生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024254
曲文杰1,2,3, 王磊1,5,*(), 康文岩4, 杨新国1,5,*(
), 屈建军3, 张雪1,5
收稿日期:
2024-06-23
接受日期:
2024-08-22
出版日期:
2025-01-20
发布日期:
2025-02-19
通讯作者:
* E-mail: 基金资助:
Wenjie Qu1,2,3, Lei Wang1,5,*(), Wenyan Kang4, Xinguo Yang1,5,*(
), Jianjun Qu3, Xue Zhang1,5
Received:
2024-06-23
Accepted:
2024-08-22
Online:
2025-01-20
Published:
2025-02-19
Contact:
* E-mail: Supported by:
摘要:
保持固沙植被系统的相对稳定性, 促进其植被的自然更新与演替, 当前已成为腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被可持续管理亟待解决的重要理论与技术问题。本研究以包兰铁路北侧不同年限固沙植被区为研究对象, 对其种子雨、土壤种子库、地上植被的特征, 以及三者之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明: 种子雨的组成以一年生草本为主, 其密度动态受物种扩散物候控制, 普遍呈双峰(峰值分别出现在7月和11月)分布模式, 并以30-40年固沙植被区种子雨密度为最高。土壤种子库植物组成以一年生草本植物为主, 兼具瞬时和持久种子库特征, 并以表层土壤和30-40年固沙植被区土壤种子库密度最高。不同年限固沙植被区普遍呈现出结构相对简单的地上植被组成特征。地上植被与种子雨、土壤种子库的物种相似性分析结果表明, 50-60年固沙植被区相似性显著高于15-20年和30-40年固沙植被区, 土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性高于种子雨与地上植被的相似性。从月度物种构成的相似性来看, 土壤种子库的组内相似性最高, 其次是地上植被。腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被区种子雨发生、土壤种子库组成、地上植被特征具有显著的物种和生境差异性; 随固沙年限的增加, 三者间联系的紧密程度随之提升, 趋于形成本地土壤种子库补充地上植被循环的更新维持机制。
曲文杰, 王磊, 康文岩, 杨新国, 屈建军, 张雪 (2025) 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力. 生物多样性, 33, 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254.
Wenjie Qu, Lei Wang, Wenyan Kang, Xinguo Yang, Jianjun Qu, Xue Zhang (2025) Seed supply and regeneration potential of sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254.
图1 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨密度月度动态(平均值 ± 标准误)。小图为不同年限固沙样地种子雨密度对比。不同字母表示不同生境之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of seed rain density in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). The inset figure shows a comparison of seed rain density in sand-fixing plots with different establishment years. Different letters indicate significant differences among different habitats (P < 0.05).
图2 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区主要物种种子雨密度的月动态
Fig. 2 Monthly dynamics of seed rain density for dominant species in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert
图3 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子密度垂直分布特征(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同土层之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of seed density in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers (P < 0.05).
图4 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区土壤种子库种子密度月度动态(平均值 ± 标准误)。小图为不同年限固沙样地土壤种子库种子密度对比。不同字母表示不同生境之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Monthly dynamics of seed density in soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). The inset figure shows a comparison of soil seed bank density in sand-fixing plots with different establishment years. Different letters indicate significant differences among different habitats (P < 0.05).
图5 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区土壤种子库主要物种种子密度的月动态
Fig. 5 Monthly dynamics of seed density of dominant species in the soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert
属 Genus | 种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 不同年限固沙植被区 Sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
流沙 Mobile dunes | 15-20年 15-20 years | 30-40年 30-40 years | 50-60年 50-60 years | |||
禾本科 Poaceae | ||||||
画眉草属 Eragrostis | 小画眉草 Eragrostis minor | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 20.94 ± 0.05a | 36.44 ± 0.02a | 34.96 ± 0.03a |
狗尾草属 Setaria | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 17.46 ± 0.04ab | 21.59 ± 0.04a | 18.63 ± 0.02b |
虎尾草属 Chloris | 虎尾草 Chloris virgata | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 9.48 ± 0.00b | 15.64 ± 0.02ab | 17.16 ± 0.02bc |
九顶草属 Enneapogon | 九顶草 Enneapogon desvauxii | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | - | - | 5.06 ± 0.00b | 8.58 ± 0.02b |
锋芒草属 Tragus | 锋芒草 Tragus mongolorum | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | - | 4.09 ± 0.01b | 13.3 ± 0.04b |
苋科 Amaranthaceae | ||||||
猪毛菜属 Salsola | 猪毛菜 Salsola collina | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 33.01 ± 0.03a | 18.2 ± 0.02ab | 27.56 ± 0.02c |
虫实属 Corispermum | 蒙古虫实 Corispermum mongolicum | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 9.65 ± 0ab | 28.25 ± 0.02a | 18.88 ± 0.06ab | 9.11 ± 0.03b |
雾冰藜属 Grubovia | 雾冰藜 Grubovia dasyphylla | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 1.96 ± 0b | 15.35 ± 0.03ab | 12.66 ± 0.03ab | 14.23 ± 0.01bc |
沙蓬属 Agriophyllum | 沙蓬 Agriophyllum pungens | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 66.39 ± 0.05a | 16.39 ± 0.05ab | 18.95 ± 0.00ab | - |
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae | ||||||
蒺藜属 Tribulus | 蒺藜 Tribulus terrestris | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | - | 3.42 ± 0.00b | - |
菊科 Asteraceae | ||||||
蒿属 Artemisia | 黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | - | - | - | 6.29 ± 0.08b |
蓝刺头属 Echinops | 砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelinii | 二年生草本 Biennial herb | - | 4.57 ± 0.02b | 29.91 ± 0.04a | 12.57 ± 0.01bc |
表1 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区不同年限固沙植被区草本植被物种组成及重要值
Table 1 Species composition and importance value (IV) of herbaceous vegetation in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert
属 Genus | 种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 不同年限固沙植被区 Sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
流沙 Mobile dunes | 15-20年 15-20 years | 30-40年 30-40 years | 50-60年 50-60 years | |||
禾本科 Poaceae | ||||||
画眉草属 Eragrostis | 小画眉草 Eragrostis minor | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 20.94 ± 0.05a | 36.44 ± 0.02a | 34.96 ± 0.03a |
狗尾草属 Setaria | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 17.46 ± 0.04ab | 21.59 ± 0.04a | 18.63 ± 0.02b |
虎尾草属 Chloris | 虎尾草 Chloris virgata | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 9.48 ± 0.00b | 15.64 ± 0.02ab | 17.16 ± 0.02bc |
九顶草属 Enneapogon | 九顶草 Enneapogon desvauxii | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | - | - | 5.06 ± 0.00b | 8.58 ± 0.02b |
锋芒草属 Tragus | 锋芒草 Tragus mongolorum | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | - | 4.09 ± 0.01b | 13.3 ± 0.04b |
苋科 Amaranthaceae | ||||||
猪毛菜属 Salsola | 猪毛菜 Salsola collina | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | 33.01 ± 0.03a | 18.2 ± 0.02ab | 27.56 ± 0.02c |
虫实属 Corispermum | 蒙古虫实 Corispermum mongolicum | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 9.65 ± 0ab | 28.25 ± 0.02a | 18.88 ± 0.06ab | 9.11 ± 0.03b |
雾冰藜属 Grubovia | 雾冰藜 Grubovia dasyphylla | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 1.96 ± 0b | 15.35 ± 0.03ab | 12.66 ± 0.03ab | 14.23 ± 0.01bc |
沙蓬属 Agriophyllum | 沙蓬 Agriophyllum pungens | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 66.39 ± 0.05a | 16.39 ± 0.05ab | 18.95 ± 0.00ab | - |
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae | ||||||
蒺藜属 Tribulus | 蒺藜 Tribulus terrestris | 一年生草本 Annual herb | - | - | 3.42 ± 0.00b | - |
菊科 Asteraceae | ||||||
蒿属 Artemisia | 黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | - | - | - | 6.29 ± 0.08b |
蓝刺头属 Echinops | 砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelinii | 二年生草本 Biennial herb | - | 4.57 ± 0.02b | 29.91 ± 0.04a | 12.57 ± 0.01bc |
固沙年限 Sand-fixing period | 地上植被物种数 No. of aboveground vegetation species | 种子雨物种数 No. of species seed rain species | 地上植被与种子雨 Aboveground vegetation and seed rain | 土壤种子库物种数 No. of soil seed bank species | 地上植被与土壤种子库 Aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
共有物种数 No. of shared species | Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index | 共有物种数 No. of shared species | Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index | ||||
流沙 Mobile dunes | 3 | 6 | 3 | 0.67 | 3 | 3 | 1.00 |
15-20年 15-20 years | 8 | 17 | 8 | 0.64 | 13 | 8 | 0.76 |
30-40年 30-40 years | 11 | 17 | 8 | 0.57 | 17 | 10 | 0.71 |
50-60年 50-60 years | 10 | 15 | 10 | 0.80 | 15 | 10 | 0.80 |
表2 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区地上植被与种子雨、土壤种子库的物种相似性
Table 2 Species similarity between aboveground vegetation and seed rain, and between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert
固沙年限 Sand-fixing period | 地上植被物种数 No. of aboveground vegetation species | 种子雨物种数 No. of species seed rain species | 地上植被与种子雨 Aboveground vegetation and seed rain | 土壤种子库物种数 No. of soil seed bank species | 地上植被与土壤种子库 Aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
共有物种数 No. of shared species | Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index | 共有物种数 No. of shared species | Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index | ||||
流沙 Mobile dunes | 3 | 6 | 3 | 0.67 | 3 | 3 | 1.00 |
15-20年 15-20 years | 8 | 17 | 8 | 0.64 | 13 | 8 | 0.76 |
30-40年 30-40 years | 11 | 17 | 8 | 0.57 | 17 | 10 | 0.71 |
50-60年 50-60 years | 10 | 15 | 10 | 0.80 | 15 | 10 | 0.80 |
图6 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库物种NMDS排序分析。(a)地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库月度物种构成均值的NMDS排序; (b)地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库及地上植被分别与种子雨、土壤种子库间的距离比较(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同类型之间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 6 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of species in aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank. in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (a), NMDS ordination of monthly mean species composition of aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank; (b), Comparison of similarity within aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank, and between aboveground vegetation and seed rain, and between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different types of vegetation (P < 0.05).
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