夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物群落多样性和生长的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024553

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024553 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024553

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物群落多样性和生长的影响

张浩斌¹^,², 肖路¹^,^*()(), 刘艳杰¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室, 长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-12-09 接受日期:2025-02-18 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-03-27
通讯作者: *E-mail: xiaolu@iga.ac.cn; liuyanjie@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
吉林省优秀青年基金(20230101364JC);国家自然科学基金(32201441)

Effects of artificial light at night on the diversity and growth of invasive alien and native plants

Zhang Haobin¹^,², Xiao Lu¹^,^*()(), Liu Yanjie¹^,^*()()

1 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-12-09 Accepted:2025-02-18 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-03-27
Contact: *E-mail: xiaolu@iga.ac.cn; liuyanjie@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
Excellent Youth Foundation of Jilin Province, China(20230101364JC);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201441)

1. 附录.pdf(400KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 过度使用人造夜间灯光所引发的光污染会对多种类型的生物及生态过程造成负面影响。然而, 夜间灯光是否会影响外来入侵植物的入侵频度, 以及夜间灯光对外来入侵植物与本地植物群落组成和植物生长的影响是否存在差异, 尚需进一步解析。本研究通过实地调查, 对比分析了长春市有无路灯区域的外来植物入侵频度、外来入侵植物与本地植物群落组成和多样性以及外来入侵植物与本地植物的平均株高和相对盖度的差异。结果显示: (1)夜间灯光对外来入侵植物分布频度无显著影响; (2)夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物群落的β多样性也没有显著影响, 但是显著增加外来入侵植物的丰富度(α多样性); (3)夜间灯光显著增加外来入侵植物的平均株高和相对盖度显著增加, 显著降低本地植物的相对盖度, 而对本地植物的平均株高则无显著影响。综上所述, 夜间灯光可能会进一步强化外来入侵植物的竞争优势, 增加其入侵风险。因此, 在未来外来入侵植物防控策略制定中, 应当纳入对这一因素的考量。

关键词: 夜间灯光, 城市植被, 外来植物入侵, 植物多样性, 植物生长

Abstract

Aims:The negative impacts of light pollution, resulting from excessive artificial light at night (ALAN), on various organisms and ecological processes, have garnered significant attention. However, the impact of ALAN on the frequency of invasive alien plants and its effects on plant community composition and the growth performance of both invasive alien and native species remain poorly understood.

Methods:We carried out a field investigation in Changchun City to compare areas with and without ALAN exposure, focusing on the frequency of invasive alien plants, the composition, and biodiversity of both invasive alien and native plant communities, as well as the average plant height and relative coverage of these plants.

Results:We found that: (1) ALAN did not significantly influence the frequency of invasive alien plants; (2) While ALAN did not significantly affect the diversity of invasive alien and native plant communities, it significantly increased the richness of invasive alien plants; (3) ALAN significantly enhanced the average height and relative cover of invasive alien plants and decreased the relative cover of native plants, but had no significant effect on the average height of native plants.

Conclusions:These results suggest that ALAN may further bolster the competitive advantage of invasive alien plants and increase their invasion risk. Therefore, future management strategies for plant invasion should incorporate ALAN as a potential contributing factor.

Key words: artificial light at night, urban vegetation, alien plant invasion, plant diversity, plant growth

张浩斌, 肖路, 刘艳杰 (2025) 夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物群落多样性和生长的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 24553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024553.

Zhang Haobin, Xiao Lu, Liu Yanjie (2025) Effects of artificial light at night on the diversity and growth of invasive alien and native plants. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024553.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024553

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I4/24553

图/表 4

表1 不同夜间灯光水平下主要外来入侵植物和本地植物平均频度

Table 1 Average frequency of main invasive alien and native plants under different levels of artificial light at night

	外来入侵植物 Invasive alien plants		本地植物 Native plants
	物种 Species	频度 Frequency (%)	物种 Species	频度 Frequency (%)
全部植物 All plants	豚草 Ambrosia artemisiifolia	39.13	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	69.57
	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	31.88	稗 Echinochloa crus-galli	50.72
	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	18.84	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	47.83
	牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora	17.39	萹蓄 Polygonum aviculare	40.58
	一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	11.59	苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	39.13
有路灯(亮) LIT POLES	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	40.74	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	74.07
	豚草 Ambrosia artemisiifolia	33.33	萹蓄 Polygonum aviculare	55.56
	牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora	25.93	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	51.85
	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	22.22	稗 Echinochloa crus-galli	48.15
	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	14.81	苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	44.44
有路灯(不亮) UNLIT POLES	豚草 Ambrosia artemisiifolia	80.00	稗 Echinochloa crus-galli	60.00
	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	40.00	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	60.00
	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	20.00	藜 Chenopodium album	50.00
	苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti	10.00	野大豆 Glycine soja	50.00
	/	/	金色狗尾草 Setaria pumila	40.00
无路灯 NO POLES	豚草 Ambrosia artemisiifolia	31.25	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	68.75
	三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	21.88	稗 Echinochloa crus-galli	50.00
	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	15.63	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	46.88
	牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora	15.63	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	46.88
	一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	12.50	大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana	37.50

图1 基于Bray-Curtis距离外来入侵植物(a)和本地植物(b)群落间β多样性差异的NMDS分析结果。无路灯表示无路灯直接照射区域, 有路灯(不亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆但是路灯不亮, 有路灯(亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆且路灯正常亮。

Fig. 1 NMDS analysis results of β diversity differences between the communities of invasive alien plants (a) and native plants (b), based on the Bray-Curtis distance. The areas lacking direct illumination from streetlights (NO POLES); The areas where streetlights on poles are not lit (UNLIT POLES); The areas where streetlights on poles are lit (LIT POLES).

图2 夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物的α多样性指标(丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数)的影响。无路灯表示无路灯直接照射区域; 有路灯(不亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆但是路灯不亮; 有路灯(亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆且路灯正常亮。图中数据为平均值 ± 标准误。不同字母表示同一指标在不同夜间灯光水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。左上角的回归图展示了外来入侵植物或本地植物的α多样性指标与夜间灯光强度的关系。在显著以及边际显著关系的模型中展示了模型的R2、P值和回归拟合线。

Fig. 2 The impacts of artificial light at night on α-diversity indices (richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) of invasive alien plants and native plants. The areas lacking direct illumination from streetlights (NO POLES); The areas where streetlights on poles are not lit (UNLIT POLES); The areas where streetlights on poles are lit (LIT POLES). The values are the mean ± SE. Different letters indicate significant differences in the same index among different levels of artificial light at night (P < 0.05). The regression plots in the upper left corner illustrate the relationships between the α-diversity indices of invasive alien plants or native plants and the intensity of artificial light at night. For models showing significant and marginally significant relationships, the R², P values, and regression fit lines are displayed.

图3 夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物平均株高和相对盖度的影响。无路灯表示无路灯直接照射区域, 有路灯(不亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆但是路灯不亮, 有路灯(亮)表示该区域有路灯灯杆且路灯正常亮。图中数据为平均值 ± 标准误。不同字母表示同一指标在不同夜间灯光水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。左上角的回归图展示了外来入侵植物或本地植物的生长指标与夜间灯光强度的关系。在显著以及边际显著关系的模型中展示了模型的R2、P值和回归拟合线。

Fig. 3 The impacts of artificial light at night on the average plant height and relative cover of invasive alien plants and native plants. The areas lacking direct illumination from streetlights (NO POLES). The areas where streetlights on poles are not lit (UNLIT POLES). The areas where streetlights on poles are lit (LIT POLES). The values are the mean ± SE. Different letters indicate significant differences in the same index among different levels of artificial light at night (P < 0.05). The regression plots in the upper left corner illustrate the relationships between the growth indices of invasive alien plants or native plants and the intensity of artificial light at night. For models showing significant and marginally significant relationships, the R², P values, and regression fit lines are displayed.

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	[邹丹, 周玉科, 林金堂, 陈天宇, 吴志杰, 王洪 (2022) 利用夜间灯光分析胡焕庸线两侧社会经济发展不均衡状况. 遥感技术与应用, 37, 929-937.] DOI

夜间灯光对外来入侵植物和本地植物群落多样性和生长的影响

Effects of artificial light at night on the diversity and growth of invasive alien and native plants

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