三种珍稀有蹄类动物的警戒行为数据

doi:10.17520/biods.2016284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

警戒行为是野生动物重要的反捕食策略之一, 警戒行为的研究已经成为行为生态学中继动物的采食行为、繁殖行为之外的另一热点研究领域。然而, 尽管研究人员至今已经在数百种鸟类、兽类中开展了各种类型的警戒行为学研究, 但相关研究的原始数据却鲜有共享。本文公开了利用焦点取样法采集的我国3种珍稀有蹄类动物警戒行为数据样本716个, 其中普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii) 175个、藏原羚(P. picticaudata) 180个、麋鹿(Elaphurus davidiamus) 361个, 并同时公布了采集该行为学数据时的相关变量, 包括性别、群体类型、群体大小、捕食风险、人类干扰等。结果显示在上述3种有蹄类动物中, 均存在明显的集群效应, 且此效应与性别及捕食风险存在交互作用。本文尝试建立标准的行为学数据规范, 以期为未来的行为学研究数据的共享及深度挖掘提供可能。

关键词: 捕食风险, 反捕食策略, 集群效应, 麋鹿, 普氏原羚, 群体大小, 人类干扰, 藏原羚

Abstract

Vigilance is an important strategy of anti-predation. After foraging and reproductive behavior, vigilance behavior has become another important research domain in behavioral ecology. However, original raw data of such kinds of study are seldom shared, despite the mounting studies on vigilance behavior of hundreds of birds and mammals. Here I publish vigilance datasets of three rare ungulates in China collected by focal sampling. These datasets include 716 samples, of which 175 are from Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii, 180 are from the Tibetan gazelle P. picticaudata and 361 are from Père David’s deer Elaphurus davidianus. I also include environmental variables, including sex, group type, group size, predation risk and human disturbance. A positive group size effect was found in all three ungulates, and this interacted with sex and predation risk/human disturbance. I attempt to establish a criterion for behavioral data collection, and to improve data sharing and exploration in ethology.

Key words: predation risk, anti-predation strategy, group-size effect, Père David’s deer, Przewalski’s gazelle, group size, human disturbance, Tibetan gazelle

李忠秋 (2016) 三种珍稀有蹄类动物的警戒行为数据. 生物多样性, 24, 1335-1340. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016284.

Zhongqiu Li (2016) Datasets of vigilance behavior for three rare ungulates. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1335-1340. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016284.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016284

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I12/1335

图/表 3

参考文献 36

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变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	极差 Range	样本量 N
群体类型 Group type			175
雌性群 Female			98
雄性群 Male			26
母子群 Mother-offspring			51
性别 Sex			175
雌性 Female			98
雄性 Male			26
携幼雌性 Mother			51
捕食风险 Predation risk			175
高 High			16
低 Low			159
群体大小 Group size	5.86 ± 0.35	1-25	175
警戒比例 Vigilant (%)	5.43 ± 0.50	0-40.90	175
警戒频率 Vigilant rate (No./h)	19.26 ± 1.23	0-97.6	175
警戒时长 Vigilant duration (s)	9.60 ± 0.70	2.00-61.67	175

变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	极差 Range	样本量 N
群体类型 Group type			175
雌性群 Female			98
雄性群 Male			26
母子群 Mother-offspring			51
性别 Sex			175
雌性 Female			98
雄性 Male			26
携幼雌性 Mother			51
捕食风险 Predation risk			175
高 High			16
低 Low			159
群体大小 Group size	5.86 ± 0.35	1-25	175
警戒比例 Vigilant (%)	5.43 ± 0.50	0-40.90	175
警戒频率 Vigilant rate (No./h)	19.26 ± 1.23	0-97.6	175
警戒时长 Vigilant duration (s)	9.60 ± 0.70	2.00-61.67	175

变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	极差 Range	样本量 N
群体类型 Group type			180
雌性群 Female			135
雄性群 Male			19
母子群 Mother-offspring			26
性别 Sex			180
雌性 Female			135
雄性 Male			19
携幼雌性 Mother			26
捕食风险 Predation risk			180
高 High			35
低 Low			145
群体大小 Group size	5.10 ± 0.22	1-12	180
警戒比例 Vigilant percentage (%)	6.44 ± 0.68	0-55.41	180
警戒频率 Vigilant rate (No. /h)	21.11 ± 1.49	0-117.92	180
警戒时长 Vigilant duration (s)	9.84±0.65	2.00-38.00	180

变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	极差 Range	样本量 N
群体类型 Group type			180
雌性群 Female			135
雄性群 Male			19
母子群 Mother-offspring			26
性别 Sex			180
雌性 Female			135
雄性 Male			19
携幼雌性 Mother			26
捕食风险 Predation risk			180
高 High			35
低 Low			145
群体大小 Group size	5.10 ± 0.22	1-12	180
警戒比例 Vigilant percentage (%)	6.44 ± 0.68	0-55.41	180
警戒频率 Vigilant rate (No. /h)	21.11 ± 1.49	0-117.92	180
警戒时长 Vigilant duration (s)	9.84±0.65	2.00-38.00	180

变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	极差 Range	样本量 N
群体类型 Group type			361
雌性群 Female			40
雄性群 Male			26
一雄多雌群 Polygamous			143
多雄多雌群 Mixed			152
性别 Sex			361
雌性 Female			203
雄性 Male			158
区域 Area			361
一区 First zone			149
二区 Second zone			212
群体大小 Group size	31.08 ± 2.10	1-303	361
警戒比例 Vigilant percentage (%)	3.50 ± 0.35	0-52.33	361