生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 528-534. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07036
孙吉吉1, 王思宇1, 王彦平1, 邵德钰2, 丁平1,*()
收稿日期:
2011-03-02
接受日期:
2011-09-25
出版日期:
2011-09-20
发布日期:
2011-10-08
通讯作者:
丁平
基金资助:
Jiji Sun1, Siyu Wang1, Yanping Wang1, Deyu Shao2, Ping Ding1,*()
Received:
2011-03-02
Accepted:
2011-09-25
Online:
2011-09-20
Published:
2011-10-08
Contact:
Ping Ding
摘要:
为了解栖息地片段化对鸟类巢捕食风险的影响, 我们于2010年4-8月, 在千岛湖地区选取16个岛屿, 分别在岛屿边缘和内部区域用放置鸡蛋(大型卵)和鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)蛋(小型卵)的方法进行人工模拟地面巢试验, 研究不同体积大小鸟卵的巢捕食率及其差异, 分析巢捕食率与岛屿面积、隔离度、形状指数和植物物种丰富度的关系。试验期间, 共放置人工巢726个, 卵1,452枚, 其中大型卵人工巢366个、卵732枚, 小型卵人工巢360个、卵720枚。结果显示: 在千岛湖地区, 鸟卵类型、放置位置和试验时间对巢捕食率存在显著影响。小型卵的巢捕食率(81.2%)高于大型卵(60.0%), 岛屿边缘的巢捕食率(75.1%)高于内部区域(66.1%), 试验后期的巢捕食率要高于繁殖初期。同时, 岛屿面积和形状指数对巢捕食率有显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。综上, 栖息地片段化可通过边缘效应和面积效应增加鸟类的巢捕食风险, 而且小型鸟类对片段化更为敏感。
孙吉吉, 王思宇, 王彦平, 邵德钰, 丁平 (2011) 千岛湖栖息地片段化效应对鸟类巢捕食风险的影响. 生物多样性, 19, 528-534. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07036.
Jiji Sun, Siyu Wang, Yanping Wang, Deyu Shao, Ping Ding (2011) Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nest predation risk in Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 19, 528-534. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07036.
岛屿 Island | 面积 Area (ha) | 隔离度 Isolation (m) | 植物物种丰富度 Plant richness | 形状指数 Shape index | 人工巢数量 No. of artificial nests |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 101.03 | 114.10 | 86 | 3.37 | 20 |
2 | 36.56 | 25.20 | 51 | 3.96 | 20 |
3 | 27.49 | 949.70 | 57 | 3.02 | 20 |
4 | 2.17 | 799.75 | 85 | 2.27 | 12 |
5 | 1.51 | 286.28 | 74 | 1.39 | 20 |
6 | 1.35 | 936.42 | 65 | 1.35 | 10 |
7 | 1.33 | 391.26 | 45 | 1.48 | 20 |
8 | 1.30 | 227.17 | 50 | 1.36 | 20 |
9 | 1.11 | 76.55 | 100 | 1.35 | 10 |
10 | 0.99 | 30.46 | 65 | 1.07 | 10 |
11 | 0.86 | 1,664.07 | 53 | 2.18 | 10 |
12 | 0.69 | 34.01 | 36 | 1.44 | 20 |
13 | 0.62 | 34.13 | 56 | 1.27 | 20 |
14 | 0.43 | 36.12 | 68 | 1.59 | 10 |
15 | 0.39 | 1,756.01 | 50 | 1.56 | 10 |
16 | 0.25 | 1,442.86 | 47 | 1.16 | 10 |
表1 岛屿特征参数与人工巢的放置情况
Table 1 Characteristics of islands and the number of artificial nests
岛屿 Island | 面积 Area (ha) | 隔离度 Isolation (m) | 植物物种丰富度 Plant richness | 形状指数 Shape index | 人工巢数量 No. of artificial nests |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 101.03 | 114.10 | 86 | 3.37 | 20 |
2 | 36.56 | 25.20 | 51 | 3.96 | 20 |
3 | 27.49 | 949.70 | 57 | 3.02 | 20 |
4 | 2.17 | 799.75 | 85 | 2.27 | 12 |
5 | 1.51 | 286.28 | 74 | 1.39 | 20 |
6 | 1.35 | 936.42 | 65 | 1.35 | 10 |
7 | 1.33 | 391.26 | 45 | 1.48 | 20 |
8 | 1.30 | 227.17 | 50 | 1.36 | 20 |
9 | 1.11 | 76.55 | 100 | 1.35 | 10 |
10 | 0.99 | 30.46 | 65 | 1.07 | 10 |
11 | 0.86 | 1,664.07 | 53 | 2.18 | 10 |
12 | 0.69 | 34.01 | 36 | 1.44 | 20 |
13 | 0.62 | 34.13 | 56 | 1.27 | 20 |
14 | 0.43 | 36.12 | 68 | 1.59 | 10 |
15 | 0.39 | 1,756.01 | 50 | 1.56 | 10 |
16 | 0.25 | 1,442.86 | 47 | 1.16 | 10 |
图2 四、六、八月份岛屿边缘及内部的大型卵(鸡蛋)与小型卵(鹌鹑蛋)的巢捕食率(+SD)
Fig. 2 The predation rate of nests with large eggs or small eggs in relation to nest locations in April, June and August 2011
鸟卵类型Egg type | 放置位置Location | P | R2 | F | df | 回归方程 Regression equation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大型卵 Large egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.003* | 0.53 | 14.7 | 12 | Y=0.14x-0.30 | ||||||
内部 Interior | 0.000* | 0.69 | 27.2 | 12 | Y=0.20x-0.43 | |||||||
小型卵 Small egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.02* | 0.37 | 8.13 | 12 | Y=0.10x-0.16 | ||||||
内部 Interior | 0.007* | 0.45 | 10.8 | 12 | Y=0.11x-0.18 |
表2 岛屿面积与大型卵和小型卵巢捕食率的关系
Table 2 Relationships between island area and the predation rate of large eggs and small eggs
鸟卵类型Egg type | 放置位置Location | P | R2 | F | df | 回归方程 Regression equation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大型卵 Large egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.003* | 0.53 | 14.7 | 12 | Y=0.14x-0.30 | ||||||
内部 Interior | 0.000* | 0.69 | 27.2 | 12 | Y=0.20x-0.43 | |||||||
小型卵 Small egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.02* | 0.37 | 8.13 | 12 | Y=0.10x-0.16 | ||||||
内部 Interior | 0.007* | 0.45 | 10.8 | 12 | Y=0.11x-0.18 |
鸟卵类型Egg type | 放置位置Location | P | R2 | F | df | 回归方程 Regression equation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大型卵 Large egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.03* | 0.30 | 6.25 | 12 | Y=0.49x-0.38 |
内部 Interior | 0.001* | 0.63 | 21.6 | 12 | Y=0.79x-0.55 | |
小型卵 Small egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.18 | 0.08 | 2.01 | 12 | Y=0.28x-0.20 |
内部 Interior | 0.07 | 0.21 | 4.10 | 12 | Y=0.33x-0.22 |
表3 岛屿形状指数与大型卵和小型卵巢捕食率的关系
Table 3 Relationships between island shape index and the predation rate of large eggs and small eggs
鸟卵类型Egg type | 放置位置Location | P | R2 | F | df | 回归方程 Regression equation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大型卵 Large egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.03* | 0.30 | 6.25 | 12 | Y=0.49x-0.38 |
内部 Interior | 0.001* | 0.63 | 21.6 | 12 | Y=0.79x-0.55 | |
小型卵 Small egg | 边缘 Edge | 0.18 | 0.08 | 2.01 | 12 | Y=0.28x-0.20 |
内部 Interior | 0.07 | 0.21 | 4.10 | 12 | Y=0.33x-0.22 |
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