普氏原羚分布、种群和保护现状

doi:10.17520/biods.2017152

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 177-184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017152 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2017152

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

普氏原羚分布、种群和保护现状

平晓鸽^1,², 李春旺^1,², 李春林³, 汤宋华^1,², 方红霞¹, 崔绍朋^1,², 陈静¹, 王恩光⁴, 何玉邦⁵, 蔡平⁴, 张毓⁴, 吴永林⁵, 蒋志刚^1,^2,^*()

1 .中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
2 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3 .安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230039
4 .青海省林业厅, 西宁 810001
5 .青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局, 西宁 810008

收稿日期:2017-05-23 接受日期:2017-08-15 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 蒋志刚
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31372175, 31400331)和国家林业局第二次全国陆生野生动物资源调查专项

The distribution, population and conservation status of Przewalski’s gazelle, Procapra przewalskii

Xiaoge Ping^1,², Chunwang Li^1,², Chunlin Li³, Songhua Tang^1,², Hongxia Fang¹, Shaopeng Cui^1,², Jing Chen¹, Enguang Wang⁴, Yubang He⁵, Ping Cai⁴, Yu Zhang⁴, Yonglin Wu⁵, Zhigang Jiang^1,^2,^*()

1 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039
4 Qinghai Forestry Bureau, Xining 810001
5 Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve Bureau, Xining 810008

Received:2017-05-23 Accepted:2017-08-15 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Jiang Zhigang
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)是青藏高原特有物种, 为了掌握该物种的分布和种群状况, 我们于2014-2015年采用全面调查和直接计数的方法, 对普氏原羚的分布、种群和保护现状进行了调查。结果如下: 普氏原羚分布在青海湖周边12个隔离的分布点, 与全国第一次野生动物资源调查的结果相比, 有多个新的分布点被发现, 分布范围和面积扩大; 调查共发现1,238只普氏原羚, 与2010年以后的调查结果相比, 种群数量维持在一个稳定的水平。然而, 仅有4个分布点位于青海湖国家级自然保护区范围内。尽管刚察县成立了青海湖普氏原羚特护区, 天峻县成立了普氏原羚自然保护站, 但现有的管护力度仍然不够, 且缺乏系统的管理规划。我们建议在天峻县布哈河上游的生格-快尔玛地区成立普氏原羚自然保护区; 同时建立适当的生态补偿机制, 协调保护与社区发展的矛盾; 鉴于目前圈养种群发展迅速, 建议在历史分布区选取合适的地点进行人工繁育个体的迁地放归。

关键词: 直接计数, 种群数量, 分布, 保护现状, 保护规划

Abstract

We conducted surveys on the distribution, population, and conservation status of Przewalski’s gazelle, Procapra przewalskii, using the total count method in 2014 and 2015. Przewalski’s gazelle was found in 12 separate locations around Qinghai Lake. Compared with results from the First National Wildlife Survey, several new locations were found, and both the distribution range and area were enlarged. At least 1,238 individuals were found around Qinghai Lake. Compared with survey results collected after 2010, the population size of Przewalski’s gazelle reached a relatively stable level. Although four locations of Przewalski’s gazelle were under the protection of the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve, and special conservation areas and protection stations for the gazelle were also established, overall conservation efforts are still insufficient. A nature reserve that is specifically focused on the conservation of Przewalski’s gazelle should be established in the Upper Buha River of the Shengge-Kuaierma region in Tianjun County. Moreover, proper ecological compensation mechanisms should be developed to resolve the contradiction between conservation and economic development. Considering the fast growth of the captive-bred population, future reintroductions should be conducted in suitable locations within the historical range of this gazelle outside the Qinghai Lake basin.

Key words: total count, population size, distribution, conservation status, conservation planning

平晓鸽, 李春旺, 李春林, 汤宋华, 方红霞, 崔绍朋, 陈静, 王恩光, 何玉邦, 蔡平, 张毓, 吴永林, 蒋志刚 (2018) 普氏原羚分布、种群和保护现状. 生物多样性, 26, 177-184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017152.

Xiaoge Ping, Chunwang Li, Chunlin Li, Songhua Tang, Hongxia Fang, Shaopeng Cui, Jing Chen, Enguang Wang, Yubang He, Ping Cai, Yu Zhang, Yonglin Wu, Zhigang Jiang (2018) The distribution, population and conservation status of Przewalski’s gazelle, Procapra przewalskii. Biodiversity Science, 26, 177-184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017152.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017152

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/177

图/表 2

图1 普氏原羚分布区及拟建保护区的位置。各分布区分别是元者(YZ)、湖东(HD)、克图(KT)、沙岛(SI)、甘子河(GZ)、塔列宣果(TL)、哈尔盖(HG)、鸟岛(BI)、生格(SG)、快尔玛(KM)、哇玉(WY)和然去乎(RQ)。

Fig. 1 Distribution sites and the location of a proposed nature reserve for Przewalski’s gazelle. Distribution sites were Yuanzhe (YZ), Hudong (HD), Ketu (KT), Sand Island (SI), Ganzihe (GZ), Taliexuanguo (TL), Haergai (HG), Bird Island (BI), Shengge (SG), Kuaierma (KM), Wayu (WY) and Ranquhu (RQ).

表1 青海湖周边各普氏原羚分布区的种群数量

Table 1 Population size of Przewalski’s gazelle in each survey site around the Qinghai Lake

调查地点 Survey site	观测到的个体数 No. of individuals
调查地点 Survey site	2014年1月 Jan., 2014	2015年9月 Sept., 2015
元者 Yuanzhe	64	21
湖东 Hudong	32	25
克图 Ketu	13	11
沙岛 Sand Island	11	73
甘子河 Ganzihe	175	59
哈尔盖 Haergai	235	451
生格 Shengge	171	110
快尔玛 Kuaierma	116	68
哇玉 Wayu	191	13
塔列宣果 Taliexuanguo	43	23
鸟岛 Bird Island	56	19
然去乎 Ranquhu	131	0
总计 Total	1,238	873

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普氏原羚分布、种群和保护现状

The distribution, population and conservation status of Przewalski’s gazelle, Procapra przewalskii

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