物种多样性地理格局的能量假说

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09161

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种多样性地理分布格局及其成因是生物地理学和宏观生态学研究的核心问题之一。为了解释物种多样性的分布格局, 人们提出了多种假说, 其中讨论最多的是能量假说。该假说认为, 物种多样性的变化受能量控制。根据能量的不同形式及其对物种多样性的影响机制, 能量假说包括以下几种形式: 生产力假说(productivity hypothesis)、水分—能量动态假说(water-energy dynamic hypothesis)、环境能量假说(ambient energy hypothesis)、寒冷忍耐假说(freezing tolerance hypothesis)以及生态学代谢假说(metabolic theory of ecology, MTE)。本文系统介绍了每种能量假说的含义、所使用的能量形式及表征变量, 以及对物种多样性的影响机制, 并对不同形式的能量假说进行了比较, 在此基础上, 分析了每种能量假说的优点和缺点以及各自面临的问题。

关键词: 物种多样性, 动能, 化学能, 温度, 生产力假说, 水分—能量动态假说, 环境能量假说, 寒冷忍耐假说, 生态学代谢假说

Abstract

Large-scale patterns of species diversity are one of the most important and attractive issues for ecology and biogeography. Many hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms that shape and maintain the diversity patterns. Among them, the energy hypothesis, which focuses on the influence of energy on species diversity, has generated the most attention. Based on the forms of energy and the mechanisms of energy effects on diversity patterns, five versions of the energy hypothesis have been recognized, i.e. productivity hypothesis, water-energy dynamic hypothesis, ambient energy hypothesis, freezing tolerance hypothesis, and metabolic theory of ecology. The current paper reviews the development of the energy hypothesis, and then presents the context, energy forms, variables, predictions, and underlying mechanisms for the five versions of the energy hypothesis. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages, shortcomings, and challenges of each version of the energy hypothesis.

Key words: species diversity, kinetic energy, thermal energy, productivity hypothesis, water-energy dynamic hypothesis, ambient energy hypothesis, freezing tolerance hypothesis, metabolic theory of ecology

王志恒, 唐志尧, 方精云 (2009) 物种多样性地理格局的能量假说. 生物多样性, 17, 613-624. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09161.

Zhiheng Wang, Zhiyao Tang, Jingyun Fang (2009) The species-energy hypothesis as a mechanism for species richness patterns. Biodiversity Science, 17, 613-624. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09161.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09161

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I6/613

图/表 3

图1 北美洲树木(A, 引自Currie & Paquin, 1987)以及全球鸟类(B, 引自Hawkins et al., 2003a)物种丰富度与实际蒸散量(AET)的关系。其中实际蒸散量反映了一个地区的净初级生产力; Nearctic, 新北区; Neotropical, 新热带区; Palearctic, 古北区; Afrotropics, 古热带区; Australia, 澳洲区。

Fig. 1 Relationships between species richness and actual evapotranspiration (AET) for North American trees (A, from Currie & Paquin, 1987) and global birds (B, from Hawkins et al., 2003a). AET is a surrogate of net primary productivity (NPP).

图2 北美洲脊椎动物多样性与环境能量(以最大潜在蒸散表示, PET)的关系(引自Currie, 1991)。Aves：鸟类; Mammalia：哺乳动物; Amphibia：两栖动物; Reptilia：爬行动物。

Fig. 2 Relationships between species richness of North American vertebrates and ambient energy measured by potential evapotranspiration (PET) (from Currie, 1991).

图3 热量动能和势能对物种多样性的影响机制(引自Allen et al., 2007)

Fig. 3 Collective mechanisms for influences of thermal kinetic energy and potential energy on species diversity (from Allen et al., 2007).

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