水稻驯化与长江文明

doi:10.17520/biods.2018016

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 346-356. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018016

水稻驯化与长江文明

宋志平^1,^*(), 陈家宽¹, 赵耀²

1 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200438
2 南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所, 南昌 330031

收稿日期:2018-01-16 接受日期:2018-04-16 出版日期:2018-04-20 发布日期:2018-09-11
通讯作者: 宋志平
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31570383)

Rice domestication and the Yangtze River civilization

Zhiping Song^1,^*(), Jiakuan Chen¹, Yao Zhao²

1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438
2 Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031

Received:2018-01-16 Accepted:2018-04-16 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-09-11
Contact: Song Zhiping
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻(即亚洲栽培稻Oryza sativa)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一, 全球有超过半数以上人口以稻米为食。关于水稻是何时、何地、在什么环境下开始驯化等问题一直是学术界关注的热点。得益于分析技术的进步, 近年来考古学和遗传学研究在水稻驯化起源问题上取得了重要进展。本文简要综述了有关长江流域的水稻驯化起源的遗传学和考古学的研究进展, 并讨论了水稻驯化与稻作文化及长江文明的关系。遗传学研究结果认为水稻(粳稻)最早起源于中国长江流域及以南地区(珠江流域), 考古学证据则表明水稻最先于10,000-8,000 BP在中国长江流域被驯化, 水稻驯化和稻作农业的发展催生了长江文明。这些进展促进了我们对水稻驯化、稻作文化和长江文明的认识, 对长江流域重要植物资源的保护也有启示意义。

关键词: 栽培稻, 野生稻, 驯化, 长江文明, 起源

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops in the world and serves as a staple food source for more than half of the world’s population. Research into when, where, and how rice was initially cultivated and eventually domesticated is essential. Research on these questions has been greatly advanced recently, along with nearly continuous research in both genetics and archaeology using newly developed analytical techniques. Here, we review the scientific understanding of rice domestication in the Yangtze River valley from both an archaeological and genetic perspective, and discuss the relationship between rice domestication and the Yangtze River civilization. Recent genetic research suggests that domesticated rice (O. sativa ssp. japonica) first occurred in southern China, including the Yangtze River valley and the Pearl River Basin. Current findings from archaeology support the view that O. sativa ssp. japonica was firstly domesticated in the Yangtze River valley ca.10,000-8,000 BP, and rice cultivation and agricultural development triggered the Yangtze River civilization. These findings enhance our understanding of rice domestication and related cultivation culture and also have implications for conservation of plant resources in the Yangtze River valley.

Key words: cultivated rice, wild rice, domestication, the Yangtze River civilization, origin

宋志平, 陈家宽, 赵耀 (2018) 水稻驯化与长江文明. 生物多样性, 26, 346-356. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018016.

Zhiping Song, Jiakuan Chen, Yao Zhao (2018) Rice domestication and the Yangtze River civilization. Biodiversity Science, 26, 346-356. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018016.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018016

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I4/346

图/表 2

图1 普通野生稻、籼稻、粳稻的谷粒及种子形态。a: 籼稻9311; b: 粳稻日本晴(Nipponbare); c: 普通野生稻(来自江西东乡)

Fig. 1 Grain and seed of Oryza rufipogon, O. sativa ssp. indica and japonica. a, indica variety 9311; b, japonica variety Nipponbare; c, O. rufipogon from Dongxiang population of Jiangxi Province.

图2 中国水稻遗址时空分布图

Fig. 2 The temporal and spatial distribution of ancient rice relics in China

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水稻驯化与长江文明

Rice domestication and the Yangtze River civilization

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