生物群落的种—面积关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种—面积关系主要探讨物种数量随面积扩大而变化的规律, 它联系不同尺度的生物多样性, 是生物多样性尺度转换的重要依据。利用种—面积关系可以估算群落或区域的物种数量、评价区域生物多样性的丧失。由于构建方式、尺度效应以及区域差异, 种—面积关系的具体形式及其普适性还存在争议。本文主要从构建、尺度效应、区域分异以及与种—多度分布的联系等方面综述种—面积关系的主要进展, 并探讨它在不同方面的适用性。最后给出了利用基于组合样方系列构建的种—面积关系来估算秦岭山地物种数的实例, 结果表明估算精度良好。

关键词: 尺度, 物种估算, 种—面积关系

Abstract

The manner in which species richness increases with increasing sampling area is among the important laws of ecology. However, forms and parameters of the species-area relationships vary depending on sampling methods, climate, and spatial scales. Because the species-area relationships connect biodiversity at different scales, they are used for estimating species richness at local or regional scales, and for assessing regional biodiversity losses. Here, we review recent developments in the forms, spatial variation in parameters, applications, and scale-dependence of species-area relationships. As a case study, we used species-area relationships to estimate number of plant species in different regions of the Qinling Mountains, and found that the well-consistent estimated and recorded numbers of species were achieved for different nature reserves in the Qinling Mountains.

Key words: scale, richness estimate, species-area relationship

唐志尧, 乔秀娟, 方精云 (2009) 生物群落的种—面积关系. 生物多样性, 17, 549-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144.

Zhiyao Tang, Xiujuan Qiao, Jingyun Fang (2009) Species-area relationship in biological communities. Biodiversity Science, 17, 549-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I6/549

图/表 4

图1 构建种—面积关系的3种主要方式。A和a分别为巢式样方及其对应的种—面积关系; B和b分别为组合样方及其对应的种—面积关系; C和c分别为隔离生境及其对应的种—面积关系(c)。根据Scheiner(2003)修改。

Fig. 1 Three types of species-area relationships. A, B, C, represent nested plots, quadrates combination, and isolated patches, respectively; and a, b, c, represent the corresponding species-area curves (revised from Scheiner, 2003).

图2 北美东南部1,472个巢式样方(0.01-1,000 m2)幂函数种—面积关系斜率(z值)的频率分布, 分段间隔为0.015, 垂直虚线为斜率的均值(0.372), 实线(0.217, 0.538)为95%置信区间(Fridley et al., 2005)。

Fig. 2 The frequency distribution of slopes of species-area relationship for 1,472 nested plots in southwest North America. The dashed line represents the mean slope (0.372), the solid lines (0.217, 0.538) are the threshold with 95% confidence (Fridley et al., 2005).

图3 不同尺度的种—面积关系及主要影响因素。在双对数坐标轴上, 随着取样面积的增加, 幂函数种—面积关系表现出3个阶段: 在小尺度(调查面积AP远小于物种平均分布范围AR), 斜率(z值)较大; 在中尺度(AP小于AR), 斜率较小; 而在大尺度(AP大于AR), 斜率又开始增加(修订自Allen & White, 2003)。

Fig. 3 Species-area relationship and main factors influencing the slopes at different scales. The power-law species area relationship showed three phases: large z-values at micro-scale (with plot area, AP, much smaller than the mean range size, AR); small z-values at the meso-scale (AP smaller than AR), and large z-values at the macro-scale (AP larger than AR) (revised from Allen & White, 2003).

图4 秦岭山脉不同山体种—面积关系。A:太白山; B:牛背梁; C:小陇山头二三滩自然保护区; D: 秦岭山脉。横坐标为以样方数表示的面积(样方面积600 m2)。

Fig. 4 Species-area relationships of different mountains in the Qinling Mountains. The x axis shows area indicated as no. of plots (each with an area of 600 m2).

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