生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25377. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025377 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025377
苏璇1,2,3, 时雷雷1,2,3, 陈娟娟4, 单燕祥3,5, 张吉6, 张洪芝1,2,3,*(
), 傅声雷1,2,3,*()
收稿日期:2025-09-25
接受日期:2026-02-20
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者:
张洪芝,傅声雷
基金资助:
Xuan Su1,2,3, Leilei Shi1,2,3, Juanjuan Chen4, Yanxiang Shan3,5, Ji Zhang6, Hongzhi Zhang1,2,3,*(), Shenglei Fu1,2,3,*()
Received:2025-09-25
Accepted:2026-02-20
Online:2026-04-20
Published:2026-05-28
Contact:
Hongzhi Zhang, Shenglei Fu
Supported by:摘要：
线蚓隶属于环节动物门环带纲, 是环带纲的第二大科。线蚓在改良土壤结构、增加孔隙度、提升通气透水性, 促进土壤颗粒混合并形成稳定团聚体等方面扮演重要的调控作用, 被誉为“微型生态系统工程师”。线蚓作为关键的有机物分解者, 参与养分循环, 与土壤微生物、植物根系及其他土壤动物间存在复杂且紧密的相互作用关系, 是土壤食物网的重要一环。本文从营养生态学和生态功能方面梳理了线蚓的研究进展。在营养生态学方面, 明确了线蚓食物来源的多样性, 揭示了其营养物质吸收与转化的生理机制, 初步厘清了其营养生态位特征; 在生态功能方面, 发现了线蚓对土壤结构具有重塑作用, 阐明了其在碳循环(加速有机质矿化、调控微生物活性影响碳释放与固定)和氮循环(促进有机氮矿化、影响无机氮释放与迁移)中的双重调控效应, 以及其与土壤微生物、其他土壤动物及植物根系的复杂关系。当前, 线蚓生态学在基础研究与应用层面仍存在许多不足, 为了深入理解线蚓的生态功能和生态服务潜能, 未来需要从多学科交叉的视野针对线蚓营养生态学的生物机制和多维生态功能开展深入系统的研究, 以期利用线蚓的生物学特性和生态功能服务生产实践和环境可持续发展。
苏璇, 时雷雷, 陈娟娟, 单燕祥, 张吉, 张洪芝, 傅声雷 (2026) 土壤线蚓的营养生态学和生态功能研究进展. 生物多样性, 34, 25377. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025377.
Xuan Su, Leilei Shi, Juanjuan Chen, Yanxiang Shan, Ji Zhang, Hongzhi Zhang, Shenglei Fu (2026) Advances of the trophic ecology and ecological functions of soil enchytraeids. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25377. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025377.
图1 发现于吉林长白山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站落叶松林土壤层中的线蚓: 在自然生境中的形态及栖息状态。
Fig. 1 Morphology and habitat of an enchytraeid specimen found in the soil layer under a larch forest at the Jilin Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station.
图2 采集于吉林长白山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的落叶松林土壤层该线蚓样本
Fig. 2 An enchytraeid specimen collected from the soil layer under the larch forest at the Jilin Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station
| 物种 Species | δ13C (or Δ13C) (‰) | δ13N/ (orΔ15N) (‰) | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 线蚓 Enchytraeids | -11.5 | 4.9 | Briones & Ineson, |
| Fridericia christeri | -25.4 | 13.9 | Schmidt et al., |
| Fridericia galba | -25.6 | 12.9 | Schmidt et al., |
| 巴氏线蚓 Enchytraeus buchholzi | -24.4±0.2 | 7.0±0.8 | Schmidt et al., |
| Achaeta pannonica | 6.6±0.2 | 11.5±0.9 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 附支巴氏蚓 Buchholzia appendiculata | 5.5±0 | 5.5±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia sphagnetorum | 8.3±0.2 | 8.3±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia glandulosa | 3.8±0.4 | 6.5±0.6 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia lapponica | 4.6±0.3 | 7.8±0.5 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia sp. | 6.1±0.1 | 6.4±0.1 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Enchytraeus albidus | 1.7±0.2 | 4.0±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Enchytraeus dichaetus | 6.3±0.8 | 9.0±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 巴氏线蚓 Enchytraeus buchholzi | 5.1±0.3 | 7.7±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 类球白线蚓 Fridericia bulboides | 3.9±0.5 | 8.7±0.8 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Fridericia galba | 2.1±0.1 | 5.4±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Globulidrilus riparius | 0.9±0 | 3.0±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus lineatus | 1.5±1.2 | 5.5±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus pagenstecheri | 1.2±0.7 | 4.0±0.4 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus rivalis | 1.7±0.2 | 3.5±0.2 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus viridis | 0.6±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | Korobushkin et al., |
表1 线蚓13C和15N同位素数值汇总。线蚓科、Fridericia christeri、F. galba、Enchytraeus buchholzi的数据为δ13C和δ15N值, 反映其相对于国际标准物质的稳定同位素比值。其余物种数据为Δ13C和Δ15N值, 计算公式为Δ=δ_sample − δ_baseline (δ_baseline为本地基线食物源δ值)。该校正消除不同区域间因同位素基线导致的波动, 更精准地揭示各物种相对于本地基础食物源的同位素富集特征与营养生态位差异。
Table 1 Summary of δ13C (or Δ13C) and δ13N (or Δ15N) values for enchytraeids. δ13C and δ15N values are presented for enchytraeids, Fridericia christeri, F. galba, and Enchytraeus buchholzi, relative to international standards. Δ13C and Δ15N values for other species were calculated as Δ=δ_sample ‒ δ_baseline, where δ_baseline is the local baseline food source. This calculation effectively eliminates fluctuations in isotopic baselines caused by differences in environmental backgrounds across study areas, thereby more accurately revealing the isotopic enrichment characteristics and trophic niche differences of each species relative to local basal food sources in their respective ecosystems.
| 物种 Species | δ13C (or Δ13C) (‰) | δ13N/ (orΔ15N) (‰) | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 线蚓 Enchytraeids | -11.5 | 4.9 | Briones & Ineson, |
| Fridericia christeri | -25.4 | 13.9 | Schmidt et al., |
| Fridericia galba | -25.6 | 12.9 | Schmidt et al., |
| 巴氏线蚓 Enchytraeus buchholzi | -24.4±0.2 | 7.0±0.8 | Schmidt et al., |
| Achaeta pannonica | 6.6±0.2 | 11.5±0.9 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 附支巴氏蚓 Buchholzia appendiculata | 5.5±0 | 5.5±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia sphagnetorum | 8.3±0.2 | 8.3±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia glandulosa | 3.8±0.4 | 6.5±0.6 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia lapponica | 4.6±0.3 | 7.8±0.5 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Cognettia sp. | 6.1±0.1 | 6.4±0.1 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Enchytraeus albidus | 1.7±0.2 | 4.0±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Enchytraeus dichaetus | 6.3±0.8 | 9.0±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 巴氏线蚓 Enchytraeus buchholzi | 5.1±0.3 | 7.7±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| 类球白线蚓 Fridericia bulboides | 3.9±0.5 | 8.7±0.8 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Fridericia galba | 2.1±0.1 | 5.4±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Globulidrilus riparius | 0.9±0 | 3.0±0 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus lineatus | 1.5±1.2 | 5.5±0.3 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus pagenstecheri | 1.2±0.7 | 4.0±0.4 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus rivalis | 1.7±0.2 | 3.5±0.2 | Korobushkin et al., |
| Lumbricillus viridis | 0.6±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | Korobushkin et al., |
图3 线蚓的生态功能示意图。线蚓在土壤生态系统中的关键作用主要包括三方面: 土壤结构改良功能; 养分循环和碳循环调控功能; 土壤食物网维系功能。
Fig. 3 Ecological functions of enchytraeids. Key roles of enchytraeids in soil ecosystems include three aspects: soil structure improvement; nutrient and carbon cycle regulation; and soil food web maintenance.
图4 吉林长白山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站青杨林下井盖表面聚集的线蚓及周边环境中的蚯蚓。井盖表面可见大量线蚓聚集, 周边土壤及凋落物中则有大量蚯蚓活动, 清晰展现两类环带纲动物不同的生境分布特征。
Fig. 4 Enchytraeids aggregating on the surface of a manhole cover and earthworms in the surrounding environment under a Populus cathayana forest at the Jilin Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station. Enchytraeids densely aggregated on the manhole cover surface, while numerous earthworms inhabit the adjacent soil and litter, presenting distinct the habitat preferences of these two clitellate groups.
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