靖江沿岸秋季鱼类群聚的组成特点及其丰度生物量变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11073

生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 688-698. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11073

靖江沿岸秋季鱼类群聚的组成特点及其丰度生物量变化

孙莎莎¹, 唐文乔^1,^*(), 郭弘艺¹, 李辉华¹, 刘东¹, 周天舒¹, 陈浩洲², 沈林宏², 顾树信²

1 上海海洋大学鱼类研究室, 水产种质资源发掘与利用省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306
2 江苏省靖江市渔政管理站, 江苏靖江 214500

收稿日期:2013-03-26 接受日期:2013-06-03 出版日期:2013-11-20 发布日期:2013-12-02
通讯作者: 唐文乔
基金资助:
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203065)和高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20123104110006)

Composition and changes in abundance and biomass of fish assemblages along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River over the last decade

Shasha Sun¹, Wenqiao Tang^1,^*(), Hongyi Guo¹, Huihua Li¹, Dong Liu¹, Tianshu Zhou¹, Haozhou Chen², Linhong Shen², Shuxin Gu²

1 Laboratory of Fishes, Shanghai Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306
2 Administration of Fishery of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500

Received:2013-03-26 Accepted:2013-06-03 Online:2013-11-20 Published:2013-12-02
Contact: Tang Wenqiao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长江靖江段位于长江河口的近口段, 每天有两涨两落的不规则半日潮, 是国家级水产种质资源保护区, 在渔业资源养护中起着重要作用。为了弄清靖江段沿岸水域鱼类群聚的组成特点及其丰度生物量变化, 我们于2002-2011年对靖江沿岸秋季的鱼类群聚作了调查。结果显示, 10年间79个样本共有鱼类91种, 隶属于12目23科, 其中鲤形目47种, 鲈形目17种, 鲇形目10种; 从生态类型来看, 洄游鱼类4种, 河口鱼类13种, 淡水鱼类74种。10年间, 平均每年秋季出现鱼类47种, 平均Jaccard物种相似性系数仅53.72%, 处于中等相似水平。IRI≥100的优势种和常见种合计有42种, 年均19种, 占当年数量的92.26%。贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simony)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus nitidus)等小型种类, 以及翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(P. vachellii)等中型种类的幼体是优势种和常见种的主体, 整个鱼类群聚的个体均重仅6.99 g。丰度生物量曲线显示, 除2010年外的其他年份, 第一优势种均为极小型鱼类, 2002-2009年的前面几个优势种也是小型鱼类, 仅2010和2011年有几种较大体型的种类加入到主要优势种行列。研究还显示, 最近10年来, 靖江沿岸水域秋季整个鱼类群聚的生物量、个体均重以及62%的优势种与常见种的种群数量, 在总体上有随年份而增加的趋势, 这预示着这一水域渔业资源可能已改善。

关键词: 长江, 沿岸水域, 鱼类群聚, 时间格局, ABC曲线

Abstract

The Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River, which lies near the estuary with an irregular semidiurnal tide, is the National Aquatic Germplasm Resource Reserve and plays an important role in conserving fishery resources. To clarify the composition and changes in abundance/biomass of fish assemblages of these coastal waters, investigations were carried out along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River in the autumns of 2002 to 2011. Results showed that 91 species, belonging to 12 orders and 23 families, were collected from surveys conducted during this period. Fish included 47 species of Cypriniformes, 17 species of Perciformes and 10 species of Siluriformes. Four were migratory species, 13 were estuarine, and 74 were freshwater fish. The average number of different fish species recorded each autumn was 47 (range = 32-61), and mean Jaccard similarity index was 53.72 (range = 38.46-69.09)%. The total number of dominant and common species recorded was 42, with the annual value averaging 19. Dominant and common species were mainly small fish, such as Hemiculter bleekeri, Pseudobrama simony, Pseudobagrus nitidus etc., as well as juveniles of large or medium fish, such as Culter alburnus, Parabramis pekinensis, P. vachellii etc. The mean individual weight (MIW) of the fish assemblage was 6.99 g. The abundance biomass comparison curve indicated that the first dominant species recorded in autumn in all years except 2010 were all very small-sized fish. The most dominant species in 2002-2009 were also of small-size fish, and large-size fish only contributed to the dominant species in 2010 and 2011. Our research also indicated a general increase in abundance or biomass (CPUE_N、CPUE_W), the MIW of the fish assemblage, and the population size of 62% of dominant and common species. This suggested that fishery resources of the waters studied are likely to improve.

Key words: Yangtze River, offshore areas, fish assemblage, temporal pattern, ABC curve

孙莎莎, 唐文乔, 郭弘艺, 李辉华, 刘东, 周天舒, 陈浩洲, 沈林宏, 顾树信 (2013) 靖江沿岸秋季鱼类群聚的组成特点及其丰度生物量变化. 生物多样性, 21, 688-698. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11073.

Shasha Sun,Wenqiao Tang,Hongyi Guo,Huihua Li,Dong Liu,Tianshu Zhou,Haozhou Chen,Linhong Shen,Shuxin Gu (2013) Composition and changes in abundance and biomass of fish assemblages along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River over the last decade. Biodiversity Science, 21, 688-698. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11073.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11073

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I6/688

图/表 9

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	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
2003	53.06
2004	50.91	59.32
2005	49.02	61.11	57.81
2006	47.17	56.14	67.24	33.33
2007	51.92	57.89	60.66	34.55	69.09
2008	52.83	53.33	58.73	47.54	61.02	54.84
2009	42.42	50.00	56.94	44.12	58.82	57.97	68.18
2010	46.00	55.56	55.93	54.55	52.63	57.14	55.17	60.94
2011	38.46	57.81	39.71	54.55	52.94	54.41	57.35	55.84	52.31

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
2003	53.06
2004	50.91	59.32
2005	49.02	61.11	57.81
2006	47.17	56.14	67.24	33.33
2007	51.92	57.89	60.66	34.55	69.09
2008	52.83	53.33	58.73	47.54	61.02	54.84
2009	42.42	50.00	56.94	44.12	58.82	57.97	68.18
2010	46.00	55.56	55.93	54.55	52.63	57.14	55.17	60.94
2011	38.46	57.81	39.71	54.55	52.94	54.41	57.35	55.84	52.31

种类 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI										个体均值 MIW (g)
种类 Species	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	个体均值 MIW (g)
贝氏 Hemiculter bleekeri	5,288	5,704	6,100	3,604	5,984	7,698	5,640	7,646	3,525	5,812	3.49
鳊 Parabramis pekinensis	1,900	1,764	1,578	1,739	1,175	1,325	483	201	1,588	769	40.28
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus	3,639	2,708	880	4,720	178		261	122	1,391	558	2.61
窄体舌鳎 Cynoglossus gracilis	1,247	583	708	284	462	618	245	460	195		11.21
刀鲚 Coilia nasus		1,110	878	836	344	446	1,140	639	1,242	556	6.06
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni	343	511	1,559	586	1,561	2,268	1,298	1,435	4,250	1,927	8.81
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	121		256	1,052	872	363	288	692	163	489	1.40
鲫 Carassius auratus	513	403	676	574	1,298	622	394	489	515	829	13.72
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix		172				171	349	280	1,475	1,260	187.25
银鮈 Squalidus argentatus	433			223	362	709	538	251	1,354		2.75
亮银鮈 S. nitens		222	155				818	511	1,017	256	1.94
翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	108	268	830	786		231	148	579	295	304	40.85
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachellii	487	370	784	353	226	255			738	202	7.41
棒花鱼 Abbotina rivularis	136		153	204	447	328	157	328		309	2.65
长蛇鮈 Saurogobio dunerili	326		251	441	678	120				246	9.18
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	579						351	120			3.55
铜鱼 Coreius heterodon	188		146								28.27
黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco	183	269									22.77
鳜 Siniperca chuatsi	152										34.11
红鳍原鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus		240	435	104	463	143	217	270	161		10.35
光唇蛇鮈 Squalidus gymnocheilus		478	215				574			184	2.48
Hemiculter leucisculus		212		202						605	3.06
鲤 Cyprinus carpio		195				108					103.71
鳡鱼 Elopichthys bambusa		155						139			181.99
银鲴 Xenocypris argentea			179	146	124						13.98
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis			304		370						3.15
乌鳢 Channidae argus				188		113		344			73.15
蛇鮈 Squalidus dabryi				164			168	234			4.84
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus				124	308					158	1.82
圆尾斗鱼 Macropodus chinensis				113							2.54
兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis					521	159				910	3.20
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella					122	173	610				88.01
短盖肥脂鲤 Piaractus brachypomus					242		635				3.34
赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus					192		265				80.64
彩石鳑鲏 Rhodeus lighti					156					120	1.20
日本鳗鲡 Anguilla japonica							116	159			89.98
青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus							269				21.63
香鱼衔 Repomucenus olidus								232		121	0.87
子棱吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus								186			2.27
缺鬚鱊 Acheilognathus imberbis								169			2.96
中国花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus								101			24.92
鳙 Aristichthys nobilis										113	98.69

种类 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI										个体均值 MIW (g)
种类 Species	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	个体均值 MIW (g)
贝氏 Hemiculter bleekeri	5,288	5,704	6,100	3,604	5,984	7,698	5,640	7,646	3,525	5,812	3.49
鳊 Parabramis pekinensis	1,900	1,764	1,578	1,739	1,175	1,325	483	201	1,588	769	40.28
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus	3,639	2,708	880	4,720	178		261	122	1,391	558	2.61
窄体舌鳎 Cynoglossus gracilis	1,247	583	708	284	462	618	245	460	195		11.21
刀鲚 Coilia nasus		1,110	878	836	344	446	1,140	639	1,242	556	6.06
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni	343	511	1,559	586	1,561	2,268	1,298	1,435	4,250	1,927	8.81
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	121		256	1,052	872	363	288	692	163	489	1.40
鲫 Carassius auratus	513	403	676	574	1,298	622	394	489	515	829	13.72
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix		172				171	349	280	1,475	1,260	187.25
银鮈 Squalidus argentatus	433			223	362	709	538	251	1,354		2.75
亮银鮈 S. nitens		222	155				818	511	1,017	256	1.94
翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	108	268	830	786		231	148	579	295	304	40.85
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachellii	487	370	784	353	226	255			738	202	7.41
棒花鱼 Abbotina rivularis	136		153	204	447	328	157	328		309	2.65
长蛇鮈 Saurogobio dunerili	326		251	441	678	120				246	9.18
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	579						351	120			3.55
铜鱼 Coreius heterodon	188		146								28.27
黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco	183	269									22.77
鳜 Siniperca chuatsi	152										34.11
红鳍原鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus		240	435	104	463	143	217	270	161		10.35
光唇蛇鮈 Squalidus gymnocheilus		478	215				574			184	2.48
Hemiculter leucisculus		212		202						605	3.06
鲤 Cyprinus carpio		195				108					103.71
鳡鱼 Elopichthys bambusa		155						139			181.99
银鲴 Xenocypris argentea			179	146	124						13.98
寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis			304		370						3.15
乌鳢 Channidae argus				188		113		344			73.15
蛇鮈 Squalidus dabryi				164			168	234			4.84
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus				124	308					158	1.82
圆尾斗鱼 Macropodus chinensis				113							2.54
兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis					521	159				910	3.20
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella					122	173	610				88.01
短盖肥脂鲤 Piaractus brachypomus					242		635				3.34
赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus					192		265				80.64
彩石鳑鲏 Rhodeus lighti					156					120	1.20
日本鳗鲡 Anguilla japonica							116	159			89.98
青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus							269				21.63
香鱼衔 Repomucenus olidus								232		121	0.87
子棱吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus								186			2.27
缺鬚鱊 Acheilognathus imberbis								169			2.96
中国花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus								101			24.92
鳙 Aristichthys nobilis										113	98.69

年份 Year		2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	均值 Average
优势种 Dominant species	S	4	4	3	4	4	3	4	2	8	3	4
	S%	12.50	9.30	5.88	9.09	8.89	6.38	8.16	3.27	19.51	5.17	8.81
	N%	68.24	67.21	54.77	68.39	52.20	64.22	57.14	57.49	83.36	43.84	60.33
	W%	58.83	45.66	37.61	49.36	49.45	48.70	31.82	33.31	78.17	49.76	47.09
常见种 Common species	S	12	13	15	16	18	15	18	20	7	17	15
	S%	37.50	30.23	29.41	36.36	40.00	31.91	36.73	32.79	17.07	29.31	32.13
	N%	25.75	22.37	38.41	38.41	40.37	25.59	36.35	33.26	11.64	45.77	31.79
	W%	29.40	40.05	40.64	40.64	39.06	36.67	59.30	55.09	15.20	36.91	39.30
优势种与常见种Dominant and common species	S	16	17	18	20	22	18	22	22	15	20	19
	S%	50.00	39.53	35.29	45.45	48.89	38.30	44.90	36.07	36.59	34.48	40.95
	N%	94.00	89.58	93.18	94.61	92.58	89.80	93.50	90.75	95.00	89.60	92.26
	W%	88.23	85.71	78.25	92.11	88.51	85.37	91.12	88.40	93.37	86.66	87.77

靖江沿岸秋季鱼类群聚的组成特点及其丰度生物量变化

Composition and changes in abundance and biomass of fish assemblages along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River over the last decade

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种 Species	CPUE_N	CPUE_W	MIW
贝氏 H. bleekeri	0.30	0.43	0.73^*
鳊 P. pekinensis	-0.32	-0.67^*	-0.38
光泽黄颡鱼 P. nitidus	-0.50	-0.56	0.19
窄体舌鳎 C. gracilis	-0.52	-0.65^*	0.09
刀鲚 C. nasus	0.24	0.50	0.52
似鳊 P. simoni	0.81^**	0.87^**	0.31
麦穗鱼 P. parva	0.35	0.36	0.36
鲫 C. auratus	-0.05	0.62	0.22
鲢 H. molitrix	0.82^**	0.88^**	-0.08
银鮈 S. argentatus	0.25	0.38	0.69^*
亮银鮈 S. nitens	0.64^*	0.66^*	-0.09
翘嘴鲌 C. alburnus	0.71^*	-0.60	-0.75^*
瓦氏黄颡鱼 P. vachellii	-0.26	-0.32	0.30
红鳍原鲌 C. erythropterus	-0.13	-0.05	-0.24
草鱼 C. idella	0.62	0.31	-0.68
长蛇鮈 S. dunerili	0.01	-0.60	-0.42
棒花鱼 A. rivularis	0.42	0.26	0.07
乌鳢 C. argus	0.25	0.40	0.31
兴凯鱊 A. chankaensis	-0.03	0.19	0.41
光唇蛇鮈 S. gymnocheilus	0.35	0.35	0.24
日本鳗鲡 A. japonica	-0.31	0.44	0.47
鳡鱼 E. bambusa	0.41	0.36	-0.60
H. leucisculus	-0.28	-0.37	-0.71
青鱼 M. piceus	0.25	0.21	-0.23
短盖肥脂鲤 P. brachypomus	0.10	0.10	-1.00
赤眼鳟 S. curriculus	-0.44	-0.46	-0.26
鲤 C. carpio	-0.61	-0.13	0.12
寡鳞飘鱼 P. engraulis	-0.12	-0.03	-0.20
香鱼衔 R. olidus	0.33	0.65^*	0.62
蛇鮈 S. dabryi	0.15	0.14	0.00
凤鲚 C. mystus	0.30	0.18	-0.43
高体鳑鲏 R. ocellatus ocellatus	0.37	0.23	-0.43
鳜 S. chuatsi	-0.21	-0.42	-0.48
银鲴 X. argentea	0.03	-0.17	-0.60
黄颡鱼 P. fulvidraco	-0.68^*	-0.26	0.52
彩石鳑鲏 R. lighti	0.34	0.34	-0.09
缺鬚鱊 A. imberbis	0.74^*	0.71^*	0.03
鳙 A. nobilis	0.29	0.29	1.00^**
铜鱼 C. heterodon	-0.89^*	-0.87^*	-0.40
子棱吻虾虎鱼 R. giurinus	0.40	0.42	0.36
中国花鲈 L. maculatus	0.53	0.51	-1.00
圆尾斗鱼 M. chinensis	-0.18	-0.42	-0.59
整个鱼类群聚 The whole fish assemblage	0.64^*	0.46	0.20

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