附生维管植物多样性及其与宿主特征的相关性: 以哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024072

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 24072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024072 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024072

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇

附生维管植物多样性及其与宿主特征的相关性: 以哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林为例

艾妍雨¹^,²(), 胡海霞¹^,²(), 沈婷³^,⁴(), 莫雨轩¹(), 杞金华⁵(), 宋亮¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.中国科学院昆明植物研究所山地未来研究中心, 昆明 650201
4.中国科学院昆明植物研究所红河山地未来研究中心, 云南红河 654400
5.云南哀牢山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南景东 676200

收稿日期:2024-03-01 接受日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者: *E-mail: songliang@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32171529);云南省基础研究专项(202101AT070059);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-066);中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园“十四五”科技创新规划(E3ZKFF2B01);中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园“十四五”科技创新规划(E3ZKFF7B01)

Vascular epiphyte diversity and the correlation analysis with host tree characteristics: A case in a mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Ailao Mountains

Yanyu Ai¹^,²(), Haixia Hu¹^,²(), Ting Shen³^,⁴(), Yuxuan Mo¹(), Jinhua Qi⁵(), Liang Song¹^,^*()()

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201
4 Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe, Yunnan 654400
5 Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan 676200

Received:2024-03-01 Accepted:2024-04-26 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-04-28
Contact: *E-mail: songliang@xtbg.ac.cn

1. 附录.pdf(909KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

附生维管植物对维持森林生态系统的生物多样性、碳储量、生态水文和养分通量有重要贡献。评估附生植物的多样性格局可以为其群落构建机制以及全球变化背景下附生植物的保护和资源利用提供依据。本文以哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林1.44 ha塔吊样地中的附生维管植物为研究对象, 综合分析了6种优势乔木宿主植株上附生维管植物的物种丰富度(S)、系统发育多样性(PD)、系统发育结构及其与宿主胸径、树高和物种的相关性。结果表明: 哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林311株优势乔木上共调查到26科44属62种附生维管植物。附生植物物种丰富度和系统发育多样性与宿主胸径和树高均呈极显著正相关(P < 0.001)。标准化的系统发育多样性(SES.PD)与附生植物物种丰富度无显著相关关系, 随宿主胸径的增加而显著增加(P < 0.05), 随宿主树高的增加而显著减小(P < 0.05)。折柄茶(Stewartia pteropetiolata)上附生植物的物种丰富度与PD极显著低于其他宿主物种(P < 0.001), 但6种宿主物种上附生植物的SES.PD无显著差异(P > 0.05)。变色锥(Castanopsis wattii)和多花含笑(Michelia floribunda)上的附生植物系统发育结构呈发散状态, 木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)和折柄茶上的附生植物系统发育结构呈聚集状态, 其余宿主上的附生植物系统发育结构不明显。综上所述, 宿主特征包括宿主大小和物种的差异是维持附生维管植物多样性格局的关键, 这一结果可为今后从多维度、多角度解析附生维管植物多样性的格局及其维持机制奠定坚实基础。

关键词: 附生植物, 生物多样性, 系统发育, 宿主大小, 林冠塔吊, 亚热带森林

Abstract

Aims: Vascular epiphytes have a significant contribution to maintaining biodiversity, carbon storage, ecological hydrology and nutrient flux in a forest ecosystem. Assessing the diversity pattern of epiphytes thus can provide a basis for community assembly mechanism, conservation and resource utilization of epiphytes in the context of global change. In this context, we aimed to analyze the species and phylogenetic diversity including the phylogenetic structure of vascular epiphytes, and their correlations with host characteristics in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, Southwest China.

Methods: Using a built-in canopy crane, we observed 311 individuals of dominant host trees in the 1.44 ha permanent plot and recorded the occurrence of vascular epiphytes including host tree identity, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. Afterward, species richness (S), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic structure (net nearest taxa index (NTI) and net relatedness index (NRI)) of vascular epiphytes and their correlation with DBH, height and species of host trees were evaluated.

Results: A total of 62 species of vascular epiphytes belonging to 26 families and 44 genera were found. Remarkably, significant positive correlations were found between the epiphyte species richness and PD with the host DBH and height (P < 0.001). No significant correlations were detected between standard phylogenetic diversity (SES.PD) and species richness. The species richness and PD of epiphytes in Stewartia pteropetiolata were significantly lower than in other host species (P < 0.001). However, SES.PD significantly increased with the increase in host DBH (P < 0.05) and decreased with the increase in host height (P < 0.05). The phylogenetic structures of epiphytes on the Castanopsis wattii and Michelia floribunda were divergent, while epiphytes on the Lithocarpus xylocarpus and Stewartia pteropetiolata were clustered. Epiphytes on the other host trees did not show any phylogenetic structural pattern.

Conclusion: Host tree characteristics, including host size and host species differences, are the key factors that maintain the diversity pattern of vascular epiphytes. These results can provide a solid foundation for future analysis of the pattern and maintenance mechanism of epiphyte diversity from multiple dimensions and perspectives.

Key words: epiphytes, biodiversity, phylogeny, host size, canopy crane, subtropical forest

艾妍雨, 胡海霞, 沈婷, 莫雨轩, 杞金华, 宋亮 (2024) 附生维管植物多样性及其与宿主特征的相关性: 以哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林为例. 生物多样性, 32, 24072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024072.

Yanyu Ai, Haixia Hu, Ting Shen, Yuxuan Mo, Jinhua Qi, Liang Song (2024) Vascular epiphyte diversity and the correlation analysis with host tree characteristics: A case in a mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Ailao Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24072. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024072.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024072

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I5/24072

图/表 6

图1 附生植物物种丰富度与宿主特征之间的相关关系。(a)负二项广义线性模型预测的附生植物物种丰富度与宿主胸径之间的相关关系(阴影部分表示95%置信区间); (b)负二项广义线性模型预测的附生植物物种丰富度与宿主树高之间的相关关系(阴影部分表示95%置信区间); (c) 6种宿主物种上附生植物物种丰富度的差异, 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.001)。

Fig. 1 The correlation between epiphytic species richness and host characteristics. (a) The correlation between epiphytic species richness and DBH of host tree predicted by the negative binomial generalized linear model (shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals for the fitted line); (b) The correlation between epiphytic species richness and height of host tree predicted by the negative binomial generalized linear model (shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals for the fitted line); (c) Multiple comparisons of the epiphyte species richness on six host tree species, different lower-case letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.001). CW, Castanopsis wattii; LH, Lithocarpus hancei; LX, Lithocarpus xylocarpus; MF, Michelia floribunda; SN, Schima noronhae; SP, Stewartia pteropetiolata.

图2 哀牢山林冠吊塔样地附生植物在不同宿主物种上的非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)图

Fig. 2 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of vascular epiphyte communities on host tree species in canopy crane plot of Ailao Mountains. CW, Castanopsis wattii; LH, Lithocarpus hancei; LX, Lithocarpus xylocarpus; MF, Michelia floribunda; SN, Schima noronhae; SP, Stewartia pteropetiolata.

表1 通过置换多元方差分析方法分析宿主胸径、树高以及宿主物种对附生维管植物物种组成的影响

Table 1 Effects of host DBH, height and host tree species on vascular epiphyte species composition with permutational multivariate analysis of variance

宿主特征 Host characteristics	df	总方差 Sum of squares	R²	F	P
胸径 DBH	1	8.088	0.1036	39.681	0.001
树高 Height	1	2.424	0.0311	11.891	0.001
宿主物种 Host tree species	5	5.797	0.0743	5.688	0.001

图3 附生维管植物系统发育多样性与宿主特征之间的相关关系。(a)和(d)分别预测了附生植物系统发育多样性(PD)、标准化的系统发育多样性(SES.PD)与宿主胸径之间的相关关系, 阴影部分表示95%置信区间; (b)和(e)分别预测了附生植物PD、 SES.PD与宿主树高之间的相关关系, 阴影部分表示95%置信区间; (c)和(f)分别指6种宿主上的附生植物PD与SES.PD的多重比较, 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.001)。

Fig. 3 The correlation between epiphytic phylogenetic diversity and host characteristics. (a) and (d) Correlations of epiphytic phylogenetic diversity index (PD) and standard phylogenetic diversity index (SES.PD) with host tree DBH, respectively; (b) and (e) Correlations of epiphytic PD and SES.PD with host tree height; (c) and (f) Comparisons of the epiphyte PD and SES.PD on six host species. The shaded area on (a), (b), (d) and (e) represent 95% confidence intervals for the fitted line as predicted by the linear model; different lower-case letters on (c) and (f) indicate significant difference (P < 0.001). CW, Castanopsis wattii; LH, Lithocarpus hancei; LX, Lithocarpus xylocarpus; MF, Michelia floribunda; SN, Schima noronhae; SP, Stewartia pteropetiolata.

表2 附生维管植物物种多样性指数与系统发育指数之间Spearman相关性分析

Table 2 Spearman correlation analysis between taxonomic and phylogenetic indices of vascular epiphytes

	S	PD	SES.PD	NRI
PD	0.9275^***
SES.PD	-0.0949	0.2640^***
NRI	-0.0543	-0.2791^***	-0.8146^***
NTI	0.0627	-0.1795^**	-0.7620^***	0.3676^***

图4 附生植物系统发育结构与宿主特征之间的Spearman相关性分析。(a)附生植物净亲缘关系指数(NRI)与宿主胸径间的Spearman相关性; (b)附生植物最近亲缘关系指数(NTI)与宿主胸径间的Spearman相关性; (c)附生植物NRI与宿主树高间的Spearman相关性; (d)附生植物NTI与宿主树高间的Spearman相关性; (e) 6种宿主物种上附生植物的系统发育结构。

Fig. 4 Spearman correlation between epiphytic phylogenetic structure and host characteristics. (a) Spearman correlation analysis between net relatedness index (NRI) of epiphyte and DBH of the host tree; (b) Spearman correlation analysis between nearest taxon index (NTI) of epiphyte and DBH of the host tree; (c) Spearman correlation analysis between NRI of epiphyte and height of the host tree; (d) Spearman correlation analysis between NTI of epiphyte and height of the host tree; (e) Phylogenetic structure of epiphytes on six host tree species. CW, Castanopsis wattii; LH, Lithocarpus hancei; LX, Lithocarpus xylocarpus; MF, Michelia floribunda; SN, Schima noronhae; SP, Stewartia pteropetiolata.

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附生维管植物多样性及其与宿主特征的相关性: 以哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林为例

Vascular epiphyte diversity and the correlation analysis with host tree characteristics: A case in a mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Ailao Mountains

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