我国土壤线虫生态学研究进展和展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2018082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤线虫生态学主要探讨土壤线虫群落和其周围环境(包括生物和非生物)的相互关系, 包括不同生态系统中土壤线虫群落的分布和结构组成、线虫群落与土壤环境及其他土壤生物之间的相互作用等。本文回顾了我国研究者近年来在土壤线虫生态学研究领域的研究现状, 包括不同生态系统土壤线虫群落的分布、组成和多样性及其影响因素, 土壤线虫群落与全球气候环境变化的关系, 土壤线虫群落的生态功能以及土壤线虫群落生态学分析方法的发展及应用。重点评述近年来我国土壤线虫生态学的发展现状, 同时分析和比较了国内外土壤线虫生态学的发展态势, 提出建设全国范围的监测网络的重要性。未来我国土壤线虫生态学的发展方向应继续加强小尺度下土壤微食物网联通性和大尺度下全球气候变化对土壤线虫群落影响的研究以及加强相关新的研究技术方法的应用。

关键词: 土壤线虫多样性, 生物指示, 全球气候变化, 线虫生态功能

Abstract

Investigations into soil nematode ecology mainly focus on the relationship between soil nematode communities and their surrounding environment, both biotic and abiotic. This paper reviews a recent string of publications on soil nematode ecology by scholars in China. Research progress has been made on the distribution, composition, ecological function, diversity and drivers of soil nematode communities, as well as on their relationship with global climate change. Developments in new analysis methods for soil nematode ecology are also reviewed here. The developments in soil nematode ecology in domestic and international studies are compared and analyzed, and then the importance of nationwide monitor network construction is put forward. Future research directions of soil nematode ecology in China are also presented. In conclusion, more studies are needed on soil nematode ecology at a small scale within soil micro-food webs and at a large scale under global climate change, and new related technology and methods should continue to be developed.

Key words: soil nematode diversity, bioindication, global climate change, nematode ecological function

张晓珂, 梁文举, 李琪 (2018) 我国土壤线虫生态学研究进展和展望. 生物多样性, 26, 1060-1073. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018082.

Xiaoke Zhang, Wenju Liang, Qi Li (2018) Recent progress and future directions of soil nematode ecology in China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 1060-1073. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018082.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018082

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I10/1060

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生态系统 Ecosystems	处理 Treatments	属的数量 Genus number	多样性 Diversity (H°)	丰富度 Richness	营养类群多样性 Trophic diversity	参考文献 References
农田 Agricultural field	施肥 Fertilization	23-48	1.86-3.07	2.67-4.17	2.10-3.80	Hu & Cao (2008); Liang et al (2005, 2009); Jiang et al (2013)
	耕作 Tillage	19-29	1.84-2.23	2.57-3.74	0.60-3.44	Hou et al (2010); Zhang XK et al (2012)
	生物炭 Biochar	23-36	2.20-2.52	3.21-3.95	1.86-3.79	Zhang XK et al (2013)
森林 Forest	林型 Forest type	29-62	2.02-2.63	2.26-3.12	1.77-3.46	Zhang M et al (2012)
森林 Forest	林龄 Forest age	16-60	0.74-2.29	0.91-6.02	1.60-3.96	Zhang XK et al (2015)
	植被类型 Vegetation type	28-42	2.50-3.30	2.00-16.00	-	Xiao et al (2014); Shao et al (2016)
草地 Grassland	恢复措施 Restoration practices	30-40	0.70-1.03	-	5.45-7.47	Wu DH et al (2008)
草地 Grassland	退化和放牧 Degradation and grazing	20-45	2.20-2.72	4.00-4.50	2.80-3.30	Liang et al (2007); Li et al (2013)
湿地 Wetland	开垦改良 Reclamation	11-47	0.18-2.46	4-15	1.10-4.86	Wu et al (2002, 2005)
湿地 Wetland	外来植物入侵 Invasive plant	23-27	0.01-2.00	-	-	Chen et al (2007)
沙地 Sandland	流动沙丘 Active sand dune	3-26	0.14-2.15	0.48-3.03	0.91-3.21	Chen et al (2007)	Zhang et al (2010)
沙地 Sandland	固定沙丘 Stable sand dune	12-46	1.18-2.53	1.55-3.41	1.12-4.23	Guan et al (2015); Zhang et al (2010)
	人工林效应 Artificial plantation	10-16	-	-	1.25-2.86	Su et al (2012)
	生物土壤结皮 Biological soil crust	20-28	0.80-1.80	-	-	Liu et al (2011)

生态系统 Ecosystems	处理 Treatments	属的数量 Genus number	多样性 Diversity (H°)	丰富度 Richness	营养类群多样性 Trophic diversity	参考文献 References
农田 Agricultural field	施肥 Fertilization	23-48	1.86-3.07	2.67-4.17	2.10-3.80	Hu & Cao (2008); Liang et al (2005, 2009); Jiang et al (2013)
	耕作 Tillage	19-29	1.84-2.23	2.57-3.74	0.60-3.44	Hou et al (2010); Zhang XK et al (2012)
	生物炭 Biochar	23-36	2.20-2.52	3.21-3.95	1.86-3.79	Zhang XK et al (2013)
森林 Forest	林型 Forest type	29-62	2.02-2.63	2.26-3.12	1.77-3.46	Zhang M et al (2012)
森林 Forest	林龄 Forest age	16-60	0.74-2.29	0.91-6.02	1.60-3.96	Zhang XK et al (2015)
	植被类型 Vegetation type	28-42	2.50-3.30	2.00-16.00	-	Xiao et al (2014); Shao et al (2016)
草地 Grassland	恢复措施 Restoration practices	30-40	0.70-1.03	-	5.45-7.47	Wu DH et al (2008)
草地 Grassland	退化和放牧 Degradation and grazing	20-45	2.20-2.72	4.00-4.50	2.80-3.30	Liang et al (2007); Li et al (2013)
湿地 Wetland	开垦改良 Reclamation	11-47	0.18-2.46	4-15	1.10-4.86	Wu et al (2002, 2005)
湿地 Wetland	外来植物入侵 Invasive plant	23-27	0.01-2.00	-	-	Chen et al (2007)
沙地 Sandland	流动沙丘 Active sand dune	3-26	0.14-2.15	0.48-3.03	0.91-3.21	Chen et al (2007)	Zhang et al (2010)
沙地 Sandland	固定沙丘 Stable sand dune	12-46	1.18-2.53	1.55-3.41	1.12-4.23	Guan et al (2015); Zhang et al (2010)
	人工林效应 Artificial plantation	10-16	-	-	1.25-2.86	Su et al (2012)
	生物土壤结皮 Biological soil crust	20-28	0.80-1.80	-	-	Liu et al (2011)

生态系统 Ecosystems	处理 Treatments	属的数量 Genus number	多样性 Diversity (H°)	丰富度 Richness	营养类群多样性 Trophic diversity	参考文献 References
农田 Agricultural field	CO₂浓度升高 Elevated CO₂	27-44	1.54-2.35	-	-	Li et al (2005, 2007)
农田 Agricultural field	增温 Elevated temperature	29-36	-	-	-	Dong et al (2013)
森林 Forest	氮磷添加 N and P addition	78	1.97-2.59	2.81-3.98	-	Zhao et al (2014)
森林 Forest	氮添加 N addition	27-43	1.65-2.84	-	1.91-3.60	Sun et al (2013)
草地 Grassland	氮富集 N enrichment	-	-	13.00-19.00	-	Chen et al (2013, 2015)
草地 Grassland	氮添加和增温 N addition and elevated temperature	-	-	3.80-4.50	2.70-3.20	Li et al (2013)
	氮和水添加 N and water addition	18	2.41-2.62	-	-	Ruan et al (2012)

生态系统 Ecosystems	处理 Treatments	属的数量 Genus number	多样性 Diversity (H°)	丰富度 Richness	营养类群多样性 Trophic diversity	参考文献 References
农田 Agricultural field	CO₂浓度升高 Elevated CO₂	27-44	1.54-2.35	-	-	Li et al (2005, 2007)
农田 Agricultural field	增温 Elevated temperature	29-36	-	-	-	Dong et al (2013)
森林 Forest	氮磷添加 N and P addition	78	1.97-2.59	2.81-3.98	-	Zhao et al (2014)
森林 Forest	氮添加 N addition	27-43	1.65-2.84	-	1.91-3.60	Sun et al (2013)
草地 Grassland	氮富集 N enrichment	-	-	13.00-19.00	-	Chen et al (2013, 2015)
草地 Grassland	氮添加和增温 N addition and elevated temperature	-	-	3.80-4.50	2.70-3.20	Li et al (2013)
	氮和水添加 N and water addition	18	2.41-2.62	-	-	Ruan et al (2012)