西双版纳望天树林种子雨9年动态

doi:10.17520/biods.2018101

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 919-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018101

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇

西双版纳望天树林种子雨9年动态

窦丽娜^1,², 张文富¹, 邓晓保¹, 曹敏^1,^*(), 唐勇¹

1 (中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303)
2 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049);

收稿日期:2018-04-04 接受日期:2018-05-15 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 曹敏
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重大科学研究计划(2014CB954100)和中国科学院“一三五”专项(2012XTBG-T01)

Nine-year seed rain dynamics in Parashorea chinensis forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Lina Dou^1,², Wenfu Zhang¹, Xiaobao Deng¹, Min Cao^1,^*(), Yong Tang¹

1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2018-04-04 Accepted:2018-05-15 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Cao Min
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子雨是森林生态系统过程的重要组成部分。虽然国内外已有部分关于种子雨的研究, 但多数集中在温带和亚热带地区, 热带地区种子雨的长期监测研究仍显不足。为全面了解热带森林种子雨输入的数量动态和物种组成的长期规律, 本文对我国西双版纳望天树(Parashorea chinensis)林群落水平上9年(2008年5月至2017年4月)的种子雨输入进行了研究。9年共收集到木本植物的种子226种8,993,224粒, 其中大型种子(I-1型) 77种9,779粒; 中型种子(I-2型) 61种24,237粒; 小型种子(I-3型) 72种83,399粒; 粒状微小种子(II-1型) 13种1,215,235粒; 粒状极小种子(II-2型) 1种7,244,667粒; 细丝状种子(II-3型) 2种415,907粒。种子雨输入量排名前10位的优势种贡献了70%以上的种子数量。各类型种子的种子雨输入量均具有年际波动, 呈“大小年”的交替变化, 间隔期为1-2年, 物种组成也呈现一定的年际差异。持续9年的监测中, 每类型种子至少观察到了1次大年结实事件。

关键词: 热带森林, 种子雨, 物种组成, 年际动态, 大年结实

Abstract

Seed rain patterns are a crucial influence on plant regeneration. Although it is very challenging to understand the dynamics of seed rain, long-term monitoring of seeds can provide useful insights. In this study, we monitored seed rain patterns of forests dominated by Parashorea chinensis in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China for nine years. We recorded 8,993,224 seeds belonging to 226 species, between May 2008 and April 2017. We categorized seeds of 77 species as large, 61 species as medium, 72 species as small, 13 species as tiny, 1 species as infinitesimally grainy seed and 2 species as filamentous. More than 70% of all seeds belong to the top 10 dominant species. Seeds of all types showed pronounced inter-annual variation for both seed number and species number. At least one mast seeding was observed for each of the seed type during nine years.

Key words: tropical forest, seed rain, species composition, inter-annual variation, mast seeding

窦丽娜, 张文富, 邓晓保, 曹敏, 唐勇 (2018) 西双版纳望天树林种子雨9年动态. 生物多样性, 26, 919-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018101.

Lina Dou, Wenfu Zhang, Xiaobao Deng, Min Cao, Yong Tang (2018) Nine-year seed rain dynamics in Parashorea chinensis forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 919-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018101.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018101

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I9/919

图/表 6

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种子类型 Seed type	种子数 No. of seeds	种子密度 Seed density (seeds·m^-2·yr^-1)	物种数 Species	年际变异系数 CV_years
I-1	9,779	14.5	77	0.35
I-2	24,237	35.9	61	0.50
I-3	83,399	123.6	72	0.28
小计 Subtotal	117,415	174.0	210	0.24
II-1	1,215,235	1,800.3	13	0.72
II-2	7,244,667	10,732.8	1	0.81
II-3	415,907	616.2	2	0.73
小计 Subtotal	8,875,809	13,149.3	16	0.69
总计 Total	8,993,224	13,323.3	226	0.68

种子类型 Seed type	种子数 No. of seeds	种子密度 Seed density (seeds·m^-2·yr^-1)	物种数 Species	年际变异系数 CV_years
I-1	9,779	14.5	77	0.35
I-2	24,237	35.9	61	0.50
I-3	83,399	123.6	72	0.28
小计 Subtotal	117,415	174.0	210	0.24
II-1	1,215,235	1,800.3	13	0.72
II-2	7,244,667	10,732.8	1	0.81
II-3	415,907	616.2	2	0.73
小计 Subtotal	8,875,809	13,149.3	16	0.69
总计 Total	8,993,224	13,323.3	226	0.68

种子类型 Seed type	总数量 No. of seeds	密度 Density (seeds·m^-2·yr^-1)	占所有物种种子数量的百分比 % of all species
I-1 大型种子 Large-sized seeds
假海桐 Pittopsoropsis kerrii	1,629	2.4
云树 Garcinia cowa	1,316	1.9
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	951	1.4
贵州香花藤 Aganosma breviloba	616	0.9
望天树 Parashorea chinensis	527	0.8
番龙眼 Pometia pinnata	484	0.7
华马钱 Strychnos cathayensis	413	0.6
蒙自黄檀 Dalbergia henryana	404	0.6
望谟崖摩 Aglaia lawii	325	0.5
微花藤 Iodes cirrhosa	321	0.5
合计 Total	6,986		71.44
I-2 中型种子 Medium-sized seeds
短刺锥 Castanopsis echinocarpa	6,041	8.9
阔叶风车子 Combretum latifolium	2,662	3.9
宽药青藤 Illigera celebica	1,318	2.0
多花瓜馥木 Fissistigma polyanthum	1,779	2.6
毛叶岭南酸枣 Spondiaslakonensis var. hirsuta	1,734	2.6
海南破布叶 Microcos chungii	1,243	1.8
酸苔菜 Ardisia solanacea	1,192	1.8
细毛润楠 Machilus tenuipilis	1,118	1.7
岭南臭椿 Ailanthus triphysa	787	1.2
羽叶金合欢 Acacia pennata	930	1.4
合计 Total	18,804		77.58
I-3 小型种子 Small-sized seeds
小萼菜豆树 Radermachera microcalyx	20,972	31.1
狭叶一担柴 Colona thorelii	13,803	20.4
千果榄仁 Terminalia myriocarpa	6,903	10.2
云南黄杞 Engelhardtia spicata	6,213	9.2
浆果乌桕 Balakata baccata	5,460	8.1
滇缅斑鸠菊 Vernonia parishii	5,436	8.1
翅果麻 Kydia calycina	4,581	6.8
西桦 Betula alnoides	3,381	5.0
羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	1,891	2.8
大果褐叶榕 Ficus pubigera var. maliformis	1,594	2.4
合计 Total	70,234		84.21
II-1 粒状微小种子 Tiny grainy seeds
假斜叶榕 Ficus subulata	495,753	734.4
青藤公 Ficus langkokensis	392,351	581.3
劲直榕 Ficus stricta	119,718	177.4
羊乳榕 Ficus sagittata	112,407	166.5
水同木 Ficus fistulosa	73,401	108.7
滇南新乌檀 Neonauclea tsaiana	9,857	14.6
海桐叶柃 Eurya pittosporifolia	5,816	8.6
垂叶榕 Ficus benjamina var. benjamina	2,657	3.9
棒果榕 Ficus subincisa	2,020	3.0
大果榕 Ficus auriculata	770	1.1
合计 Total	1,214,750		99.96
II-2 粒状极小种子 Infinitesimally grainy seed
团花 Neolamarckia cadamba	7,244,667	10,732.8
合计 Total	7,244,667		100.00
II-3 细丝状种子 Filamentous seeds
八宝树 Duabanga grandiflora	194,928	288.8
大叶钩藤 Uncaria macrophylla	220,979	327.4
合计 Total	415,907		100.00

种子类型 Seed type	总数量 No. of seeds	密度 Density (seeds·m^-2·yr^-1)	占所有物种种子数量的百分比 % of all species
I-1 大型种子 Large-sized seeds
假海桐 Pittopsoropsis kerrii	1,629	2.4
云树 Garcinia cowa	1,316	1.9
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	951	1.4
贵州香花藤 Aganosma breviloba	616	0.9
望天树 Parashorea chinensis	527	0.8
番龙眼 Pometia pinnata	484	0.7
华马钱 Strychnos cathayensis	413	0.6
蒙自黄檀 Dalbergia henryana	404	0.6
望谟崖摩 Aglaia lawii	325	0.5
微花藤 Iodes cirrhosa	321	0.5
合计 Total	6,986		71.44
I-2 中型种子 Medium-sized seeds
短刺锥 Castanopsis echinocarpa	6,041	8.9
阔叶风车子 Combretum latifolium	2,662	3.9
宽药青藤 Illigera celebica	1,318	2.0
多花瓜馥木 Fissistigma polyanthum	1,779	2.6
毛叶岭南酸枣 Spondiaslakonensis var. hirsuta	1,734	2.6
海南破布叶 Microcos chungii	1,243	1.8
酸苔菜 Ardisia solanacea	1,192	1.8
细毛润楠 Machilus tenuipilis	1,118	1.7
岭南臭椿 Ailanthus triphysa	787	1.2
羽叶金合欢 Acacia pennata	930	1.4
合计 Total	18,804		77.58
I-3 小型种子 Small-sized seeds
小萼菜豆树 Radermachera microcalyx	20,972	31.1
狭叶一担柴 Colona thorelii	13,803	20.4
千果榄仁 Terminalia myriocarpa	6,903	10.2
云南黄杞 Engelhardtia spicata	6,213	9.2
浆果乌桕 Balakata baccata	5,460	8.1
滇缅斑鸠菊 Vernonia parishii	5,436	8.1
翅果麻 Kydia calycina	4,581	6.8
西桦 Betula alnoides	3,381	5.0
羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	1,891	2.8
大果褐叶榕 Ficus pubigera var. maliformis	1,594	2.4
合计 Total	70,234		84.21
II-1 粒状微小种子 Tiny grainy seeds
假斜叶榕 Ficus subulata	495,753	734.4
青藤公 Ficus langkokensis	392,351	581.3
劲直榕 Ficus stricta	119,718	177.4
羊乳榕 Ficus sagittata	112,407	166.5
水同木 Ficus fistulosa	73,401	108.7
滇南新乌檀 Neonauclea tsaiana	9,857	14.6
海桐叶柃 Eurya pittosporifolia	5,816	8.6
垂叶榕 Ficus benjamina var. benjamina	2,657	3.9
棒果榕 Ficus subincisa	2,020	3.0
大果榕 Ficus auriculata	770	1.1
合计 Total	1,214,750		99.96
II-2 粒状极小种子 Infinitesimally grainy seed
团花 Neolamarckia cadamba	7,244,667	10,732.8
合计 Total	7,244,667		100.00
II-3 细丝状种子 Filamentous seeds
八宝树 Duabanga grandiflora	194,928	288.8
大叶钩藤 Uncaria macrophylla	220,979	327.4
合计 Total	415,907		100.00

西双版纳望天树林种子雨9年动态

Nine-year seed rain dynamics in Parashorea chinensis forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

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