卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 414-422. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

所属专题：保护生物学: 现状和挑战

卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量

初红军¹, 蒋志刚²^,^*(), 葛炎³, 蒋峰³, 陶永善³, 王臣⁴

1 新疆阿勒泰地区野生动植物保护办公室, 新疆阿勒泰地区林业局, 阿勒泰 836500
2 中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室, 北京 100101
3 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站, 阿勒泰 836500
4 新疆普氏野马繁殖研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2009-01-06 接受日期:2009-05-28 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20
通讯作者: 蒋志刚
作者简介:*E-mail: jiangzg@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
新疆自治区科技攻关和重点科技项目“中国阿尔泰山及其南部荒漠有蹄类多样性现状与保护研究”(200433116);中国重要生物物种资源监测和保育关键技术与应用示范项目(2008BAC39B04);国家林业局野生动植物保护司

Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve

Hongjun Chu¹, Zhigang Jiang²^,^*(), Yan Ge³, Feng Jiang³, Yongshan Tao³, Chen Wang⁴

1 Wildlife Conservation Office of Altay Prefecture, Forestry Bureau of Altay Prefecture, Altay, Xinjiang 836500
2 Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3 Altay Management Station of Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay, Xinjiang 836500
4 Xinjiang Research Center for Breeding Przewalski’s Horse, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000

Received:2009-01-06 Accepted:2009-05-28 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20
Contact: Zhigang Jiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2006年9月至2007年12月, 在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区采用截线取样法调查了蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)和鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa sairensis)的种群密度。蒙古野驴野外调查样线总长6,696.4 km, 发现7,758 匹蒙古野驴; 鹅喉羚样线总长8,428.84 km, 发现8,586头鹅喉羚。采用Distance 5.0估算了蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的密度和遇见率。从春季到秋季, 蒙古野驴遇见率在0.058-0.092匹/km之间变化, 而鹅喉羚遇见率则在0.096-0.342头/ km之间变化。春季蒙古野驴种群密度为0.55 ± 0.20 匹/km ² (平均数 ± 标准差,下同), 夏季为0.60 ± 0.13 匹/km ², 秋季为0.78 ± 0.19匹/km ²和冬季为0.54 ± 0.14 匹/km ²。蒙古野驴适宜栖息面积5,800 km²。春季到冬季, 蒙古野驴种群数量在3,379到5,318匹之间变化。鹅喉羚春季、夏季、秋季和冬季种群密度分别为1.14 ± 0.18头/km ², 0.95 ± 0.12头/km ², 1.08 ± 0.18头/km ²和1.54 ± 0.31头/km ²。该保护区的鹅喉羚冬季和春季适宜栖息面积均为10,000 km², 夏季为12,000 km², 秋季为15,000 km²。估算该区域春季鹅喉羚数量为14,286头, 夏季为6,628头, 秋季为8,337头, 冬季为19,677头。本研究的结果将为卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚长期监测提供基础数据。

关键词: 截线取样法, 荒漠, Equus hemionus, Gazella subgutturosa sairensis

Abstract

From September 2006 to December 2007, we surveyed population densities of khulan (Equus hemionus) and goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa sairensis) in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve using the distance sampling method. Total length of the transect lines for investigating khulan was 6,696.4 km, altogether, we recorded 7,758 khulan. Total length of the transect lines for investigating goitred gazelle was 8,428.84 km, and we recorded 8,586 goitred gazelles. We estimated the density and encounter rates of khulan and goitred gazelle with the interactive computer program Distance 5.0. From spring to autumn, the encounter rate (the number of observed individuals/km) of khulan varied between 0.058-0.092 individuals/km, whereas that of goitred gazelle varied between 0.096-0.342 individuals/km. Suitable habitat for khulan in Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve was 5,800 km², we estimated population densities of khulan as 0.55 ± 0.20 individuals/km ² in spring, 0.60 ± 0.13 individuals/km ² in summer, 0.78 ± 0.19 individuals/ km ² in autumn, and 0.54 ± 0.14 individuals/ km ² in winter in the survey area, respectively. There were 3,379 khulan in spring, 3,965 khulan in summer, 5,318 khulan in autumn, and 3,829 khulan in winter, respectively. Suitable habitat for goitred gazelle were 10,000 km²in spring and winter, 12,000 km² in summer, and 15,000 km²in autumn. We estimated the population densities of goitred gazelle as 1.14 ± 0.18 individuals/km ² in spring, 0.95 ± 0.12 individuals/km ² in summer, 1.08 ± 0.18 individuals/km ² in autumn, and 1.54 ± 0.31 individuals/km ² in winter, respectively. We calculated the numbers of goitred gazelle as 14,286 in spring, 6,628 in summer, 8,337 in autumn, and 19,677 in winter. We gave recommendation of using the survey transects and survey data as baseline data for long-term monitoring on klulan and goitred gazelle in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve.

Key words: line transect sampling, desert, khulan, goitred gazelle

初红军, 蒋志刚, 葛炎, 蒋峰, 陶永善, 王臣 (2009) 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量. 生物多样性, 17, 414-422. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001.

Hongjun Chu, Zhigang Jiang, Yan Ge, Feng Jiang, Yongshan Tao, Chen Wang (2009) Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 17, 414-422. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I4/414

图/表 4

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种类 Species	季节 Seasons	样线数量 No. of transect lines	样线总长度 Total length (km)	个体数 No. of individuals	群数 No. of groups	群平均大小 Group size (mean ± SE)	遇见率 Encounter rate (individuals /km)	变异系数 CV (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
蒙古野驴 Khulan	春季 Spring	54	1,231.0	2,048	107	19.14 ± 37.47	0.087	13.43	0.065-0.110
	夏季 Summer	86	2,563.6	2,947	195	15.11 ± 35.67	0.074	13.24	0.057-0.096
	秋季 Autumn	35	1,344.1	1,558	123	12.67 ± 24.89	0.092	17.19	0.060-0.120
	冬季 Winter	37	1,557.7	1,205	89	13.54 ± 23.50	0.058	16.79	0.041-0.814
鹅喉羚 Goitred gazelle	春季 Spring	120	2,548.1	2,100	316	6.65 ± 8.68	0.116	13.12	0.090-0.150
	夏季 Summer	100	2,179.9	1,806	347	5.20 ± 9.53	0.144	8.84	0.121-0.171
	秋季 Autumn	35	826.7	1,221	283	4.31 ± 4.67	0.342	14.01	0.231-0.406
	冬季 Winter	50	2,874.1	3,459	275	12.58 ± 21.04	0.096	17.82	0.064-0.130

种类 Species	季节 Seasons	样线数量 No. of transect lines	样线总长度 Total length (km)	个体数 No. of individuals	群数 No. of groups	群平均大小 Group size (mean ± SE)	遇见率 Encounter rate (individuals /km)	变异系数 CV (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
蒙古野驴 Khulan	春季 Spring	54	1,231.0	2,048	107	19.14 ± 37.47	0.087	13.43	0.065-0.110
	夏季 Summer	86	2,563.6	2,947	195	15.11 ± 35.67	0.074	13.24	0.057-0.096
	秋季 Autumn	35	1,344.1	1,558	123	12.67 ± 24.89	0.092	17.19	0.060-0.120
	冬季 Winter	37	1,557.7	1,205	89	13.54 ± 23.50	0.058	16.79	0.041-0.814
鹅喉羚 Goitred gazelle	春季 Spring	120	2,548.1	2,100	316	6.65 ± 8.68	0.116	13.12	0.090-0.150
	夏季 Summer	100	2,179.9	1,806	347	5.20 ± 9.53	0.144	8.84	0.121-0.171
	秋季 Autumn	35	826.7	1,221	283	4.31 ± 4.67	0.342	14.01	0.231-0.406
	冬季 Winter	50	2,874.1	3,459	275	12.58 ± 21.04	0.096	17.82	0.064-0.130

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则值 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 individuals / km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Estimated no. of individuals	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	411.91	1	0.056(4)	0.78	0.49-1.24	5,318	3,338-8,474
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则值 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 individuals / km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Estimated no. of individuals	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	411.91	1	0.056(4)	0.78	0.49-1.24	5,318	3,338-8,474
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 Individuals/km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Population estimate	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	875.03	2	0.433(3)	1.08	0.78-1.51	8,337	6,005-11,576
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246

卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量

Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve

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