination plot of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of moth communities in plantation patches and edge

图6 人工林边缘类型蛾类物种占其所属样地物种数比例 (平均值 ± SD)。Pu代表独有种比例; Pr为剩余物种比例。缩写含义见表1。

Fig. 6 Proportion of moth species of plantation edge types in the number of species in the plot (mean ± SD). Pu represents the proportion of unique species; Pr represents the proportion of the remaining species. The abbreviations see Table 1.

图7 人工林斑块及边缘物种多样性指数(平均值 ± SD)。*代表斑块与边缘间差异显著; 不同小写字母表示不同边缘间差异显著。缩写含义见表1。

Fig. 7 The species diversity index of plantation patches and edges (mean ± SD). * represents significant difference, different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different edges. The abbreviations see Table 1.

图8 蛾类特征指数与环境因子相关性分析。(a)温度(平均值 ± SD); (b)湿度(平均值 ± SD); (c)蛾类特征指数与植被特征因子相关性分析图, 圆圈大小代表相关性强度, “×”表示不存在显著相关性。Vh: 林下植被平均高度; Vc: 林下植被平均盖度; S: 物种数; N: 个体数; C: Simpson指数; H′: Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; J: Pielou均匀度指数; D: Margalef丰富度指数。其余缩写含义见表1。

Fig. 8 Correlation analysis between moth characteristic index and environmental factors. (a) Temperature (mean ± SD); (b) Humidity (mean ± SD); (c) The plot of correlation analysis between moth characteristic index and vegetation characteristic factors. The circle size represents the correlation strength, “×” represents no significant correlation. Vh, Height of understory vegetation; Vc, Coverage of understory vegetation; S, Species numbers; N, Individuals; C, Simpson index; H′, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; J, Pielou evenness index; D, Margalef richness index. Other abbreviations see Table 1.

表3 不同人工林边缘类型的边缘效应指数

Table 3 Edge effect index of different plantation edge types. The abbreviations see Table 1.

边缘效应强度 Edge effect intensity	毛白杨林-国槐林1边缘 E_yh	栾树林-国槐林2边缘 E_lh	桧柏林-国槐林2边缘 E_bh	旱柳林-杜仲林边缘 E_hd
I_H’	1.102593793	1.078513732	1.105394079	1.080308277
Ic	0.862558656	0.854916806	0.771192529	0.915185808

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基于蛾类多样性研究人工林斑块的边缘效应

Edge effect in plantation patches based on moth diversity

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