我国能源企业生物多样性保护主流化管理路径

doi:10.17520/biods.2024345

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 24345. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024345 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024345

我国能源企业生物多样性保护主流化管理路径

宋阳¹^,⁴, 柳军², 何少林¹^,⁴^,^*(), 徐薇¹^,⁴, 程琛³, 刘博¹^,⁴, 余绩庆¹

1.中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院, 北京 100083
2.中国石油天然气集团有限公司, 北京 100007
3.山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
4.中国石油环境工程评估中心, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-07-30 接受日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-04
通讯作者: * E-mail: heshaolin0@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气集团有限公司软科学研究项目(中油研20230102-6)

Mainstreaming path of biodiversity conservation for Chinese energy enterprises

Yang Song¹^,⁴, Jun Liu², Shaolin He¹^,⁴^,^*(), Wei Xu¹^,⁴, Chen Cheng³, Bo Liu¹^,⁴, Jiqing Yu¹

1 PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute, Beijing 100083, China
2 China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100007, China
3 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China
4 CNPC Environmental Engineering Assessment Center, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-07-30 Accepted:2024-10-10 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-04
Contact: * E-mail: heshaolin0@petrochina.com.cn
Supported by:
Soft Science Research Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(20230102-6)

1. 附录.pdf(323KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性是人类赖以生存和社会经济可持续发展的重要基础, 多数能源开发空间与生态空间重叠, 能源开发利用对生物多样性的影响一直备受关注, 特别是可再生能源建设和运营过程兼顾生物多样性保护已经成为能源行业绿色转型的必然要求。对我国能源企业而言, 参与生物多样性保护既是在应对挑战, 也是在寻求机遇, 作为生态文明建设的主角之一, 能源企业需要探索和落实生物多样性保护主流化的各项举措。本文介绍了能源企业应遵循的国际和国内生物多样性保护政策及监管要求, 总结了国内外典型能源企业参与生物多样性保护工作的经验和做法, 分析了当前我国能源企业在生物多样性保护方面面临的挑战与不足, 提出了我国能源企业实施生物多样性保护的原则和路径。我国现已初步建立了一套由法律法规、综合性政策和专项制度构成的具有中国特色的生物多样性保护管理体系, 能源企业主要通过环境影响评价、矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦、水土保持、水资源论证和绿色矿山建设评选等途径, 落实生物多样性保护。但是目前我国能源企业仍然存在生物多样性保护理念、资金和人员的三项挑战, 生物多样性保护能力和披露水平有待提高。我国能源企业应将生物多样性保护融入企业管理和项目开发运营的各个环节, 持续加强生物多样性保护主流化工作; 构建生物多样性价值核算与实现体系, 将生物多样性价值纳入企业决策; 因地制宜落实多层次的保护途径, 开展生物多样性监测与成效评估; 充分利用国际高层次平台扩大影响力, 完善生物多样性披露信息及科学性。通过以上路径积极参与全球生物多样性治理, 全面提升生物多样性保护水平, 有效应对我国生物多样性保护面临的挑战, 促进能源开发与自然生态的和谐共生。

关键词: 能源行业, 生物多样性保护, 中国企业, 策略

Abstract

Background & Aims: Biodiversity serves as a crucial foundation for human survival and the sustainable development of economic and social systems. Since energy development is often intertwined with ecological spaces, the impact of energy exploitation on biodiversity has been a significant concern. Particularly, the construction and operation of renewable energy projects must integrate biodiversity protection, an essential requirement for the green transformation of the energy sector. For Chinese energy enterprises, biodiversity conservation represents both a challenge and an opportunity. As key players in ecological civilization construction of China, these enterprises must explore and implement strategies to mainstream biodiversity protection. This paper outlines the international and domestic policies and regulations governing biodiversity conservation for energy companies, reviews experiences and practices from both domestic and international energy enterprises, analyzes current challenges and deficiencies facing Chinese energy enterprises, and proposes principles and pathways for effective implementation of biodiversity protection.

Results: China has established a distinctive system for biodiversity protection, consisting of laws, comprehensive policies, and specialized regulations. Energy companies implement biodiversity protection through several mechanisms, including environmental impact assessments, geological environmental safeguards at mining sites, land reclamation efforts, soil and water conservation, water resource evaluations, as well as recognition programs for green mining practices. Nevertheless, three main challenges persist for Chinese energy enterprises: a lack of awareness of biodiversity conservation principle, insufficient funding, and a shortage of qualified personnel. There is a pressing need to enhance capabilities related to biodiversity preservation along with improving transparency levels in reporting such efforts.

Suggestions & Perspectives: Energy enterprises should integrate considerations of biodiversity into their corporate governance and project development processes. A systematic approach towards valuing biodiversity should be established, ensuring that biodiversity is included in strategic decision-making processes. Tailored, multi-tiered conservation strategies must be implemented based on local conditions, and ongoing biodiversity monitoring and effectiveness evaluations should be conducted. Energy enterprises should also leverage high-level international platforms to amplify their global influence and refine biodiversity reporting practices. By adopting these pathways, Chinese energy companies can significantly elevate their contributions to global biodiversity governance, striving for harmonious coexistence between natural ecosystems and industrial activities.

Key words: energy industry, biodiversity conservation, Chinese enterprises, strategy

中图分类号:

宋阳, 柳军, 何少林, 徐薇, 程琛, 刘博, 余绩庆 (2025) 我国能源企业生物多样性保护主流化管理路径. 生物多样性, 33, 24345. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024345.

Yang Song, Jun Liu, Shaolin He, Wei Xu, Chen Cheng, Bo Liu, Jiqing Yu (2025) Mainstreaming path of biodiversity conservation for Chinese energy enterprises. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24345. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024345.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024345

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I1/24345

图/表 8

参考文献 28

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企业名称 Company name	壳牌 Shell	沙特阿美 Saudi Aramco	BP
顶层设计 Top-level design		制定生物多样性保护政策 Establish policies for biodiversity conservation	(1)确立完备的生物多样性保护战略规划; (2)制定净积极影响计划; (3)制定生物多样性保护初步行动计划 (1) Establish a comprehensive strategic plan for biodiversity conservation; (2) Develop a net positive impact plan; (3) Establish a preliminary action plan for biodiversity conservation
开发选址 Development site selection	(1)承诺不在自然遗产地勘探或开发石油和天然气资源; (2)严格筛选潜在的新项目 (1) Undertake not to explore or develop oil & gas resources in natural heritage sites; (2) Strict screening of potential new projects	调查和监测生物多样性(利用地理信息系统对沙特阿拉伯境内每种鸟类进行了调查和登记) Biodiversity survey and monitoring (Geographic information systems were used to survey and register each bird species in Saudi Arabia)	(1)不在世界遗产地边界内进行任何新的石油和天然气勘探或生产活动; (2)不在严格自然保护区边界内进行任何新的油气勘探或生产活动 (1) Not carry out any new oil and gas exploration or production activities within the boundaries of the World Heritage Site; (2) Not carry out any new oil and gas exploration or production activities within the boundaries of strict nature reserves
过程管控 Process control	在调查中使用环境DNA等现代技术 Modern techniques such as environmental DNA are used in the investigation		确保所有的大型作业现场自2022年起都能配套契合当地情况的生物多样性计划, 实现净积极(NPI)影响 All ‎new BP projects in scope will have plans in place aiming to achieve net positive impact from 2022
修复补偿 Restoration and compensation	开展布劳斯岛生物多样性恢复 Restoration biodiversity programme for Browse Island		(1)重新打造红树林植被, 用于保护海岸线; (2)开展恢复项目, 补偿因扩建而被砍伐的森林 (1) Mangrove was recreated to protect the coastline; (2) Compensate forests cut down for project expansion
新能源拓展规避 Avoidance of new energy development	制定减轻太阳能和风能项目对生物多样性影响的准则 Develop guidelines for mitigating the impact of solar and wind projects on biodiversity
保护区建设维护 Construction and maintenance of protected areas		(1)承担10个企业生物多样化保护区的维护工作; (2)投资一系列保护陆地、海洋和海岸线生物多样性的项目 (1) Responsible for the maintenance of 10 biodiversity reserves; (2) Invest in a range of projects to protect biodiversity
宣传与合作 Publicity and cooperation	(1)莫纳什大学; (2)世界自然保护联盟 (1) Monash University; (2) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)	促使员工和社区参与生物多样性保护 Engage employees and communities in biodiversity conservation	(1)开展广泛的国际合作; (2)参与联合国《生物多样性公约》商业和生物多样性论坛; (3)发起动植物保护先锋项目 (1) Establish partnerships with global conservation organizations; (2) Participating in the Business and Biodiversity Forum of Convention on Biological Diversity; (3) Initiate Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP)
定量方法 Quantitative method			核算自然资本 Accounting for natural capital

企业名称 Company name	壳牌 Shell	沙特阿美 Saudi Aramco	BP
顶层设计 Top-level design		制定生物多样性保护政策 Establish policies for biodiversity conservation	(1)确立完备的生物多样性保护战略规划; (2)制定净积极影响计划; (3)制定生物多样性保护初步行动计划 (1) Establish a comprehensive strategic plan for biodiversity conservation; (2) Develop a net positive impact plan; (3) Establish a preliminary action plan for biodiversity conservation
开发选址 Development site selection	(1)承诺不在自然遗产地勘探或开发石油和天然气资源; (2)严格筛选潜在的新项目 (1) Undertake not to explore or develop oil & gas resources in natural heritage sites; (2) Strict screening of potential new projects	调查和监测生物多样性(利用地理信息系统对沙特阿拉伯境内每种鸟类进行了调查和登记) Biodiversity survey and monitoring (Geographic information systems were used to survey and register each bird species in Saudi Arabia)	(1)不在世界遗产地边界内进行任何新的石油和天然气勘探或生产活动; (2)不在严格自然保护区边界内进行任何新的油气勘探或生产活动 (1) Not carry out any new oil and gas exploration or production activities within the boundaries of the World Heritage Site; (2) Not carry out any new oil and gas exploration or production activities within the boundaries of strict nature reserves
过程管控 Process control	在调查中使用环境DNA等现代技术 Modern techniques such as environmental DNA are used in the investigation		确保所有的大型作业现场自2022年起都能配套契合当地情况的生物多样性计划, 实现净积极(NPI)影响 All ‎new BP projects in scope will have plans in place aiming to achieve net positive impact from 2022
修复补偿 Restoration and compensation	开展布劳斯岛生物多样性恢复 Restoration biodiversity programme for Browse Island		(1)重新打造红树林植被, 用于保护海岸线; (2)开展恢复项目, 补偿因扩建而被砍伐的森林 (1) Mangrove was recreated to protect the coastline; (2) Compensate forests cut down for project expansion
新能源拓展规避 Avoidance of new energy development	制定减轻太阳能和风能项目对生物多样性影响的准则 Develop guidelines for mitigating the impact of solar and wind projects on biodiversity
保护区建设维护 Construction and maintenance of protected areas		(1)承担10个企业生物多样化保护区的维护工作; (2)投资一系列保护陆地、海洋和海岸线生物多样性的项目 (1) Responsible for the maintenance of 10 biodiversity reserves; (2) Invest in a range of projects to protect biodiversity
宣传与合作 Publicity and cooperation	(1)莫纳什大学; (2)世界自然保护联盟 (1) Monash University; (2) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)	促使员工和社区参与生物多样性保护 Engage employees and communities in biodiversity conservation	(1)开展广泛的国际合作; (2)参与联合国《生物多样性公约》商业和生物多样性论坛; (3)发起动植物保护先锋项目 (1) Establish partnerships with global conservation organizations; (2) Participating in the Business and Biodiversity Forum of Convention on Biological Diversity; (3) Initiate Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP)
定量方法 Quantitative method			核算自然资本 Accounting for natural capital

关注点 Focus	可选常用指标 Common indicators to use	收集数据 Data collected	数据收集方法 Data collected methods
生物多样性保护区域 Biodiversity protected areas	保护面积 Coverage of protected areas	保护地面积变化趋势 Trends in protected area coverage	遥感卫星探测; 官方文件; 地图Satellite-based remote sensing; official documents; maps
生物多样性保护区域管理 Management of biodiversity protected areas	管理成效 Management effectiveness	管理成效趋势 Trends in management effectiveness	管理成效跟踪工具 Management effectiveness tracking tool
避开生物多样性重点地区 Avoid operating in areas important for biodiversity	企业经营所在的保护地、生态敏感区和生物多样性关键地区的数量Number of protected areas, ecologically sensitive areas and key biodiversity areas the company operates in	敏感地区被侵占趋势 Trends in incursions into sensitive areas	遥感卫星探测; 项目计划; 员工观测和报告 Satellite-based remote sensing; project plans; staff observations and reports
种植濒危树种, 恢复森林 Plant threatened trees to restore forests	植株数量; 存活量; 种植面积Number of trees planted; number of surviving; area planted	树木种植与存活趋势 Trends in tree planting and survival	直接计数 Direct counts
清除外来入侵物种 Remove alien invasive species	外来入侵物种清除数量 Number of alien species eradicated	清除趋势 Trends in eradication	员工或合作伙伴报告 Reports from staff or implementing partners
保护基金项目 Fund conservation projects	生物多样性保护投资水平 Level of investment in biodiversity	保护和恢复资金投入趋势 Trends in funding for conservation and restoration	企业审计; 财务报告 Company accounting; partners’ financial reporting

关注点 Focus	可选常用指标 Common indicators to use	收集数据 Data collected	数据收集方法 Data collected methods
生物多样性保护区域 Biodiversity protected areas	保护面积 Coverage of protected areas	保护地面积变化趋势 Trends in protected area coverage	遥感卫星探测; 官方文件; 地图Satellite-based remote sensing; official documents; maps
生物多样性保护区域管理 Management of biodiversity protected areas	管理成效 Management effectiveness	管理成效趋势 Trends in management effectiveness	管理成效跟踪工具 Management effectiveness tracking tool
避开生物多样性重点地区 Avoid operating in areas important for biodiversity	企业经营所在的保护地、生态敏感区和生物多样性关键地区的数量Number of protected areas, ecologically sensitive areas and key biodiversity areas the company operates in	敏感地区被侵占趋势 Trends in incursions into sensitive areas	遥感卫星探测; 项目计划; 员工观测和报告 Satellite-based remote sensing; project plans; staff observations and reports
种植濒危树种, 恢复森林 Plant threatened trees to restore forests	植株数量; 存活量; 种植面积Number of trees planted; number of surviving; area planted	树木种植与存活趋势 Trends in tree planting and survival	直接计数 Direct counts
清除外来入侵物种 Remove alien invasive species	外来入侵物种清除数量 Number of alien species eradicated	清除趋势 Trends in eradication	员工或合作伙伴报告 Reports from staff or implementing partners
保护基金项目 Fund conservation projects	生物多样性保护投资水平 Level of investment in biodiversity	保护和恢复资金投入趋势 Trends in funding for conservation and restoration	企业审计; 财务报告 Company accounting; partners’ financial reporting

关注点 Focus	可选常用指标 Common indicators to use	收集数据 Data collected	数据收集方法 Data collected methods
企业开发运营区域或生物多样性保护区域Enterprise operation area or biodiversity conservation area	栖息地覆盖率变化 Habitat cover change	植被损失与恢复变化趋势 Trends in forest loss or restoration	遥感卫星探测 Satellite-based remote sensing
	物种丰富度和多样性 Species richness and diversity	不同物种数量变化趋势 Trends in numbers of different species	样线法; 声音记录设备 Transect counts; Acoustic recording devices
	关键物种种群趋势(丰度) Population trends (abundance) of key species	物种数量变化趋势 Trends in species numbers	样线法; 声音记录设备 Transect counts; Acoustic recording devices
	森林面积占比 Forest area as a proportion of land area	森林覆盖相对比例变化趋势 Trends in relative proportion of the area covered by forest	遥感卫星探测; 政府数据库Satellite-based remote sensing; Official database
	水质 Water quality	水质变化趋势(污染物含量、含氧量等) Trends in water quality (levels of pollutants, oxygen, etc.)	溪流可视化评估标准; 化学分析Stream visual assessment protocol; Chemical analyses
	栖息地健康 Habitat health	栖息地健康指示物种的多样性和丰度变化趋势(如不耐污染的水栖生物、林栖鸟类) Trends in diversity and abundance of indicator species of habitat health (e.g., pollution-intolerant aquatic species, forest-dependent bird species)	样线法; 蜻蜓生物指数; 森林鸟类指数 Transect counts; Dragonfly biotic index; Forest bird index
	人类福祉指数 Index of human wellbeing measures	源于生态系统服务的人类福祉变化趋势 Trends in human wellbeing derived from ecosystem services	社会经济调查 Socio-economic surveys
濒危物种 Threatened species	关键物种种群变化趋势(丰度) (包括植物和动物) Population trends (abundance) of key species	物种数量变化趋势 Trends in species numbers	样线法(个体或追踪计数); 声音记录设备 Transect counts (individuals or signs); acoustic recording devices
	野生鸟类指数 Wild bird index	鸟类相对丰度变化趋势 Trends in relative abundance of birds	样线法(个体或追踪计数); 声音记录设备 Transect counts (individuals or signs); Acoustic recording devices
	野生动物影像指数 Wildlife picture index	通过红外相机捕捉识别的物种丰度和多样性变化趋势 Trends in abundance and diversity of species identified in camera traps	红外相机探测 Camera traps
	红色名录指数 Red list index	关键物种状况变化趋势 Trends in status of key species	IUCN红色名录(国内) IUCN Red List (national)
	绿色状况指数 Green status index	绿色状况变化趋势 Trends in Green Status	IUCN物种绿色状况 IUCN green status of species
	物种威胁缓解与恢复指数(包括植物和动物) Species threat abatement and restoration metric	保护措施对灭绝风险的影响趋势Trends in the achieved impact of conservation interventions on extinction risk over time	《红色名录》数据野外调查 Red List data field surveys

我国能源企业生物多样性保护主流化管理路径

Mainstreaming path of biodiversity conservation for Chinese energy enterprises

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治理结构与政策 Governance structure and policy	战略与目标 Strategy and objectives	生态系统与生物多样性分析 Ecosystem and biodiversity analysis	风险与机遇 Risk and opportunity	绩效追踪与评估 Performance tracking and evaluation	未来展望 Future expectations
决策监督 Decision supervision	战略愿景 Strategic vision	依赖度评估 Dependency evaluation	识别与定性分析 Identification and qualitative analysis	执行情况 Executive condition	监管与市场响应Regulation and market response
执行职能 Executive function	关键绩效指标 Key performance indicators	运营地点评估 Site evaluation	定量分析 Quantitative analysis	评估步骤和方法Evaluation procedures and methods	风险与机遇管理 Risk and opportunity management
外部政策 External policy	基于循环经济与自然友好商业模式转变 Model transformation based on circular economy and nature-friendly business	生物物种情况 Species situation	短中长期影响分析Short-, medium- and long-term impact analysis	披露形式 Disclosure form	绩效影响预期Performance impact expectation
内部政策 Internal policy		生态系统情况 Ecosystem condition	应对措施与保护行动 Response and protection actions	第三方核验或鉴证Third party verification or authentication	能力提升 Ability enhancement
利益相关方Interested party		直接生物资源耗用情况 Direct biological resource consumption
		生态争议事件 Ecological controversy event
		生物多样性保护与恢复 Biodiversity conservation and restoration

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