广州市陆生野生脊椎动物资源: 多样性、分布与保护空缺

doi:10.17520/biods.2025422

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 25422. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025422 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025422

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

广州市陆生野生脊椎动物资源: 多样性、分布与保护空缺

梁健超¹^,^#(), 陈淑甜¹^,²^,^#(), 何文祥³, 熊春妮³, 许镇洲⁴(), 黄源欣¹, 刘源志弘¹, 张浪⁵^,^*(), 胡慧建¹^,^*()

¹ 广东省科学院动物研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物调查监测与生态修复工程技术研究中心, 广州 510260
² 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
³ 广东省广州生态环境监测中心站, 广州 510030
⁴ 华南农业大学林业与风景园林学院, 广州 510642
⁵ 上海市园林科学规划研究院, 上海 200232

收稿日期:2025-10-24 接受日期:2026-02-15 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-01
通讯作者: 张浪,胡慧建
作者简介:第一联系人：^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52478053);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515110744);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515010783);广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212040009);广东省科学院科技发展专项(2022GDASZH-2022010105);广东省林业科技项目(2025KJQT007)

Wild terrestrial vertebrate resources in Guangzhou: Diversity, distribution, and conservation gaps

Jianchao Liang¹^,^#(), Shutian Chen¹^,²^,^#(), Wenxiang He³, Chunni Xiong³, Zhenzhou Xu⁴(), Yuanxin Huang¹, Yuanzhihong Liu¹, Lang Zhang⁵^,^*(), Huijian Hu¹^,^*()

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Wildlife Survey Monitoring and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
² School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³ Guangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510030, China
⁴ College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
⁵ Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China

Received:2025-10-24 Accepted:2026-02-15 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-01
Contact: Lang Zhang, Huijian Hu
About author:First author contact:^#Co-first authors
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478053);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110744);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010783);Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China(2024B1212040009);Guangdong Academy of Sciences Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010105);Forestry Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong Province(2025KJQT007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着人类世背景下快速的城市化进程, 城市区域已成为许多物种的重要栖息地。然而, 目前大型城市的野生动物组成、分布等基础信息普遍存在缺失、零散、滞后等问题。广州市作为国家重要中心城市和粤港澳大湾区核心引擎, 其野生动物多样性及栖息地分布尚缺乏系统研究。本研究在野外调查基础上, 收集整理了文献资料、出版专著、新闻资讯以及公民科学平台记录等相关数据, 对广州市陆生野生脊椎动物多样性进行系统梳理。在此基础上, 利用MaxEnt模型对物种潜在分布进行分析, 并综合层次分析法与熵值法评估和筛选了野生动物重要栖息地。结果表明: (1)广州市有陆生野生脊椎动物33目134科690种, 与现有记录相比, 本次新增记录物种100种, 包括香港湍蛙(Amolops hongkongensis)、黑脊蛇(Achalinus spinalis)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)、利安德水鼩(Chimarrogale leander)等; (2)动物多样性格局呈东高西低趋势, 热点集中在北部从化山地、东部增城丘陵耕地及南部南沙湿地; (3)广州市野生动物重要栖息地有24处, 共1,299.5 km²。现有保护地体系覆盖了约83% (1,078.9 km²)的重要栖息地, 但仍有17% (220.6 km²)的空缺。本研究对广州市陆生野生脊椎动物及其栖息地名录进行了梳理和更新, 为城市保护规划与管理提供了科学依据, 同时为高度城市化区域的生物多样性编目、格局与保护研究提供了范例。

关键词: 陆生野生脊椎动物, 城市生态, 保护空缺, 重要栖息地评估, 广州市

Abstract

Aims: In the Anthropocene, rapid urban expansion has turned cities into important habitats for many species. However, basic information on wildlife composition and distribution in large cities is often lacking, fragmented, or outdated. As a national central city and the core engine of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou lacks systematic research on its wildlife diversity and habitat distribution. This study aims to systematically compile data on wild terrestrial vertebrates in Guangzhou and identify priority habitats to inform conservation planning.
Methods: Based on field surveys, we collected and integrated data from literature, monographs, news reports, and citizen science databases. We analyzed potential species distributions using the MaxEnt model and evaluated priority wildlife habitats by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM).
Results: (1) A total of 690 species of wild terrestrial vertebrates, belonging to 33 orders and 134 families, were recorded in Guangzhou. Among them, 100 species were newly recorded, such as Amolops hongkongensis, Achalinus spinalis, Grus monacha, and Chimarrogale leander. (2) Animal diversity showed a pattern of higher richness in the east and lower in the west, with hotspots concentrated in the mountainous areas of Conghua in the north, the hilly farmland of Zengcheng in the east, and the wetlands of Nansha in the south. (3) We identified 24 priority wildlife habitats covering a total area of 1,299.5 km². The existing protected area network covered approximately 83% (1,078.9 km²) of these priority habitats, but a 17% protected gap (220.6 km²).
Conclusion: This study updates the inventory of wild terrestrial vertebrates and their priority habitats in Guangzhou, providing a scientific basis for urban conservation planning and management. It also offers a valuable model for biodiversity inventory, pattern analysis, and conservation research in highly urbanized areas.

Key words: wild terrestrial vertebrates, urban ecology, conservation gap, priority habitat assessment, Guangzhou

梁健超, 陈淑甜, 何文祥, 熊春妮, 许镇洲, 黄源欣, 刘源志弘, 张浪, 胡慧建 (2026) 广州市陆生野生脊椎动物资源: 多样性、分布与保护空缺. 生物多样性, 34, 25422. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025422.

Jianchao Liang, Shutian Chen, Wenxiang He, Chunni Xiong, Zhenzhou Xu, Yuanxin Huang, Yuanzhihong Liu, Lang Zhang, Huijian Hu (2026) Wild terrestrial vertebrate resources in Guangzhou: Diversity, distribution, and conservation gaps. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25422. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025422.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025422

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I5/25422

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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一级指标 Primary indicator	二级指标 Secondary indicator	指标说明 Indicator description
生物指标 Biological indicators	物种多样性 Species diversity	连续型指标。基于MaxEnt模型预测的所有物种的潜在空间分布结果叠加 Continuous indicators. Overlay of potential spatial distribution predictions for all species generated by the MaxEnt model
生物指标 Biological indicators	重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
环境指标 Environmental indicators	河网密度 River network density	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
环境指标 Environmental indicators	植被覆盖度(归一化植被指数) Vegetation cover (normalized difference vegetation index)	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
干扰因素 Disturbance factors	人口密度 Population density	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
干扰因素 Disturbance factors	用地性质 Land-use type	离散型指标。人造地表、耕地和裸地赋值为0, 林地、草地、灌丛、湿地和水体赋值为0.5, 自然保护地赋值为1 Discrete indicators. Artificial surfaces, cropland, and bare land are assigned a value of 0; forest, grassland, shrubland, wetland, and water bodies are assigned a value of 0.5; protected areas are assigned a value of 1

一级指标 Primary indicator	二级指标 Secondary indicator	指标说明 Indicator description
生物指标 Biological indicators	物种多样性 Species diversity	连续型指标。基于MaxEnt模型预测的所有物种的潜在空间分布结果叠加 Continuous indicators. Overlay of potential spatial distribution predictions for all species generated by the MaxEnt model
生物指标 Biological indicators	重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
环境指标 Environmental indicators	河网密度 River network density	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
环境指标 Environmental indicators	植被覆盖度(归一化植被指数) Vegetation cover (normalized difference vegetation index)	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
干扰因素 Disturbance factors	人口密度 Population density	连续型指标 Continuous indicators
干扰因素 Disturbance factors	用地性质 Land-use type	离散型指标。人造地表、耕地和裸地赋值为0, 林地、草地、灌丛、湿地和水体赋值为0.5, 自然保护地赋值为1 Discrete indicators. Artificial surfaces, cropland, and bare land are assigned a value of 0; forest, grassland, shrubland, wetland, and water bodies are assigned a value of 0.5; protected areas are assigned a value of 1

	重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	物种多样性 Species diversity	河网密度 River network density	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	人口密度 Population density	用地性质 Land-use type
重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	1	2	3	3	3	1
物种多样性 Species diversity	1/2	1	2	2	2	1/4
河网密度 River network density	1/3	1/2	1	1	2	1/5
归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	1/3	1/2	1	1	3	1/5
人口密度 Population density	1/3	1/2	1/2	1/3	1	1/6
用地性质 Land-use type	1	4	5	5	6	1

	重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	物种多样性 Species diversity	河网密度 River network density	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	人口密度 Population density	用地性质 Land-use type
重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	1	2	3	3	3	1
物种多样性 Species diversity	1/2	1	2	2	2	1/4
河网密度 River network density	1/3	1/2	1	1	2	1/5
归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	1/3	1/2	1	1	3	1/5
人口密度 Population density	1/3	1/2	1/2	1/3	1	1/6
用地性质 Land-use type	1	4	5	5	6	1

	重要物种多样性 Priority species diversity	物种多样性 Species diversity	河网密度 River network density	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	人口密度 Population density	用地性质 Land-use type
主观权重 Subjective weight	0.195	0.174	0.229	0.061	0.062	0.279
客观权重 Objective weight	0.257	0.131	0.083	0.092	0.055	0.382
综合权重 Synthesized weight	0.230	0.156	0.141	0.077	0.060	0.336

广州市陆生野生脊椎动物资源: 多样性、分布与保护空缺

Wild terrestrial vertebrate resources in Guangzhou: Diversity, distribution, and conservation gaps

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保护级别 Protection level	两栖类 Amphibians	爬行类 Reptiles	鸟类 Birds	兽类 Mammals	合计 Total
国家一级 National Class I	-	-	18	4	22
国家二级 National Class II	4	17	86	9	116
IUCN极危 IUCN CR	1	5	3	1	10
IUCN濒危 IUCN EN	1	5	8	1	15
CITES附录I CITES Appendix I	1	1	8	5	15
CITES附录II CITES Appendix II	1	12	46	2	61
CITES附录III CITES Appendix III	-	2	5	8	15
省重点 Provincial key protected species	-	4	84	7	95
三有物种 Species with “Three Values”	9	71	356	19	455
中国特有 China-endemic	15	11	3	4	33

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