生物同质化研究透视

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08273

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 117-126. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08273

所属专题：生物入侵

生物同质化研究透视

王光美¹^,^*(), 杨景成²(), 姜闯道³, 赵洪涛², 张志东¹

1 中国科学院烟台海岸带可持续发展研究所, 山东烟台 264003
2 北京自然博物馆, 北京 100050
3 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2008-10-28 接受日期:2009-02-19 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
通讯作者: 王光美
作者简介:* E-mail: gmwang@yic.ac.cn
第一联系人：
** 共同第一作者
基金资助:
北京市财政项目(京财预指[2008]第0178号);中国科学院烟台海岸带可持续发展研究所前沿领域项目(A3JO708BX)

A literature review on biotic homogenization

Guangmei Wang¹^,^*(), Jingcheng Yang²(), Chuangdao Jiang³, Hongtao Zhao², Zhidong Zhang¹

1 Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003
2 Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050
3 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2008-10-28 Accepted:2009-02-19 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
Contact: Guangmei Wang
About author:First author contact:
** Co-first author

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物同质化是指特定时间段内两个或多个生物区在生物组成和功能上的趋同化过程, 包括遗传同质化、种类组成同质化和功能同质化三个方面。近年来, 生物同质化问题已引起生态学界的高度重视, 成为保护生物地理学的一个全新议题, 但在国内的相关研究较少。本文从生物同质化概念的发展历程入手, 对生物同质化三个方面的度量方法和驱动因素分别做了介绍和评述, 指出外来物种入侵和本土物种灭绝是导致生物同质化的最主要原因, 其他能促进这两个过程的活动, 如环境退化和干扰、城市化和生境同质化等都会对生物同质化有影响; 生物同质化具尺度效应, 在不同生物地理区域以及不同生态系统和生物类群之间, 生物同质化程度不同, 主要驱动力也各异。探讨了生物同质化在生态、生物进化和人文经济方面的影响以及生物同质化与生物多样性保护的关系。最后对我国开展生物同质化研究的必要性和需要解决的问题做了探讨, 以期能推动生物同质化研究在我国的发展。

关键词: 生物入侵, 物种灭绝, 驱动因素, 尺度效应, 生态与进化后果, 生物多样性保护

Abstract

Biotic homogenization is the process whereby the genetic, taxonomic and functional similarity of two or more biotas increases over time. As a new research agenda for conservation biogeography, biotic homogenization has become a rapidly emerging topic of interest in ecology and evolution over the past decade. However, research on this topic is rare in China. Herein, we introduce the development of the concept of biotic homogenization, and then discuss methods to quantify its three components (genetic, taxonomic, and functional homogenization), and their driving mechanisms. Species invasions and extinctions are the root cause of biotic homogenization, whilst other habitat alterations that facilitate these two processes, such as environment degradation and disturbance, urbanization, and habitat homogenization, also influence biotic homogenization. Biotic homogenization was tempo-spatial-scale dependant. The homogenization degree differed between various ecosystems and taxa, as well as in different regions. We also reviewed ecological and evolutionary consequences and effects on human dimension (economics and biodiversity conservation) due to biotic homogenization. Considering the distinctness of China’s biodiversity, we suggest that it is time to strengthen research on biotic homogenization in China. In our view, the most fundamental need is to establish open, reliable databases to foster biotic homogenization research. We hope this review will stimulate biotic homogenization research in China.

Key words: biological invasion, species extinction, driving mechanism, scale effect, ecological and evolutionary consequences, biodiversity conservation

王光美, 杨景成, 姜闯道, 赵洪涛, 张志东 (2009) 生物同质化研究透视. 生物多样性, 17, 117-126. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08273.

Guangmei Wang, Jingcheng Yang, Chuangdao Jiang, Hongtao Zhao, Zhidong Zhang (2009) A literature review on biotic homogenization. Biodiversity Science, 17, 117-126. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08273.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08273

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/117

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生物同质化研究透视

A literature review on biotic homogenization

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