土壤线蚓的营养生态学和生态功能研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2025377

生物多样性

土壤线蚓的营养生态学和生态功能研究进展

苏璇^1,2,3, 时雷雷^1,2,3, 陈娟娟⁴, 单燕祥^3,5, 张吉⁶, 张洪芝^1,2,3*, 傅声雷^1,2,3*

1. 河南大学地理科学与工程学部，郑州 450046；2. 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室（河南大学），开封475004；3. 河南大别山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，郑州 450046；4. 宁波大学土木工程与地理环境学院，宁波 315211；5. 信阳市林业科学研究所，信阳 464031；6. 中国科学院武汉文献情报中心，武汉 430000

收稿日期:2025-09-25 修回日期:2026-02-04 接受日期:2026-03-02
通讯作者: 张洪芝, 傅声雷
基金资助:
本研究得到以下项目资助

Advances of the Trophic Ecology and Ecological Functions of Soil Enchytraeids

Xuan Su^1,2,3, Leilei Shi^1,2,3, Juanjuan Chen⁴, Yanxiang Shan^3,5, Ji Zhang⁶, Hongzhi Zhang^1,2,3*, Shenglei Fu^1,2,3*

1 Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China

2 Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China

3 Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Zhengzhou 450046, China

4 School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China

5 Xinyang Institute of Forestry Science, Xinyang, Henan 464031, China

6 National Science Library (WuHan), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China

Received:2025-09-25 Revised:2026-02-04 Accepted:2026-03-02
Contact: Hongzhi Zhang, Shenglei Fu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 线蚓隶属于环节动物门环带纲，是环带纲的第二大科。线蚓在改良土壤结构、增加孔隙度、提升通气透水性，促进土壤颗粒混合并形成稳定团聚体等方面扮演重要的调控作用，被誉为“微型生态系统工程师”。线蚓作为关键的有机物分解者，参与养分循环，与土壤微生物、植物根系及其他土壤动物间存在复杂且紧密的相互作用关系，是土壤食物网的重要一环。本文从营养生态学和生态功能方面梳理线蚓的研究进展。在营养生态学方面，主要研究进展包括明确了线蚓食物来源的多样性，揭示了其营养物质吸收与转化的生理机制，初步厘清了其营养生态位特征；在生态功能方面，主要研究进展包括发现线蚓对土壤结构具有重塑作用，阐明了其在碳循环（加速有机质矿化、调控微生物活性影响碳释放与固定）和氮循环（促进有机氮矿化、影响无机氮释放与迁移）中的双重调控效应，以及其与土壤微生物、其他土壤动物及植物根系的复杂相互作用关系。当前，线蚓生态学在基础研究与应用层面仍存在许多不足，为了深入理解线蚓的生态功能和生态服务潜能，未来需要从多学科交叉的视野针对线蚓营养生态学的生物机制和多维生态功能开展深入系统的研究，以期利用线蚓的生物学特性和生态功能服务生产实践和环境可持续发展。

关键词: 线蚓, 营养生态学, 生态功能, 生态系统工程师

Abstract

Background & Aim: Enchytraeidae is the second most species abundant family in the Annelida Clitellata. Recognized as micro-ecosystem engineers, soil enchytraeids play crucial regulatory roles in improving soil structure and aggregate stability, enhancing soil porosity, air permeability and water infiltration through their burrowing, ingesting and mixing mineral soil particles. In addition, as key decomposers of soil organic matter, soft-bodied enchytraeids are vital drivers of nutrient cycling and forming intimate interactions with soil microorganisms, plant roots, and other soil fauna, which make them inevitably involved in the complex soil food webs.

Review Results: In this review, the recent advances of ecological studies of soil enchytraeids were systematically summarized, especially focusing on their trophic ecology and ecological functions. In the field of trophic ecology, the most important advances including: (1) clearly clarifying the diverse food sources of the soil enchytraeids; (2) unveiling the biological mechanisms underlying the absorption and transformation of nutritional materials their guts; and (3) preliminary figuring out their trophic niches. Regarding the ecological functions of soil enchytraeids, the key findings involving: (1) clearly demonstrating the engineering roles of enchytraeids in improving the soil structures; ( 2) preliminary recognizing their important dual roles in soil carbon (i.e. enhancing organic carbon mineralization, controlling labile carbon releasing and sequestration by their effects on soil microbes) and nitrogen dynamics (i.e. increasing soil organic nitrogen mineralization, controlling inorganic nitrogen releasing and transporting); and (3) basically understanding the multiple interactions of enchytraeids with soil microorganisms, other soil fauna, and plant roots.

Prospects: Although having the abovementioned key progresses in recent years, the ecological studies of the soil enchytraeids are largely overlooked in the fundamental and applied fields. To further understating the ecological functions and potential ecosystem services of the soil enchytraeids, and using the soil enchytraeids to serve the practices and sustainable development, the interdisciplinary perspectives are needed in the future studies of enchytraeids regarding their trophic ecology and multifunctionality.

Key words: Enchytraeids, Trophic Ecology, Ecological Function, Ecosystem Engineers

苏璇, 时雷雷, 陈娟娟, 单燕祥, 张吉, 张洪芝, 傅声雷. 土壤线蚓的营养生态学和生态功能研究进展. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025377.

Xuan Su, Leilei Shi, Juanjuan Chen, Yanxiang Shan, Ji Zhang, Hongzhi Zhang, Shenglei Fu. Advances of the Trophic Ecology and Ecological Functions of Soil Enchytraeids. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025377.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025377

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