其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)研究进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2024525

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24525. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024525 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024525

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇下一篇

其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)研究进展与展望

赵维洋¹^,²(), 王伟¹^,²^,^*()(), 马冰然¹^,²()

1.生态环境部区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
2.中国环境科学研究院生态研究所, 北京 100012

收稿日期:2024-12-01 接受日期:2025-03-04 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-04
通讯作者: *E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32171664)

Advances and prospects in research on other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs)

Zhao Weiyang¹^,²(), Wang Wei¹^,²^,^*()(), Ma Bingran¹^,²()

1 Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2 Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2024-12-01 Accepted:2025-03-04 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-04
Contact: *E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171664)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

其他有效的区域保护措施(other effective area-based conservation measures, OECMs)作为传统自然保护地体系的重要补充, 在全球生物多样性保护中扮演着越来越关键的角色。本研究通过深入剖析OECMs的发展历程及当前研究进展, 结合中国OECMs的相关进展与特点, 进一步探讨了中国OECMs在《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)下的未来发展前景。近年来, 世界各国围绕OECMs的持续政策推进, 充分体现了国际社会对这一工具在全球生物多样性保护战略中重要补充作用的高度重视。从概念提出到实践推广, OECMs的国际认可过程经历了不断深化和完善, 成为全球应对生物多样性丧失与生态系统退化的重要手段。总体来看, 世界各国和有关组织围绕OECMs的认定标准、认定流程和识别方法, 以及OECMs的治理及其是否长期有效开展了较为系统的研究。尽管OECMs已在国际层面赢得了广泛认同, 但其具体执行与监测环节依旧面临着诸多亟待解决的问题与挑战。为此, 本研究进一步提出OECMs在《昆蒙框架》下的未来发展前景, 包括加快OECMs的主流化进程、强化生物多样性保护成效的监测与评估、探索OECMs退出机制、建立跨领域协同与多方利益协调机制、加强海域OECMs的研究与认定等方面, 以期为我国以及世界各国生物多样性保护体系的构建与完善提供参考依据。

关键词: 其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs), 生物多样性保护, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 多元治理, 主流化

Abstract

Aims: Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are becoming an essential complement to the traditional system of protected areas, playing a critical role in global biodiversity conservation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development trajectory and current research on OECMs, focusing particularly on their advancements and unique characteristics in China. It further explores the future prospects of OECMs in China under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Progress: In recent years, the continuous policy advancements regarding OECMs worldwide underscore the international community’s recognition of their significant role as a supplementary tool in global biodiversity conservation strategies. From conceptualization to practical implementation, OECMs have undergone a process of deepening and refinement, emerging as a key mechanism for addressing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. Globally, systematic studies have been conducted on the criteria, procedures, and methodologies for identifying OECMs, as well as on their governance and long-term effectiveness.
Perspectives: Despite the growing international recognition of OECMs, their effective implementation and monitoring continue to face significant challenges that require urgent attention. This study explores future development pathways for OECMs within the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with a particular focus on accelerating their mainstreaming, enhancing biodiversity conservation effectiveness through robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, establishing clear de-designation procedures, fostering cross-sectoral collaboration and multi-stakeholder governance, and advancing research and formal recognition of marine OECMs. These efforts aim to contribute to the refinement of biodiversity conservation strategies in China and globally, providing a scientific basis for the effective integration of OECMs into broader conservation frameworks.

Key words: other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), biodiversity conservation, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, pluralistic governance, mainstreaming

赵维洋, 王伟, 马冰然 (2025) 其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)研究进展与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 24525. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024525.

Zhao Weiyang, Wang Wei, Ma Bingran (2025) Advances and prospects in research on other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). Biodiversity Science, 33, 24525. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024525.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024525

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I3/24525

图/表 1

图1 其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)认定流程。Y代表评估结果为“是”; N代表评估结果为“否”; 对每项标准的答复均为“Y”的场地即为经确认的OECMs, 利益相关方同意和治理机构批准。有“Y”和“不确定或部分是”两种答复的场地, 或全部为“不确定或部分是”答复的场地, 获取进一步的信息或产生其他变化使其确认为OECMs之前, 仍然是候选OECMs。有一个或多个“N”答复的场地目前不能成为OECMs, 但如果该场地发生变化以期符合所有标准, 则将来可能会重新进行评估(改编自IUCN, 2023a)。

Fig. 1 The process for recognizing other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). “Y” indicates a positive evaluation result, while “N” indicates a negative evaluation result. Sites for which all criteria receive a “Y” response are confirmed as OECMs, subject to stakeholder consent and approval by the governing body. Sites with a combination of “Y” and “uncertain or partially yes” responses, or those with entirely “uncertain or partially yes” responses, remain candidate OECMs until further information or changes confirm their recognition as OECMs. Sites with one or more “N” responses cannot currently be considered OECMs, but may be re-evaluated in the future if changes occur that enable them to meet all criteria (adapted from IUCN, 2023a).

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