浙江省主要亚热带森林群落类型物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2016114

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 863-874. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016114

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

浙江省主要亚热带森林群落类型物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性比较

王月霞¹, 金毅¹, 吴初平^1,², 翁东明³, 叶立新⁴, 陈德良⁵, 余建平⁶, 刘金亮¹, 仲磊¹, 于明坚^1,^*()

1 浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
2 浙江省林业科学研究院, 杭州 310023
3 浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区管理局, 浙江临安 311300
4 浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区凤阳山管理处, 浙江龙泉 323700
5 浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区百山祖管理处, 浙江庆元 323800
6 浙江古田山国家级自然保护区管理局, 浙江开化 324300

收稿日期:2016-04-29 接受日期:2016-08-10 出版日期:2016-08-20 发布日期:2016-09-02
通讯作者: 于明坚
基金资助:
浙江省科技计划(2015C02016)和浙江省自然科学基金(LY16C160003)

Taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversities of major subtropical forest community types in Zhejiang Province

Yuexia Wang¹, Yi Jin¹, Chuping Wu^1,², Dongming Wong³, Lixing Ye⁴, Deliang Chen⁵, Jianping Yu⁶, Jinliang Liu¹, Lei Zhong¹, Mingjian Yu^1,^*()

1 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
2 Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310023
3 Administration Bureau of Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Lin’an, Zhejiang 311300
4 Management Office of Fengyangshan, Fengyangshan-Baishanzu National Nature Reserve, Longquan, Zhejiang 323800
5 Management Office of Baishanzu, Fengyangshan-Baishanzu National Nature Reserve, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800
6 Administration Bureau of Zhejiang Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Kaihua, Zhejiang 324300

Received:2016-04-29 Accepted:2016-08-10 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-09-02
Contact: Yu Mingjian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解不同森林群落类型的物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性, 有助于指导森林经营和生物多样性保护。本研究比较了浙江省内不同地点主要森林类型(包括常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林和针阔叶混交林)的物种α多样性和谱系α多样性, 以及物种β多样性和谱系β多样性。研究表明, 该地区主要森林类型的物种和谱系α多样性均存在较大差异, 但控制了空间和地形因子的作用后, 差异几乎全部消失; 森林类型内部及相互间的物种和谱系β多样性均存在显著差异, 同种森林类型内部的物种和谱系β多样性分别小于不同森林类型之间的物种和谱系β多样性, 且在控制了空间和地形因子的作用后, 以上差异仍然显著。本研究表明影响亚热带主要森林群落类型物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性的因素存在差异: α多样性可能主要受到空间和地形因子等的影响, 而β多样性则可能受到森林类型的重要影响。

关键词: α多样性, β多样性, 地形, 经度, 纬度, 自然保护区

Abstract

Knowledge of taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversities of different forest types is critical to improving our understanding of forests and their structure, which can guide forest management and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic and phylogenetic α (Shannon-Wiener index and PSV (phylogenetic species variability) diversity, respectively) and β (Chao’s index and PCDp (phylogenetic community dissimilarity among nonshared species) diversity, respectively) diversities of four main forest types, including evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF), evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBLF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBLF), and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBLF) in Zhejiang Province. α diversity represents biodiversity within a single forest plot; β diversity is divided into two levels. One is the β diversity between forest plots within a single forest type (intra-forest type β diversity), and the other the β diversity between forest plots from different forest types (inter-forest type β diversity). We found that the taxonomic and phylogenetic α diversities differed among forest types. However, when the geographical and topographical variables were taken into account, these differences largely disappeared. We also found the intra- and inter-forest type β diversities greatly differed, and the overall intra-forest type β diversity was lower than inter-forest type β diversity, regardless of whether geographical and topographical variables were controlled. These results suggest the controlling factors of taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversities differ in the studied subtropical forest types. Geographical and topographical variables may play critical roles in influencing forest taxonomic and phylogenetic α diversities, whereas forest type is largely responsible for forest taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversities.

Key words: α, diversity, β, diversity, topography, longitude, latitude, nature reserve

王月霞, 金毅, 吴初平, 翁东明, 叶立新, 陈德良, 余建平, 刘金亮, 仲磊, 于明坚 (2016) 浙江省主要亚热带森林群落类型物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性比较. 生物多样性, 24, 863-874. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016114.

Yuexia Wang, Yi Jin, Chuping Wu, Dongming Wong, Lixing Ye, Deliang Chen, Jianping Yu, Jinliang Liu, Lei Zhong, Mingjian Yu (2016) Taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversities of major subtropical forest community types in Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 24, 863-874. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016114.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016114

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I8/863

图/表 10

图1 研究地点的地理分布图。WYL: 乌岩岭; BSZ: 百山祖; FYS: 凤阳山; JLS: 九龙山; GTS: 古田山; QLF: 清凉峰; TMS: 天目山; LWS: 龙王山。

Fig. 1 Geographic locations of the studied reserves. WYL, Wuyanling (119.641º-119.691º E, 27.667º-27.728º N); BSZ, Baishanzu (119.129º-119.322º E, 27.629º-27.842º N); FYS, Fengyangshan (119.100º-119.250º E, 27.767º-27.967 N); JLS, Jiulongshan (118.817º-118.917º E, 28.317º-28.400º N); GTS, Gutianshan (118.064º-118.187º E, 29.172º-29.295º N); TMS, Tianmushan (119.403º-119.453º E, 30.308º-30.360º N); QLF, Qingliangfeng (118.867º-119.183º E, 30.083º-30.283º N); LWS, Longwangshan (119.404º-119.438º E, 30.375º-30.417º N).

表1 本研究所使用参数汇总

Table 1 Summary of the variables used in this study

变量类型 Variable type	描述 Description
分类变量 Categorical variable	类别 Category
森林类型 Forest type	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBLF) 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBLF) 针阔叶混交林 Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (CBLF)
连续变量 Continuous variable (unit)	范围 Range	平均值 Mean
经度 Longitude (°)	118.06-119.67	119.63
纬度 Latitude (°)	27.54-30.40	28.95
海拔 Elevation (m)	363-1,54	974.08
坡度 Slope (°)	10.2-45	30.36
坡向 Aspect (°)	5.0-358.6	172.5

图2 不同森林类型间物种(A)与谱系(B) α多样性比较。不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CBLF、DBLF、EBLF和EDBLF的含义见表1。

Fig. 2 Comparisons of taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) α diversities among forest types. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). PSV, Phylogenetic species variability. See Table 1 for the key to CBLF, DBLF, EBLF and EDBLF.

表2 不同森林类型间物种和谱系α多样性差异的线性混合效应模型结果

Table 2 Linear mixed effects model results for the differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic α diversities among forest types

	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	PSV指数 PSV index
常绿阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EBLF vs. EDBLF	-0.128	-0.019
常绿阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林 EBLF vs. DBLF	-0.042	-0.042^*
常绿阔叶林vs.针阔叶混交林 EBLF vs. CBLF	0	-0.031
常绿落叶阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林 EDBLF vs. DBLF	-0.111	0.006
常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.针阔叶混交林 EDBLF vs. CBLF	0.278	0.027
落叶阔叶林vs.针阔叶混交林 DBLF vs. CBLF	0.328	0.019

图3 研究区森林物种(A)和谱系(B) β多样性的非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)排序结果。○表示常绿阔叶林, △表示常绿落叶阔叶混交林, ×表示针阔叶混交林, +表示落叶阔叶林。

Fig. 3 Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) result of taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) β diversities of the studied forests. ○, Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF); △, Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBLF); ×, Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBLF); +, Deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBLF).

图4 同种森林类型内部的物种(A)与谱系(B) β多样性。不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CBLF、DBLF、EBLF和EDBLF的含义见表1。

Fig. 4 Taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) β diversities within forest types. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). PCDp, Phylogenetic community dissimilarity among nonshared species. See Table 1 for the key to CBLF, DBLF, EBLF and EDBLF.

图5 不同森林类型之间的物种(A)与谱系(B) β多样性比较。不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。“vs.”表示前后两种森林类型间的β多样性。CBLF、DBLF、EBLF和EDBLF的含义见表1。

Fig. 5 Comparisons of the taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) β diversities between forest types. Different lower case letter indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). “vs.” indicates the β diversity between forest types on its both sides. See Table 1 for the key to CBLF, DBLF, EBLF and EDBLF. PCDp, Phylogenetic community dissimilarity among nonshared species.

图6 森林群落类型内部及相互间的物种(A)与谱系(B) β多样性比较。使用线性混合效应模型控制了空间和环境因素的影响后, 两个组间的差异仍然显著(P < 0.05)。柱形上方若不存在相同英文字母, 表示组间有显著差异(P < 0.05)。“同种群落间”指同种森林群落间的β多样性, “不同群落类型间”指不同森林群落类型之间的β多样性。

Fig. 6 Comparisons of the taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) β diversities within and between forest types. When the spatial and environmental variables effects were controlled in linear mixed effects model, differences between the two paired groups were still significant (P < 0.05 in both cases). Boxes with different lower case letter indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). “Intra” represents β diversity between communities from the same forest type, “Inter” represents β diversity between communities from different forest types. PCDp, Phylogenetic community dissimilarity among nonshared species.

表3 同种森林类型内部物种和谱系β多样性差异的线性混合效应模型结果

Table 3 Mixed effects model results for the differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversities within forest types

	Chao’s指数 Chao’s index	PCDp指数 PCDp index
常绿阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EBLF vs. EDBLF	-0.073	0.006
常绿阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林 EBLF vs. DBLF	-0.256^***	-0.018^*
常绿阔叶林vs.针阔叶混交林 EBLF vs. CBLF	-0.038	-0.129^*
常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林 EDBLF vs. DBLF	-0.13^*	-0.067^**
常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.针阔叶混交林 EDBLF vs. CBLF	0.244^**	-0.044
落叶阔叶林vs.针阔叶混交林 DBLF vs. CBLF	0.315^***	0.02

表4 不同森林类型之间物种和谱系β多样性差异的线性混合效应模型结果

Table 4 Linear mixed effects model results for the differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversities between forest types

	Chao’s指数 Chao’s index	PCDp指数 PCDp index
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EBLF / DBLF	-0.135^***	-0.09^***
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EBLF / CBLF	0.06	0.063^**
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	0.146^***	-0.021
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	-0.052	0.033
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.154^***	-0.012
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EBLF / CBLF	0.052^*	0.115^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	-0.021^*	0.059^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	0.055^*	0.114^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	0.019	0.01
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / CBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	-0.141^***	-0.056^*
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / CBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	-0.063^**	-0.01
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / CBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.192^***	-0.132^***
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	0.064^*	0.067^**
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / DBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	0.064^*	-0.005
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / CBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.079^**	-0.112^***

表4 不同森林类型之间物种和谱系β多样性差异的线性混合效应模型结果

Table 4 Linear mixed effects model results for the differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversities between forest types

	Chao’s指数 Chao’s index	PCDp指数 PCDp index
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EBLF / DBLF	-0.135^***	-0.09^***
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EBLF / CBLF	0.06	0.063^**
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	0.146^***	-0.021
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	-0.052	0.033
常绿阔叶林/常绿落叶阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / EDBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.154^***	-0.012
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EBLF / CBLF	0.052^*	0.115^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	-0.021^*	0.059^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	0.055^*	0.114^***
常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / DBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	0.019	0.01
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林 EBLF / CBLF vs. EDBLF / DBLF	-0.141^***	-0.056^*
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / CBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	-0.063^**	-0.01
常绿阔叶林/针阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EBLF / CBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.192^***	-0.132^***
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林vs.常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / DBLF vs. EDBLF / CBLF	0.064^*	0.067^**
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/落叶阔叶林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / DBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	0.064^*	-0.005
常绿落叶阔叶混交林/针阔叶混交林vs.落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林 EDBLF / CBLF vs. DBLF / CBLF	-0.079^**	-0.112^***

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浙江省主要亚热带森林群落类型物种和谱系水平的α和β多样性比较

Taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversities of major subtropical forest community types in Zhejiang Province

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