生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 3-10. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014070
所属专题: 传粉生物学
收稿日期:
2014-04-08
接受日期:
2014-09-10
出版日期:
2015-01-20
发布日期:
2015-05-04
通讯作者:
魏宇昆
作者简介:
E-mail: ykwei@sibs.ac.cn基金资助:
Yukun Wei*(), Qi Wang, Yanbo Huang
Received:
2014-04-08
Accepted:
2014-09-10
Online:
2015-01-20
Published:
2015-05-04
Contact:
Yukun Wei
摘要:
为全面了解唇形科鼠尾草属(Salvia)植物的多样性和分布格局及其形成机制, 作者查阅了国际权威生物多样性信息网站(GBIF, The Plant List)、中国数字植物标本馆(CVH)、教学标本资源共享平台和中国自然保护区标本资源共享平台中该属物种名称及标本采集信息, 以及国内32家标本馆的标本, 分析并绘制其物种分布图。结果显示, 具有明确地理坐标的世界和中国分布信息分别有57,674条和11,596条, 已接受种名952个。在世界范围内, 以中南美洲(510种)物种数量最多, 其次是西亚(270种)、欧洲(117种)、东亚(97种)和北美(94种); 在国家尺度上, 以墨西哥物种数量最多(322种), 其次是俄罗斯(109种)、土耳其(88种)、美国(85种)和中国(82种)。在中国, 以云南和四川省鼠尾草种数最多(合计占全国的63%), 两省分布最多的县域地区分别是玉龙县(23种)、香格里拉县(20种)、大理市(13种)和木里县(17种)、宝兴县(13种)、马边县(13种)。在自然地理区域上, 以横断山区最为丰富, 占该属全国物种总数的52.8%, 特有种达23种; 广布种以荔枝草(S. plebeia)分布的县域数量最多(395县), 其次是鼠尾草(S. japonica) (199)、丹参(S. miltiorrhiza) (192)、贵州鼠尾草(S. cavaleriei) (173)、华鼠尾草(S. chinensis) (153)和粘毛鼠尾草(S. roborowskii) (100)。鼠尾草属主要分布于北半球温带及亚热带高海拔地区, 中国是东亚的多样性分布中心, 代表性广布种及狭域特有种均有分布, 尤以云南、四川以及横断山区的物种多样性和特有种比例最高。
魏宇昆, 王琦, 黄艳波 (2015) 唇形科鼠尾草属的物种多样性与分布. 生物多样性, 23, 3-10. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014070.
Yukun Wei, Qi Wang, Yanbo Huang (2015) Species diversity and distribution of Salvia (Lamiaceae). Biodiversity Science, 23, 3-10. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014070.
图1 世界鼠尾草属的分布范围(参考Cla?en-Bockhoff et al., 2003; Walker et al., 2004; GBIF)
Fig. 1 World-wide distribution range of Salvia species. Modified from Cla?en-Bockhoff et al. (2003), Walker et al. (2004) and GBIF.
图3 中国省级地区鼠尾草属物种数量。图中数字代表各省级地区物种数量, 括弧中为该省特有种数量。
Fig. 3 Number of Chinese Salvia species and their distribution at the provincial level. Figures in brackets represent number of endemic species.
图4 云南(A)和四川(B)县级鼠尾草属物种(含种下)分布概况
Fig. 4 Distributional pattern of Salvia species (including subspecies) at the county level in Yunnan (A) and Sichuan (B) provinces
图5 中国原产鼠尾草属物种分布的县级地区数量 1-34代表82个物种分布的县级地区数量等级, 各等级的代表物种如下: 1, S. plebeia; 2, S. japonica; 3, S. miltiorrhiza; 4, S. cavaleriei; 5, S. chinensis; 6, S. roborowskii; 7, S. przewalskii; 8, S. plectranthoides; 9, S. bowleyana; 10, S. scapiformis; 11, S. umbratica; 12, S. maximowicziana; 13, S. prionitis; 14, S. substolonifera; 15, S. deserta; 16, S. tricuspis; 17, S. cynica; 18, S. trijuga; 19, S. yunnanensis; S. prattii; 20, S. castanea; 21, S. flava; 22, S. nanchuanensis; S. aerea; 23, S. adiantifolia; 24, S. kiangsiensis; S. campanulata; 25, S. smithii; 26, S. omeiana; S. meiliensis; S. liguliloba; S. evansiana; 27, S. wardii; S. honania; S. filicifolia; 28, S. hupehensis; S. digitaloides; 29, S. sinica; S. chienii; S. bulleyana; 30, S. vasta; S. paramiltiorrhiza; S. mekongensis; S. hayatae; S. cyclostegia; 31, S. potanini; S. kiaometiensis; S. dolichantha; S. brachyloma; S. baimaensis; 32, S. qimenensis; S. mairei; S. hylocharis; S. brevilabra; S. appendiculata; 33, S. subpalmatinervis; S. sonchifolia; S. schizochila; S. schizocalyx; S. pogonochila; S. piasezkii; S. petrophila; S. pauciflora; S. paohsingensis; S. handelii; S. grandifolia; S. dabieshanensis; S. chunganensis; S. breviconnectivata; S. bifidocalyx; S. alatipetiolata; S. adoxoides; 34, S. weihaiensis; S. lankongensis; S. himmelbaurii; S. heterochroa; S. fragarioides; S. atrorubra; S. atropurpurea.
Fig. 5 Quantitative distributional pattern of Chinese Salvia species at the county level
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