生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 232-242. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.11319 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2011.11319
所属专题: 中国的森林生物多样性监测
收稿日期:
2010-12-23
接受日期:
2011-03-03
出版日期:
2011-03-20
发布日期:
2011-06-01
通讯作者:
桑卫国
作者简介:
*E-mail:swg@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Haifeng Liu, Liang Li, Weiguo Sang*()
Received:
2010-12-23
Accepted:
2011-03-03
Online:
2011-03-20
Published:
2011-06-01
Contact:
Weiguo Sang
摘要:
群落结构状态是植被演替进程中的重要体现之一, 同时也是下一步演替过程发生的基础。暖温带落叶阔叶次生林是中国暖温带森林植被的主要类型。为了更好地研究其演替动态、生物多样性维持机制, 我们参照巴拿马Barro Colorado Island (BCI) 50 ha热带雨林样地的技术规范, 于2009年11月至2010年9月在北京门头沟区小龙门森林公园的暖温带落叶阔叶次生林内建立了一块20 ha的固定样地(简称DLS), 对样地内胸径≥1 cm的所有木本植物进行了鉴定、调查及定位, 分析了群落的组成和结构。结果表明, 样地内木本植物有58种, 隶属于18科33属。独立个体的总数为52,136, 包括独立个体分枝的总数为103,284, 全部为落叶树种。群落的区系类型以北温带成分居多, 同时混有一些亚热带和热带成分, 属典型的温带森林类型。群落优势种明显, 个体数最多的前5个种的个体数占到总个体数的61%, 前20个种占到92%, 而其余38个种只占8%。群落成层现象明显, 垂直结构由主林层(19个种)、次林层(18个种)和灌木层(21个种)组成。样地所有木本植物个体总径级分布呈倒“J”型, 群落更新良好。主林层树种的径级结构近似于双峰或正态分布, 而次林层和灌木层树种则表现出倒“J”型或“L”型。几个主要树种的空间分布表现出不同的分布格局, 随着径级增大, 聚集程度降低。空间分布格局显示主要优势种自身个体在其径级大小的空间分布上互补, 不同径级的个体占据了样地内不同的空间位置。
刘海丰, 李亮, 桑卫国 (2011) 东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶次生林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构. 生物多样性, 19, 232-242. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.11319.
Haifeng Liu, Liang Li, Weiguo Sang (2011) Species composition and community structure of the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest, China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 232-242. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.11319.
物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 5,274 | 18.85 | 7.355 | 19.647 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 10,539 | 5.66 | 1.324 | 12.069 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 2,536 | 17.45 | 3.031 | 9.639 |
毛叶丁香 Syringa pubescens | 6,313 | 3.00 | 0.222 | 6.851 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 5,174 | 3.37 | 0.231 | 5.950 |
毛榛 Corylus mandshurica | 6,192 | 2.38 | 0.138 | 5.803 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 1,967 | 12.59 | 1.224 | 5.006 |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 776 | 18.75 | 1.071 | 3.820 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 2,385 | 5.51 | 0.284 | 3.790 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 576 | 19.53 | 0.862 | 2.900 |
北京花楸 Sorbus discolor | 911 | 8.70 | 0.271 | 2.428 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 1,554 | 1.64 | 0.016 | 2.343 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 1,301 | 2.90 | 0.043 | 1.836 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 567 | 11.01 | 0.270 | 1.734 |
迎红杜鹃 Rhododendron mucronulatum | 1,382 | 2.22 | 0.027 | 1.667 |
鼠李 Rhamnus utilis | 699 | 5.41 | 0.080 | 1.638 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 459 | 1.44 | 0.004 | 1.293 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 424 | 12.51 | 0.260 | 1.253 |
大果榆 U. macrocarpa | 499 | 10.18 | 0.203 | 1.215 |
山柳 Salix pseudotangii | 204 | 17.36 | 0.241 | 1.124 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 457 | 9.54 | 0.163 | 1.078 |
沙梾 Swida bretchneideri | 296 | 2.44 | 0.007 | 1.078 |
总计 Total | 50,485 | 192.44 | 17.327 | 94.162 |
表1 东灵山样地重要值≥1的物种
Table 1 Species with the important value ≥1 in the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot
物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 5,274 | 18.85 | 7.355 | 19.647 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 10,539 | 5.66 | 1.324 | 12.069 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 2,536 | 17.45 | 3.031 | 9.639 |
毛叶丁香 Syringa pubescens | 6,313 | 3.00 | 0.222 | 6.851 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 5,174 | 3.37 | 0.231 | 5.950 |
毛榛 Corylus mandshurica | 6,192 | 2.38 | 0.138 | 5.803 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 1,967 | 12.59 | 1.224 | 5.006 |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 776 | 18.75 | 1.071 | 3.820 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 2,385 | 5.51 | 0.284 | 3.790 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 576 | 19.53 | 0.862 | 2.900 |
北京花楸 Sorbus discolor | 911 | 8.70 | 0.271 | 2.428 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 1,554 | 1.64 | 0.016 | 2.343 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 1,301 | 2.90 | 0.043 | 1.836 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 567 | 11.01 | 0.270 | 1.734 |
迎红杜鹃 Rhododendron mucronulatum | 1,382 | 2.22 | 0.027 | 1.667 |
鼠李 Rhamnus utilis | 699 | 5.41 | 0.080 | 1.638 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 459 | 1.44 | 0.004 | 1.293 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 424 | 12.51 | 0.260 | 1.253 |
大果榆 U. macrocarpa | 499 | 10.18 | 0.203 | 1.215 |
山柳 Salix pseudotangii | 204 | 17.36 | 0.241 | 1.124 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 457 | 9.54 | 0.163 | 1.078 |
沙梾 Swida bretchneideri | 296 | 2.44 | 0.007 | 1.078 |
总计 Total | 50,485 | 192.44 | 17.327 | 94.162 |
分布区类型 Areal-type | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera |
---|---|---|
1 世界广布 Widespread | 6 | 1 |
2 泛热带 Pantropic | 2 | 1 |
3 东亚及热带南美间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted | 1 | 0 |
6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 0 |
热带成分 Tropical elements (分布型2,3,6) | 4 | 1 |
8 北温带 North Temperate Zone | 8 | 24 |
9 东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted | 0 | 2 |
10 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate | 0 | 2 |
14 东亚 East Asia | 0 | 2 |
温带成分 Temperate elements (分布型8, 9, 10, 14) | 8 | 30 |
合计 Total | 18 | 32 |
表2 东灵山森林样地木本植物区系类型
Table 2 Areal-type of woody plants in Donglingshan forest dynamic plot
分布区类型 Areal-type | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera |
---|---|---|
1 世界广布 Widespread | 6 | 1 |
2 泛热带 Pantropic | 2 | 1 |
3 东亚及热带南美间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted | 1 | 0 |
6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 0 |
热带成分 Tropical elements (分布型2,3,6) | 4 | 1 |
8 北温带 North Temperate Zone | 8 | 24 |
9 东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted | 0 | 2 |
10 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate | 0 | 2 |
14 东亚 East Asia | 0 | 2 |
温带成分 Temperate elements (分布型8, 9, 10, 14) | 8 | 30 |
合计 Total | 18 | 32 |
图4 东灵山样地不同垂直层的径级结构图。X轴为单株胸径四舍五入取整数, 间隔范围为1。
Fig. 4 Size-class distribution of different vertical layers in the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot. The horizontal axis is the integer of the DBH values rounded, the interval is 1.
图5 东灵山样地主要树种的径级结构图。X轴为单株胸径四舍五入取整数, 间隔范围为1。
Fig. 5 Size-class distribution of dominant species in the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot. The horizontal axis is the integer of the DBH values rounded, the interval is 1.
图6 东灵山样地主要树种在3个不同径级的分布图
Fig. 6 Distribution maps of do- minant species at three DBH classes in Donglingshan forest dynamic plot ? DBH<10 cm; ? 10 cm≤DBH<25 cm; ○ DBH≥25 cm.
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